1
|
Mangone G, Serranti D, Bartolini E, Vigna V, Mastrangelo G, Ricci S, Trapani S, Azzari C, Resti M, Indolfi G. SNPs of the IFNL favour spontaneous clearance of HCV infection in children. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:1516-1521. [PMID: 33966053 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both spontaneous and treatment-induced clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in adults have been associated with genetic polymorphisms in the interferon-λ genes. The aim of the present study was to confirm the association between the rs12979860 and evaluate the association between the rs368234815 and the rs4803217 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the interferon-λ genes and the outcome of the infection in children. METHODS Alleles and genotypes frequencies of 32 children, who presented spontaneous clearance of the virus and 135 children, with viral persistence were compared with ethnically matched controls obtained from the 1000 Genomes Project and the International HapMap Project databases. RESULTS The frequencies of the C/C genotype of rs12979860, the TT/TT of the rs368234815 and the A/C of the rs4803217 were higher in the clearance group than in children with viral persistence (C/C versus T/T + C/T odds ratio (OR): 2.6; 90% confidence intervals (CI): 1.3-5; p = 0.01; TT/TT versus ΔG/TT + ΔG/ΔG OR: 2.8; 90% CI: 1.4-5.5; p = 0.01; and A/A versus A/C OR: 8.3; 90% CI: 1.5-45.9; p = 0.017, respectively) and with the ethnically matched controls. CONCLUSIONS The rs12979860, the rs368234815 and the rs4803217 SNPs are associated with spontaneous clearance of HCV in children. IMPACT Innate immune system response has a key role in the outcome of vertically acquired HCV infection in children. The rs12979860, the rs368234815 and the rs4803217 SNPs are associated with spontaneous clearance of HCV in children. Interferons-λ activate the Janus kinase-Stat pathway, which in turn induces several interferon-stimulated genes, leading to suppression of HCV replication both in vivo and in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giusi Mangone
- Immunology Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Daniele Serranti
- Paediatric and Liver Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Elisa Bartolini
- Paediatric and Liver Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Veronica Vigna
- Paediatric and Liver Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Greta Mastrangelo
- Paediatric and Liver Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital of Florence, Firenze, Italy.,Department NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Silvia Ricci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Sandra Trapani
- Paediatric and Liver Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital of Florence, Firenze, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Chiara Azzari
- Immunology Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital of Florence, Firenze, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Massimo Resti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Indolfi
- Paediatric and Liver Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital of Florence, Firenze, Italy. .,Department NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sorrentino L, Silvestri V, Oliveto G, Scordio M, Frasca F, Fracella M, Bitossi C, D’Auria A, Santinelli L, Gabriele L, Pierangeli A, Mastroianni CM, d’Ettorre G, Antonelli G, Caruz A, Ottini L, Scagnolari C. Distribution of Interferon Lambda 4 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs11322783 Genotypes in Patients with COVID-19. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020363. [PMID: 35208821 PMCID: PMC8876137 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type III interferons (IFN-III), also known as IFN-Lambda, have a pivotal role during SARS-CoV-2 infection. IFN-Lambda response among individuals is heterogeneous and its association with COVID-19 symptoms severity needs to be further clarified. We analyzed the genotype frequencies of IFNL4 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs11322783 in patients with COVID-19 (n = 128), in comparison with a validated data set of European healthy controls (n = 14152). The IFNL4 SNP was also analyzed according to the haematological and clinical parameters of patients with COVID-19. The distributions of IFNL4 genotypes among SARS-CoV-2 positive patients [TT/TT 41.4% (n = 53), TT/ΔG 47.7% (n = 61) and ΔG/ΔG 10.9% (n = 14)] and healthy controls were comparable. Different levels of white blood cells (p = 0.036) and neutrophils (p = 0.042) were found in the IFNL4 different genotypes in patients with COVID-19; the ΔG/ΔG genotype was more represented in the groups with low white blood cells and neutrophils. There were no differences in major inflammation parameters (C-reactive protein, D-dimer, Albumin, and Lactate-dehydrogenase (LDH)] and survival rate according to the IFNL4 genotypes. In conclusion, although patients with COVID-19 did not exhibit a different distribution of the IFNL4 SNP, the ΔG/ΔG genotype was associated with a lower count of immune cell populations. These findings need to be confirmed in larger groups of patients with COVID-19 and the role of IFNL4 SNP needs to be also investigated in other respiratory viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Sorrentino
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (F.F.); (M.F.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (A.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Valentina Silvestri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.S.); (L.O.)
| | - Giuseppe Oliveto
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (F.F.); (M.F.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (A.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Mirko Scordio
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (F.F.); (M.F.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (A.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Federica Frasca
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (F.F.); (M.F.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (A.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Matteo Fracella
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (F.F.); (M.F.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (A.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Camilla Bitossi
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (F.F.); (M.F.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (A.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Alessandra D’Auria
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (F.F.); (M.F.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (A.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (C.M.M.); (G.d.)
| | - Lucia Gabriele
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Pierangeli
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (F.F.); (M.F.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (A.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Claudio Maria Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (C.M.M.); (G.d.)
| | - Gabriella d’Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (C.M.M.); (G.d.)
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (F.F.); (M.F.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (A.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Antonio Caruz
- Immunogenetic Unit, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain;
| | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.S.); (L.O.)
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (F.F.); (M.F.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (A.P.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao C, Xie S, Wu H, Luan Y, Hu S, Ni J, Lin R, Zhao S, Zhang D, Li X. Quantification of allelic differential expression using a simple Fluorescence primer PCR-RFLP-based method. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6334. [PMID: 31004110 PMCID: PMC6474871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42815-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Allelic differential expression (ADE) is common in diploid organisms, and is often the key reason for specific phenotype variations. Thus, ADE detection is important for identification of major genes and causal mutations. To date, sensitive and simple methods to detect ADE are still lacking. In this study, we have developed an accurate, simple, and sensitive method, named fluorescence primer PCR-RFLP quantitative method (fPCR-RFLP), for ADE analysis. This method involves two rounds of PCR amplification using a pair of primers, one of which is double-labeled with an overhang 6-FAM. The two alleles are then separated by RFLP and quantified by fluorescence density. fPCR-RFLP could precisely distinguish ADE cross a range of 1- to 32-fold differences. Using this method, we verified PLAG1 and KIT, two candidate genes related to growth rate and immune response traits of pigs, to be ADE both at different developmental stages and in different tissues. Our data demonstrates that fPCR-RFLP is an accurate and sensitive method for detecting ADE on both DNA and RNA level. Therefore, this powerful tool provides a way to analyze mutations that cause ADE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changzhi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Shengsong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yu Luan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Suqin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Juan Ni
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Ruiyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Shuhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Dingxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China. .,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China.
| | - Xinyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China. .,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zakaria ZA, Knapp S, Hashem M, Zaghla H, Thursz M, Waked I, Abdelwahab S. Interleukin 28A.rs12980602 and interleukin 28B.rs8103142 genotypes could be protective against HCV infection among Egyptians. Immunol Res 2019; 67:123-133. [PMID: 30402710 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-018-9035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that interleukin (IL)-28B gene polymorphisms were associated with hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection and treatment outcomes. We tested whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-28A and IL-28B are associated with HCV infection among Egyptians with HCV genotype 4 infections. We enrolled 144 chronic HCV patients, 72 spontaneously resolved HCV subjects, and 69 healthy controls. Four SNPs in IL-28A and IL-28B genes (IL-28A.rs12980602, IL-28B.rs12979860, IL-28B.rs8099917, and IL-28B.rs8103142) were genotyped. The most frequent IL-28B haplotype "TCT" was significantly more frequent in HCV-infected subjects than in HCV negative subjects (62.2% vs. 48.6%, respectively; p = 0.005). The frequency of IL-28A.rs12980602 "T" allele was significantly higher than the "C" allele in healthy controls compared to HCV-infected subjects (p < 0.001) with the "TT" genotype significantly higher in healthy controls compared to HCV-infected subjects (p < 0.001) with no association with viral load (p = 0.11) among chronically infected subjects. The results, also, confirmed the previous role of IL-28B SNPs in predicting HCV infection outcome. Importantly, IL-28B.rs8099917 "TT" genotype was significantly associated with low viral load in HCV-infected subjects, while the remaining three SNPs did not. The three IL-28B SNPs were in linkage disequilibrium (D' > 0.68; r2 > 0.43) for all comparisons in HCV patients, while there was no linkage disequilibrium of IL-28A polymorphisms and the three IL-28B SNPs. In conclusion, IL-28A.rs12980602 and IL-28B.rs8103142 TT genotype could be protective against HCV infection. Also, IL-28B.rs12979860, IL-28B.rs8099917, and IL-28B.rs8103142 SNPs predicted the outcome of HCV infection among genotype-4-infected Egyptians. Moreover, IL-28B.rs8099917 SNP affected the viral load in chronic HCV patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zainab A Zakaria
- The Holding Company for Biological Products and Vaccines (VACSERA), 51 Wizaret El-Zeraa St., Agouza, Giza, 22311, Egypt
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Susanne Knapp
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Imperial College, St. Mary's Hospital, London, W21NY, UK
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- The Holding Company for Biological Products and Vaccines (VACSERA), 51 Wizaret El-Zeraa St., Agouza, Giza, 22311, Egypt
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201, USA
| | - Hassan Zaghla
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, 32511, Egypt
| | - Mark Thursz
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Imperial College, St. Mary's Hospital, London, W21NY, UK
| | - Imam Waked
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, 32511, Egypt
| | - Sayed Abdelwahab
- The Holding Company for Biological Products and Vaccines (VACSERA), 51 Wizaret El-Zeraa St., Agouza, Giza, 22311, Egypt.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61511, Egypt.
- Department of Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Al-Haweiah, Taif, 21974, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bhushan A, Chinnaswamy S. Identifying causal variants at the interferon lambda locus in case-control studies: Utilizing non-synonymous variant rs117648444 to probe the role of IFN-λ4. Gene 2018; 664:168-180. [PMID: 29705128 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variants at the interferon lambda (IFNL) locus have been associated with several human phenotypes in both disease and health. In chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, where the IFNL variants were first identified to be associated with response to interferon-α-ribavirin therapy, the available data clearly suggests that the causal variant could be the dinucleotide polymorphism rs368234815 that causes an open reading frame-shift in the IFNL4 gene resulting in expression of a functional IFN-λ4, a new type III IFN. In other human diseases/phenotypes where IFNL variants have been recently associated with, the causal mechanism remains unclear. In vitro evidence has shown that other IFNL variants (rs28416813, rs4803217) may regulate expression of another type III IFN, IFN-λ3. Therefore, expression of a functional IFN-λ4 and quantitative differences in IFN-λ3 expression are two potential causal mechanisms behind the observed phenotypes. Since these two potential causal mechanisms involve features of mutual exclusivity and overlapping functions, it is difficult to differentiate one from the other, in vivo, in absence of other implicating evidences. In addition, the strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) observed in many populations at the IFNL locus makes it difficult to tease out the actual functional/causal variants responsible for the phenotypes. The non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism rs117648444 that alters the activity of IFN-λ4 and the LD structure in the IFNL region which leads to a confounding effect of rs117648444 on other IFNL variants, provide us with additional tools in case-control studies to probe the role of IFN-λ4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Bhushan
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, P.O.:N.S.S., Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Sreedhar Chinnaswamy
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, P.O.:N.S.S., Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Świątek-Kościelna B, Kałużna E, Strauss E, Nowak J, Bereszyńska I, Gowin E, Wysocki J, Rembowska J, Barcińska D, Mozer-Lisewska I, Januszkiewicz-Lewandowska D. Prevalence of IFNL3 rs4803217 single nucleotide polymorphism and clinical course of chronic hepatitis C. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:3815-3824. [PMID: 28638221 PMCID: PMC5467067 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i21.3815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the association of IFNL3 (IL28B) SNP rs4803217 with severity of disease and treatment outcome in chronic hepatitis C (CHC). METHODS The study enrolled 196 CHC Polish patients (82 women and 114 men in age 20-64) infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1. They were treatment naïve and qualified to pegylated interferon alpha (PEG-IFN-α) and ribavirin (RBV) therapy. The analyzed baseline parameters included: degree of inflammation, stage of fibrosis, viral load as well as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), asparagine aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBIL). The analysis of response to therapy included: sustained virological response (SVR), defined as undetectable serum HCV RNA level six month after completion of 48-wk therapy, and relapse, defined as achieving undetectable viral load at the end of treatment but not SVR. HCV genotyping and HCV RNA quantification were performed using commercially available tests. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells or from buccal cell swabs. In addition to rs4803217, also single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs12979860, rs8099917 and rs12980275) of known significance in predicting of HCV clearance were analyzed. SNPs were determined by high resolution melt analysis and confirmed by sequencing of amplicons. RESULTS Frequency of rs4803217 genotypes in studied group was as follows: 27.55%; 54.59% and 17.86% for CC, CA and AA, respectively. The rs4803217 SNP, similar to other analyzed SNPs, was not associated with severity of CHC (grade of inflammation, stage of fibrosis, baseline viral load as well as biochemical parameters: ALT, AST, TBIL). It was demonstrated that the rs4803217C allele is associated with SVR (C vs A: P < 0.0001; dose of C allele: P = 0.0002) and non-relapse (C vs A: P = 0.001; dose of C allele: P = 0.002). Moreover, it was found that patients with CC genotype have significantly higher response rates as compared with CA/AA patients (P < 0.0001), whereas patients carrying A allele are significantly predisposed to relapse after treatment (P = 0.0007). Moreover, the association of rs4803217 with SVR was comparable to that of rs12979860 and stronger as observed for rs12980275 and rs8099917. Association of rs4803217 with relapse, was the strongest as compared with the other SNPs. The analysis of combined rs4803217 and rs8099917 genotypes demonstrated that additional genotyping of rs8099917 had no significant impact on the prediction of SVR. Multivariate analysis revealed that among analyzed SNPs only rs4803217 is an independent predictor of SVR (P = 0.016) and relapse (P = 0.024). CONCLUSION The rs4803217 SNP is a strong, independent and superior predictor of SVR and relapse in HCV genotype 1 infected CHC patients treated with PEG-IFN-α and RBV.
Collapse
|