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Lee CW, Chen KL, Yuan CS, Lai CS, Tsai XY, Wu PH, Hsu PC. Epigenetic transgenerational effects of PM2.5 collected from southern Taiwan on sperm functions and DNA methylation in mouse offspring. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 269:115802. [PMID: 38091677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
During respiration, particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 µm or less (PM2.5) suspended in the atmosphere enters the terminal alveoli and blood. PM2.5 particles can attach to toxic substances, resulting in health problems. Limited information is available regarding the effects of prenatal exposure to water-soluble PM2.5 (WS-PM2.5) and water-insoluble PM2.5 (WI-PM2.5) on male reproduction. In addition, whether exposure to these particles has transgenerational effects remains unknown. We investigated whether prenatal exposure to WS-PM2.5 and WI-PM2.5 disrupts sperm function in generations F1, F2, and F3 of male mice. Pregnant BALB/c mice were treated using intratracheal instillation on gestation days 7, 11, and 15 with 10 mg of a water extract or insoluble PM2.5. On postnatal day 105, epididymal sperm count, motility, morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, the sperm chromatin DNA fragmentation index (DFI), and testicular DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt) levels were evaluated in all generations. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing was used to analyze the DNA methylation status of generation F3. According to the results, exposure to WS-PM2.5 affected sperm morphology, ROS production, and mean DFI in generation F1; ROS production and mean DFI in generation F2; and sperm morphology and MMP in generation F3. Similarly, exposure to WI-PM2.5 affected sperm morphology, ROS production, mean DFI, %DFI, and Dnmt1 expression in generation F1; sperm morphology, MMP, and ROS production in generation F2; and sperm morphology, ROS, and %DFI in generation F3. Two hypermethylated genes, PRR16 and TJP2, were observed in the WS-PM2.5 and WI-PM2.5 groups, two hypomethylated genes, NFATC1 and APOA5, were observed in the WS-PM2.5 group, and two hypomethylated genes, ZFP945 and GSE1, were observed in the WI-PM2.5 group. Hence, prenatal exposure to PM2.5 resulted in transgenerational epigenetic effects, which may explain certain phenotypic changes in male reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Lee
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ling Chen
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Shin Yuan
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shu Lai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Xiang-Yi Tsai
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsun Wu
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chi Hsu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Halabi H, Kalantan K, Abdulhaq W, Alshaibi H, Almatrafi MA. A Rare Case of Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis Type 4: A Case Report and Literature Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e47276. [PMID: 38021987 PMCID: PMC10656038 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a group of genetic disorders characterized by progressive intrahepatic cholestasis. Different mutations in hepatocellular transport genes result in distinct PFIC subtypes with unique clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and histopathological characteristics. Three PFIC genotypes have been commonly described (PFIC 1, 2, and 3), but in recent years, PFIC 4, 5, and 6 genetic mutations have been identified. Here, we report the first PFIC 4 case in the Middle East in a 46-day-old male infant who was successfully treated with a liver transplant. A 46-day-old, male, full-term infant presented with persistent jaundice and obstructive liver pathology suggested by liver profile and biopsy. Whole exome sequencing confirmed the diagnosis of PFIC 4. Medical treatment failed to improve the patient's symptoms. Therefore, the patient underwent hepatectomy and an unrelated liver transplant. He is currently exhibiting significant clinical improvements and is free of active complaints. PFIC is a rare disease that poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for clinicians. Infants presenting with unexplained cholestasis should have PFIC 4 as a differential diagnosis. Early recognition and treatment of PFIC 4 with liver transplantation may result in a more favorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Halabi
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternity and Children Hospital, Makkah, SAU
| | - Khawla Kalantan
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternity and Children Hospital, Makkah, SAU
| | - Warif Abdulhaq
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Medical College of Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Habeib Alshaibi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Maternity and Children Hospital, Makkah, SAU
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Yu S, He J, Xie K. Zonula Occludens Proteins Signaling in Inflammation and Tumorigenesis. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:3804-3815. [PMID: 37564207 PMCID: PMC10411466 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.85765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junction (TJ) is the barrier of epithelial and endothelial cells to maintain paracellular substrate transport and cell polarity. As one of the TJ cytoplasmic adaptor proteins adjacent to cell membrane, zonula occludens (ZO) proteins are responsible for connecting transmembrane TJ proteins and cytoplasmic cytoskeleton, providing a binding platform for transmembrane TJ proteins to maintain the barrier function. In addition to the basic structural function, ZO proteins play important roles in signal regulation such as cell proliferation and motility, the latter including cell migration, invasion and metastasis, to influence embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, damage repair, inflammation, tumorigenesis, and cancer progression. In this review, we will focus on the signal regulating function of ZO proteins in inflammation and tumorigenesis, and discuss the limitations of previous research and future challenges in ZO protein research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yu
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Keping Xie
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangdong, China
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4
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Wang R, Wang Y, Yu R, Xu W, Zhang T, Xiao Y. Case report: Osteo-oto-hepato-enteric syndrome caused by UNC45A deficiency. Front Genet 2023; 13:1079481. [PMID: 36699472 PMCID: PMC9868473 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1079481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently, UNC45 myosin chaperone A (UNC45A) deficiency was identified as a cause of osteo-oto-hepato-enteric syndrome (O2HE) characterized by congenital diarrhea, neonatal cholestasis, deafness, and bone fragility. To date, only a few O2HE cases have been reported in the literature. Case presentation: Here, we present a child from China diagnosed with O2HE with novel compound heterozygous variants in UNC45A. The patient suffered with neonatal jaundice, cholestasis, and intractable diarrhea after birth. Laboratory tests revealed highly elevated levels of total serum bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), and total bile acid (TBA). The patient was managed with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)-based treatments, and the clinical symptoms and abnormal liver functions were significantly relieved. The patient's hearing was normal, and no sign of bone fragility was observed. Exome sequencing (ES) identified novel compound heterozygote variants c.292C>T (p.Arg98Trp)/c.2534-2545del (p.Leu845-Met848del) in UNC45A, which were inherited from her mother and father, respectively. Both variants are predicted to be deleterious by in silico predictors. Conclusion: We present an O2HE child from China with novel compound heterozygous variants in UNC45A. Our patient's clinical manifestations were less severe than those of the previous reported cases, which expands the clinical spectrum of O2HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizhong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Research Center, Immunity and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronghua Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuhen Xu
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Research Center, Immunity and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongmei Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Yongmei Xiao,
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Xu J, Kausalya PJ, Ong AGM, Goh CMF, Mohamed Ali S, Hunziker W. ZO-2/Tjp2 suppresses Yap and Wwtr1/Taz-mediated hepatocyte to cholangiocyte transdifferentiation in the mouse liver. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:55. [PMID: 36151109 PMCID: PMC9508083 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00251-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
TJP2/ZO-2-inactivating mutations in humans cause progressive cholestatic liver disease. Liver-specific deletion of Tjp2 in the mouse (Tjp2 cKO mice) leads to mild progressive cholestasis without an overt degradation of the bile-blood barrier (BBB). These mice are more susceptible to cholic acid (CA) induced liver injury. Interestingly, while initially also more susceptible, Tjp2 cKO mice develop tolerance to a DDC-supplemented diet. The DDC diet induces an exacerbated ductular reaction in Tjp2 cKO mice, which arises from the transdifferentiation of hepatocytes to cholangiocytes. Consequently, this transdifferentiation is only observed if Tjp2 is inactivated in hepatocytes, but not if deleted in cholangiocytes. The DDC-diet-induced hepatocyte transdifferentiation in Tjp2 cKO mice requires Yap and Wwtr1/Taz, whose protein expression is upregulated in hepatocytes lacking Tjp2, but is independent of Notch2. Although inactivating Tjp2 is sufficient for the upregulation of Yap and Wwtr1/Taz protein, efficient transdifferentiation requires the DDC-diet insult. Thus, Tjp2 negatively regulates Yap/Taz-mediated transdifferentiation of hepatocytes to cholangiocytes in response to DDC-diet-induced liver injury. Furthermore, transdifferentiation is regulated at multiple levels and the type of injury inflicted on the Tjp2 deficient liver plays an important role in the resulting pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Xu
- Epithelial Polarity in Disease and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
| | - P Jaya Kausalya
- Epithelial Polarity in Disease and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.,M Diagnostics Pte. Ltd. (MiRXES), 30 Biopolis Road, #09-05/06 Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Alicia Ghia Min Ong
- Epithelial Polarity in Disease and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Christine Meng Fan Goh
- Epithelial Polarity in Disease and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Safiah Mohamed Ali
- Epithelial Polarity in Disease and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Walter Hunziker
- Epithelial Polarity in Disease and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore. .,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive MD9, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.
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6
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Zhao X, Hao Y, Wang Q, Shen Y, Cheng Y, Li B, Gao Y, Wang T, Qiu Y. Novel deoxyribonucleic acid methylation perturbations in workers exposed to vinyl chloride. Toxicol Ind Health 2022; 38:377-388. [PMID: 35548910 DOI: 10.1177/07482337221098600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To explore the epigenetic mechanism of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage induced by vinyl chloride (VC), we studied the micronuclei of peripheral blood lymphocytes in 193 subjects (92 in a VC exposure group employed in a chlorine-alkali plant; 101 in a control group employed in a power plant) and selected three pairs from the subjects (exposed and control) for whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS). The results showed that the rate of micronucleus formation in the VC exposure group was higher than that of control group (6.05 ± 3.28‰ vs. 2.01 ± 1.79‰). A total of 9534 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified by WGBS, of which 4816 were hypomethylated and 4718 were hypermethylated. The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway and gene ontology (GO) analyses showed the top three KEGG pathways were cancer , neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, and axon guidance, and the top three GO-BP pathways enriched were multicellular organismal process, developmental process, and anatomical structure development. In the most enriched DMR pathway (pathways in cancer), we found that BCL2, TJP2, TAOK1, PFKFB3, LIPI, and LIPH were hypermethylated, and the methylation levels of BNIP1 and GRPEL2 were decreased. The methylation of differentially methylated genes (DMGs) mentioned above were verified by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) in 50 pairs of subjects, where the coincidence rate was 60-100%. In conclusion, the epigenetic perturbations of specific DMGs (BCL2, TJP2, TAOK1, PFKFB3, LIPI, LIPH, BNIP1, and GRPEL2) may be associated with DNA damage from vinyl chloride exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yongmei Shen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ben Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Statistics, School of Public Health, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yulan Qiu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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7
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Ram AK, Vairappan B. Role of zonula occludens in gastrointestinal and liver cancers. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:3647-3661. [PMID: 35647143 PMCID: PMC9100728 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i12.3647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that tight junction (TJ) proteins play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including gastrointestinal (GI) cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). TJ proteins primarily maintain the epithelial and endothelial cells intact together through integral proteins however, recent reports suggest that they also regulate gene expression necessary for cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis through adapter proteins such as zonula occludens (ZO). ZO proteins are membrane-associated cytosolic scaffolding proteins that modulate cell proliferation by interacting with several transcription factors. Reduced ZO proteins in GI cancer and HCC are correlated with tumor development and poor prognosis. Pubmed has searched for using the keyword ZO and gastric cancer, ZO and cancer, and ZO and HCC for the last ten years to date. This review summarized the role of ZO proteins in cell proliferation and their expression in GI cancer and HCC. Furthermore, therapeutic interventions targeting ZO in GI and liver cancers are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Ram
- Liver Diseases Research Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India
| | - Balasubramaniyan Vairappan
- Liver Diseases Research Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India
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Li CZ, Ogawa H, Ng SS, Chen X, Kishimoto E, Sakabe K, Fukami A, Hu YC, Mayhew CN, Hellmann J, Miethke A, Tasnova NL, Blackford SJ, Tang ZM, Syanda AM, Ma L, Xiao F, Sambrotta M, Tavabie O, Soares F, Baker O, Danovi D, Hayashi H, Thompson RJ, Rashid ST, Asai A. Human iPSC-derived hepatocyte system models cholestasis with tight junction protein 2 deficiency. JHEP Rep 2022; 4:100446. [PMID: 35284810 PMCID: PMC8904612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims The truncating mutations in tight junction protein 2 (TJP2) cause progressive cholestasis, liver failure, and hepatocyte carcinogenesis. Due to the lack of effective model systems, there are no targeted medications for the liver pathology with TJP2 deficiency. We leveraged the technologies of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and CRISPR genome-editing, and we aim to establish a disease model which recapitulates phenotypes of patients with TJP2 deficiency. Methods We differentiated iPSC to hepatocyte-like cells (iHep) on the Transwell membrane in a polarized monolayer. Immunofluorescent staining of polarity markers was detected by a confocal microscope. The epithelial barrier function and bile acid transport of bile canaliculi were quantified between the two chambers of Transwell. The morphology of bile canaliculi was measured in iHep cultured in the Matrigel sandwich system using a fluorescent probe and live-confocal imaging. Results The iHep differentiated from iPSC with TJP2 mutations exhibited intracellular inclusions of disrupted apical membrane structures, distorted canalicular networks, altered distribution of apical and basolateral markers/transporters. The directional bile acid transport of bile canaliculi was compromised in the mutant hepatocytes, resembling the disease phenotypes observed in the liver of patients. Conclusions Our iPSC-derived in vitro hepatocyte system revealed canalicular membrane disruption in TJP2 deficient hepatocytes and demonstrated the ability to model cholestatic disease with TJP2 deficiency to serve as a platform for further pathophysiologic study and drug discovery. Lay summary We investigated a genetic liver disease, progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC), which causes severe liver disease in newborns and infants due to a lack of gene called TJP2. By using cutting-edge stem cell technology and genome editing methods, we established a novel disease modeling system in cell culture experiments. Our experiments demonstrated that the lack of TJP2 induced abnormal cell polarity and disrupted bile acid transport. These findings will lead to the subsequent investigation to further understand disease mechanisms and develop an effective treatment.
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Key Words
- ALB, albumin
- ASGR2, asialoglycoprotein receptor 2
- ATP1a1, ATPases subunit alpha-1
- BMP4, bone morphogenetic protein 4
- BSA-FAF, bovine serum albumin fatty acid-free
- BSEP, bile salt export pump
- Bile acid transport
- CDFDA, 5-(and-6)-carboxy-2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein
- Cellular polarity
- DE, definitive endoderm
- DILI, drug-induced liver injury
- FGF2, fibroblast growth factor 2
- GCA, glycocholate
- GCDCA, glycochenodeoxycholate
- HCM, Hepatocyte Culture Medium
- HE, hepatic endodermal
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- HNF4a, hepatic nuclear factor 4a
- MDCKII, Madin–Darby canine kidney II
- MRP2, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2
- NTCP, Na+-TCA cotransporter
- PFIC (progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis)
- PFIC, progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis
- PI, propidium iodide
- RT-qPCR, quantitative reverse transcription PCR
- TCA, taurocholic acid
- TCDCA, taurochenodeoxycholate
- TEER, transepithelial electrical resistance
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- TJP1, tight junction protein 1
- TJP2, tight junction protein 2
- iHep, iPSC-derived hepatocytes
- iPSC, induced pluripotent stem cell
- sgRNA, single-guide RNA
- ssODN, single-stranded oligonucleotide-DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng Li
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Hiromi Ogawa
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Soon Seng Ng
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Xindi Chen
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eriko Kishimoto
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kokoro Sakabe
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Aiko Fukami
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yueh-Chiang Hu
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Hellmann
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alexander Miethke
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nahrin L. Tasnova
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Zu Ming Tang
- Stem Cell Hotel, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Adam M. Syanda
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Liang Ma
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Fang Xiao
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Melissa Sambrotta
- Institute of Liver Studies King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Tavabie
- Institute of Liver Studies King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Oliver Baker
- Genome Editing and Embryology Core Facility, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Davide Danovi
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Hisamitsu Hayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - S. Tamir Rashid
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Akihiro Asai
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Vinayagamoorthy V, Srivastava A, Sarma MS. Newer variants of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:2024-2038. [PMID: 35070006 PMCID: PMC8727216 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i12.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by defects in bile secretion and presentation with intrahepatic cholestasis in infancy or childhood. The most common types include PFIC 1 (deficiency of FIC1 protein, ATP8B1 gene mutation), PFIC 2 (bile salt export pump deficiency, ABCB11 gene mutation), and PFIC 3 (multidrug resistance protein-3 deficiency, ABCB4 gene mutation). Mutational analysis of subjects with normal gamma-glutamyl transferase cholestasis of unknown etiology has led to the identification of newer variants of PFIC, known as PFIC 4, 5, and MYO5B related (sometimes known as PFIC 6). PFIC 4 is caused by the loss of function of tight junction protein 2 (TJP2) and PFIC 5 is due to NR1H4 mutation causing Farnesoid X receptor deficiency. MYO5B gene mutation causes microvillous inclusion disease (MVID) and is also associated with isolated cholestasis. Children with TJP2 related cholestasis (PFIC-4) have a variable spectrum of presentation. Some have a self-limiting disease, while others have progressive liver disease with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hence, frequent surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma is recommended from infancy. PFIC-5 patients usually have rapidly progressive liver disease with early onset coagulopathy, high alpha-fetoprotein and ultimately require a liver transplant. Subjects with MYO5 B-related disease can present with isolated cholestasis or cholestasis with intractable diarrhea (MVID). These children are at risk of worsening cholestasis post intestinal transplant (IT) for MVID, hence combined intestinal and liver transplant or IT with biliary diversion is preferred. Immunohistochemistry can differentiate most of the variants of PFIC but confirmation requires genetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Vinayagamoorthy
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anshu Srivastava
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Moinak Sen Sarma
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
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González-González L, Gallego-Gutiérrez H, Martin-Tapia D, Avelino-Cruz JE, Hernández-Guzmán C, Rangel-Guerrero SI, Alvarez-Salas LM, Garay E, Chávez-Munguía B, Gutiérrez-Ruiz MC, Hernández-Melchor D, López-Bayghen E, González-Mariscal L. ZO-2 favors Hippo signaling, and its re-expression in the steatotic liver by AMPK restores junctional sealing. Tissue Barriers 2021; 10:1994351. [PMID: 34689705 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1994351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ZO-2 is a peripheral tight junction (TJ) protein whose silencing in renal epithelia induces cell hypertrophy. Here, we found that in ZO-2 KD MDCK cells, in compensatory renal hypertrophy triggered in rats by a unilateral nephrectomy and in liver steatosis of obese Zucker (OZ) rats, ZO-2 silencing is accompanied by the diminished activity of LATS, a kinase of the Hippo pathway, and the nuclear concentration of YAP, the final effector of this signaling route. ZO-2 appears to function as a scaffold for the Hippo pathway as it associates to LATS1. ZO-2 silencing in hypertrophic tissue is due to a diminished abundance of ZO-2 mRNA, and the Sp1 transcription factor is critical for ZO-2 transcription in renal cells. Treatment of OZ rats with metformin, an activator of AMPK that blocks JNK activity, augments ZO-2 and claudin-1 expression in the liver, reduces the paracellular permeability of hepatocytes, and serum bile acid content. Our results suggest that ZO-2 silencing is a common feature of hypertrophy, and that ZO-2 is a positive regulator of the Hippo pathway that regulates cell size. Moreover, our observations highlight the importance of AMPK, JNK, and ZO-2 as therapeutic targets for blood-bile barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura González-González
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Helios Gallego-Gutiérrez
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dolores Martin-Tapia
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Everardo Avelino-Cruz
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Physiology, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Christian Hernández-Guzmán
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Israel Rangel-Guerrero
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Marat Alvarez-Salas
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erika Garay
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bibiana Chávez-Munguía
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Concepción Gutiérrez-Ruiz
- Department of Health Sciences, Autonomous Metropolitan University- Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Mexico City, Mexico; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Unit of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Research, Unam, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Esther López-Bayghen
- Department of Toxicology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lorenza González-Mariscal
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
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11
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Kornitzer GA, Alvarez F. Case Report: A Novel Single Variant TJP2 Mutation in a Case of Benign Recurrent Intrahepatic Cholestasis. JPGN REPORTS 2021; 2:e087. [PMID: 37205944 PMCID: PMC10191565 DOI: 10.1097/pg9.0000000000000087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis (BRIC) is a disease on the spectrum of familial intrahepatic cholestasis caused by homozygous ABCB11 or ATP8B1 mutations. In recent years, genetic testing has allowed for discovery of a variety of homozygous or compound heterozygous TJP2 mutations associated with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. To our knowledge, no cases of BRIC caused by a single variant mutation of TJP2 have been reported. We describe a 15-year-old female presenting with recurrent episodes of jaundice, vomiting, with intense pruritus, anorexia, and weight loss. Blood work revealed elevated serum conjugated bilirubin and liver enzymes but normal gamma-glutamyl transferase, consistent with BRIC. A genetic panel identified a not previously described single allele mutation in TJP2 of unknown functional significance. This is the first reported case of a clinical entity resembling BRIC with a heterozygous mutation in TJP2, without associated mutations in other cholestasis-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël A. Kornitzer
- From the Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Fernando Alvarez
- From the Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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12
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Li Y, Wang Y, Gong F, Yu X, Zhang T. A novel deletion mutation in the LPA gene in a middle-aged woman with ischaemic stroke. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:132. [PMID: 34006274 PMCID: PMC8130122 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00982-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic diversity of the human LPA gene locus is associated with high plasma concentrations of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]. High Lp(a) concentrations are strongly associated with a high incidence rate of ischaemic stroke. CASE PRESENTATION A 46-year-old female Chinese patient suffered from ischaemic stroke. Upon admission to the hospital, the patient was diagnosed with an elevated level of plasma Lp(a). The patient's clinical symptoms were alleviated by administration of basilar artery stent thrombectomy, mannitol, and aspirin. A novel compound heterozygous deletion of the region containing exons 3-16 covering kringle IV copy number variation (KIV CNV) domains in the LPA gene was observed in genetic analysis by next-generation sequencing and confirmed by qPCR. CONCLUSIONS In the current study, we reported a case of a 46-year-old female patient diagnosed with ischaemic stroke. This novel heterozygous deletion mutation in the LPA gene expands the spectrum of LPA mutations. Further study is required to understand the mechanism of LPA mutations in ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youran Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yizhong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Fan Gong
- Department of Neurology, and Institute of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaofei Yu
- Department of Neurology, and Institute of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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13
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Xu J, Kausalya PJ, Van Hul N, Caldez MJ, Xu S, Ong AGM, Woo WL, Mohamed Ali S, Kaldis P, Hunziker W. Protective Functions of ZO-2/Tjp2 Expressed in Hepatocytes and Cholangiocytes Against Liver Injury and Cholestasis. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:2103-2118. [PMID: 33465371 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Liver tight junctions (TJs) establish tissue barriers that isolate bile from the blood circulation. TJP2/ZO-2-inactivating mutations cause progressive cholestatic liver disease in humans. Because the underlying mechanisms remain elusive, we characterized mice with liver-specific inactivation of Tjp2. METHODS Tjp2 was deleted in hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, or both. Effects on the liver were assessed by biochemical analyses of plasma, liver, and bile and by electron microscopy, histology, and immunostaining. TJ barrier permeability was evaluated using fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (4 kDa). Cholic acid (CA) diet was used to assess susceptibility to liver injury. RESULTS Liver-specific deletion of Tjp2 resulted in lower Cldn1 protein levels, minor changes to the TJ, dilated canaliculi, lower microvilli density, and aberrant radixin and bile salt export pump (BSEP) distribution, without an overt increase in TJ permeability. Hepatic Tjp2-defcient mice presented with mild progressive cholestasis with lower expression levels of bile acid transporter Abcb11/Bsep and detoxification enzyme Cyp2b10. A CA diet tolerated by control mice caused severe cholestasis and liver necrosis in Tjp2-deficient animals. 1,4-Bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene ameliorated CA-induced injury by enhancing Cyp2b10 expression, and ursodeoxycholic acid provided partial improvement. Inactivating Tjp2 separately in hepatocytes or cholangiocytes showed only mild CA-induced liver injury. CONCLUSION Tjp2 is required for normal cortical distribution of radixin, canalicular volume regulation, and microvilli density. Its inactivation deregulated expression of Cldn1 and key bile acid transporters and detoxification enzymes. The mice provide a novel animal model for cholestatic liver disease caused by TJP2-inactivating mutations in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Xu
- Epithelial Polarity in Disease and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore
| | - P Jaya Kausalya
- Epithelial Polarity in Disease and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore
| | - Noémi Van Hul
- Cell Division and Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore
| | - Matias J Caldez
- Cell Division and Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore
| | - Shiyi Xu
- Epithelial Polarity in Disease and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore
| | - Alicia Ghia Min Ong
- Epithelial Polarity in Disease and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore
| | - Wan Lu Woo
- Epithelial Polarity in Disease and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore
| | - Safiah Mohamed Ali
- Epithelial Polarity in Disease and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore
| | - Philipp Kaldis
- Cell Division and Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore; Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Walter Hunziker
- Epithelial Polarity in Disease and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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14
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Shah AA, Deswal S, Mohan N, Rastogi AN. TJP2 Deficiency Presenting as High γ-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) Neonatal Cholestasis and Mimicking Biliary Atresia: A Case Report. JPGN REPORTS 2021; 2:e071. [PMID: 37207056 PMCID: PMC10191490 DOI: 10.1097/pg9.0000000000000071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aashay Abhay Shah
- From the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Medanta – The Medicity
| | - Shivani Deswal
- From the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Medanta – The Medicity
| | - Neelam Mohan
- From the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Medanta – The Medicity
| | - Amit Nath Rastogi
- Liver Transplantation and HPB Surgery, Medanta – The Medicity, Gurugram, Delhi-NCR, India
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15
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Mirza N, Bharadwaj R, Malhotra S, Sibal A. Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 4 in an Indian child: presentation, initial course and novel compound heterozygous mutation. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/7/e234193. [PMID: 32636225 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-234193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A 15-year-old boy who had a history of on and off pruritus and jaundice since many years found to have a novel mutation in TJP2 gene. On examination, he had clubbing, splenomegaly, grade 3 oesophageal varices and short stature. Investigation revealed direct hyperbirubinemia with elevated liver enzymes with normal gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Antinuclear antibody (ANA), smooth muscle antibody (SMA) anti-liver kidney microsomal (anti-LKM) and viral markers for hepatitis were negative. However, IgG was elevated and anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASMA) was weekly positive (1:20). He was also given a trial of steroid and azathioprine for 1 year on the basis of liver biopsy findings, raised IgG and positive ASMA but finding no improvement stopped. Genetic testing by next-generation sequencing found a novel compound heterozygous missense variation in exon 17 of the TJP2 gene confirming progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 4 as the aetiology of cholestatic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Mirza
- Pediatric Gasteroenterology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Bharadwaj
- Pediatric Gasteroenterology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Smita Malhotra
- Pediatric Gasteroenterology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Anupam Sibal
- Pediatric Gasteroenterology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
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16
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Wei CS, Becher N, Blechingberg J, Ott P, Vogel I, Grønbæk H. New tight junction protein 2 variant causing progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 4 in adults: A case report. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:550-561. [PMID: 32089630 PMCID: PMC7015721 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i5.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) encompasses a group of autosomal recessive disorders with high morbidity and mortality. Variants in the gene encoding tight junction protein-2 (TJP2) have been linked to PFIC type 4 (PFIC4), which predominantly presents in childhood. However, there are only limited data from adults with TJP2-related PFIC4. We report a family with an autosomal recessive disorder with a novel variant in the TJP2 gene in adults with very variable expression of PFIC4.
CASE SUMMARY The index patient presented at 19 years old with liver cirrhosis and variceal bleeding and was treated with endoscopic banding and beta-blockers. In 2018, he developed primary liver cancer that was treated with radiofrequency ablation followed by liver transplantation in 2019. Genetic testing revealed a novel homozygous TJP2 variant causing PFIC4 (TJP2([NM_004817.3]:c.[3334C>T]; [3334C>T])). The consanguineous family consists of the father and mother (both heterozygous) and their 12 children, of which five carry the variant in a homozygous state; however, these five siblings have highly variable expression of PFIC4. Two homozygous brothers had cirrhosis and portal hypertension at diagnosis at the ages of 19 and 36. Two other homozygous brothers, age 23 and 19, and the homozygous sister, age 21, have elevated liver enzymes but presently no cirrhosis, which may suggest an age-dependent penetrance. In addition, five sisters had severe and mild intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and carry the TJP2 variant in a homozygous and heterozygous state, respectively.
CONCLUSION This novel TJP2 variant is associated with PFIC4 causing severe liver disease with cirrhosis and primary liver cancer in adolescents/adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Shan Wei
- Department of Clinical Medicine - Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N DK-8200, Denmark
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Naja Becher
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Jenny Blechingberg
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Peter Ott
- Department of Clinical Medicine - Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Ida Vogel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Henning Grønbæk
- Department of Clinical Medicine - Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N DK-8200, Denmark
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17
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Zhang J, Liu LL, Gong JY, Hao CZ, Qiu YL, Lu Y, Feng JY, Li JQ, Li ZD, Wang MX, Xing QH, Knisely AS, Wang JS. TJP2 hepatobiliary disorders: Novel variants and clinical diversity. Hum Mutat 2019; 41:502-511. [PMID: 31696999 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To assess the spectrum of pediatric clinical phenotypes in TJP2 disease, we reviewed records of our seven patients in whom intrahepatic cholestasis was associated with biallelic TJP2 variants (13; 12 novel) and correlated clinical manifestations with mutation type. The effect of a splicing variant was analyzed with a minigene assay. The effects of three missense variants were analyzed with protein expression in vitro. Our patients had both remitting and persistent cholestasis. Three exhibited growth retardation. Six responded to treatment with cholestyramine, ursodeoxycholic acid, or both. Two had cholecystolithiasis. None required liver transplantation or developed hepatocellular or cholangiocellular malignancy. None manifested extrahepatic disease not attributable to effects of cholestasis. The variant c.2180-5T>G resulted in exon 15 skipping with in-frame deletion of 32 amino acid residues in TJP2. The three missense variants decreased but did not abolish TJP2 expression. Patients with truncating or canonical splice-site variants had clinically more severe disease. TJP2 disease in children includes a full clinical spectrum of severity, with mild or intermittent forms as well as the severe and minimal forms hitherto described. Biallelic TJP2 variants must be considered in children with clinically intermittent or resolved intrahepatic cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- The Department of Pediatrics, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The Center for Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lang-Li Liu
- The Department of Pediatrics, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The Center for Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Yu Gong
- The Department of Pediatrics, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Zhi Hao
- The Center for Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ling Qiu
- The Department of Pediatrics, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The Center for Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lu
- The Center for Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Yan Feng
- The Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Qi Li
- The Department of Pediatrics, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Die Li
- The Center for Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Xuan Wang
- The Department of Pediatrics, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The Center for Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-He Xing
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - A S Knisely
- Institut für Pathologie, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jian-She Wang
- The Center for Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Zhang XH, Li JY, Gao JS. Significance of expression of lncRNA-ATB in serum of patients with cholestatic liver disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2019; 27:1320-1325. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v27.i21.1320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholestatic liver disease (CSLD) refers to a collection of liver diseases that can cause cholestasis. The etiology of CSLD is complex, the pathogenesis needs to be elucidated, and there is still a lack of effective treatment. Over the past decade, there has been a deep understanding of many aspects of CSLD, which provides more effective means for its accurate diagnosis and treatment. However, many problems are still pending, and further research is urgently needed.
AIM To observe the difference of serum lncRNA-ATB levels between patients with intrahepatic cholestasis and normal people, and to explore the correlation between the changes of serum lncRNA-ATB and disease condition and prognosis in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis.
METHODS Seventy-five patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of different etiologies and 30 healthy controls were included. The expression of lncRNA-ATB in serum samples of the above subjects was detected by qRT-PCR. The levels of lncRNA-ATB between normal controls and patients with cholestasis and between patients with different degrees of cholestasis were analyzed. Linear correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the changes of lncRNA-ATB and clinical biochemical indicators, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to analyze the clinical significance of the changes of lncRNA-ATB in judging the condition of intrahepatic cholestasis.
RESULTS Compared with the healthy control group, lncRNA-ATB increased significantly in the serum of patients with intrahepatic cholestasis (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of lncRNA-ATB between patients with cholestatic liver disease caused by different etiologies and and between patients with different courses of cholestasis (P > 0.05). Serum lncRNA-ATB decreased with the aggravation of cholestasis (P < 0.001). There was a negative correlation between lncRNA-ATB and total bile acid (r = -0.627, P < 0.001). The area under the curve of lncRNA-ATB in the diagnosis of cholestasis liver disease was 0.856 (95%CI: 0.809-0.904, P < 0.001), with a sensitivity of 81.42% and specificity of 73.45%.
CONCLUSION The level of lncRNA-ATB in serum of patients with intrahepatic cholestasis liver disease is significantly increased, and it decreases with the aggravation of cholestasis. The expression level of LncRNA-ATB is expected to be a biomarker for judging the condition and prognosis of patients with intrahepatic cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hua Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yilong County People's Hospital, Nanchong 637600, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jin-Ying Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jin-Sheng Gao
- Department of Oncology, Yilong County People's Hospital, Nanchong 637600, Sichuan Province, China
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19
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ZO-2 Is a Master Regulator of Gene Expression, Cell Proliferation, Cytoarchitecture, and Cell Size. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174128. [PMID: 31450555 PMCID: PMC6747478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ZO-2 is a cytoplasmic protein of tight junctions (TJs). Here, we describe ZO-2 involvement in the formation of the apical junctional complex during early development and in TJ biogenesis in epithelial cultured cells. ZO-2 acts as a scaffold for the polymerization of claudins at TJs and plays a unique role in the blood–testis barrier, as well as at TJs of the human liver and the inner ear. ZO-2 movement between the cytoplasm and nucleus is regulated by nuclear localization and exportation signals and post-translation modifications, while ZO-2 arrival at the cell border is triggered by activation of calcium sensing receptors and corresponding downstream signaling. Depending on its location, ZO-2 associates with junctional proteins and the actomyosin cytoskeleton or a variety of nuclear proteins, playing a role as a transcriptional repressor that leads to inhibition of cell proliferation and transformation. ZO-2 regulates cell architecture through modulation of Rho proteins and its absence induces hypertrophy due to inactivation of the Hippo pathway and activation of mTOR and S6K. The interaction of ZO-2 with viral oncoproteins and kinases and its silencing in diverse carcinomas reinforce the view of ZO-2 as a tumor regulator protein.
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