1
|
Li CZ, Ogawa H, Ng SS, Chen X, Kishimoto E, Sakabe K, Fukami A, Hu YC, Mayhew CN, Hellmann J, Miethke A, Tasnova NL, Blackford SJ, Tang ZM, Syanda AM, Ma L, Xiao F, Sambrotta M, Tavabie O, Soares F, Baker O, Danovi D, Hayashi H, Thompson RJ, Rashid ST, Asai A. Human iPSC-derived hepatocyte system models cholestasis with tight junction protein 2 deficiency. JHEP Rep 2022; 4:100446. [PMID: 35284810 PMCID: PMC8904612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims The truncating mutations in tight junction protein 2 (TJP2) cause progressive cholestasis, liver failure, and hepatocyte carcinogenesis. Due to the lack of effective model systems, there are no targeted medications for the liver pathology with TJP2 deficiency. We leveraged the technologies of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and CRISPR genome-editing, and we aim to establish a disease model which recapitulates phenotypes of patients with TJP2 deficiency. Methods We differentiated iPSC to hepatocyte-like cells (iHep) on the Transwell membrane in a polarized monolayer. Immunofluorescent staining of polarity markers was detected by a confocal microscope. The epithelial barrier function and bile acid transport of bile canaliculi were quantified between the two chambers of Transwell. The morphology of bile canaliculi was measured in iHep cultured in the Matrigel sandwich system using a fluorescent probe and live-confocal imaging. Results The iHep differentiated from iPSC with TJP2 mutations exhibited intracellular inclusions of disrupted apical membrane structures, distorted canalicular networks, altered distribution of apical and basolateral markers/transporters. The directional bile acid transport of bile canaliculi was compromised in the mutant hepatocytes, resembling the disease phenotypes observed in the liver of patients. Conclusions Our iPSC-derived in vitro hepatocyte system revealed canalicular membrane disruption in TJP2 deficient hepatocytes and demonstrated the ability to model cholestatic disease with TJP2 deficiency to serve as a platform for further pathophysiologic study and drug discovery. Lay summary We investigated a genetic liver disease, progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC), which causes severe liver disease in newborns and infants due to a lack of gene called TJP2. By using cutting-edge stem cell technology and genome editing methods, we established a novel disease modeling system in cell culture experiments. Our experiments demonstrated that the lack of TJP2 induced abnormal cell polarity and disrupted bile acid transport. These findings will lead to the subsequent investigation to further understand disease mechanisms and develop an effective treatment.
Collapse
Key Words
- ALB, albumin
- ASGR2, asialoglycoprotein receptor 2
- ATP1a1, ATPases subunit alpha-1
- BMP4, bone morphogenetic protein 4
- BSA-FAF, bovine serum albumin fatty acid-free
- BSEP, bile salt export pump
- Bile acid transport
- CDFDA, 5-(and-6)-carboxy-2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein
- Cellular polarity
- DE, definitive endoderm
- DILI, drug-induced liver injury
- FGF2, fibroblast growth factor 2
- GCA, glycocholate
- GCDCA, glycochenodeoxycholate
- HCM, Hepatocyte Culture Medium
- HE, hepatic endodermal
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- HNF4a, hepatic nuclear factor 4a
- MDCKII, Madin–Darby canine kidney II
- MRP2, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2
- NTCP, Na+-TCA cotransporter
- PFIC (progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis)
- PFIC, progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis
- PI, propidium iodide
- RT-qPCR, quantitative reverse transcription PCR
- TCA, taurocholic acid
- TCDCA, taurochenodeoxycholate
- TEER, transepithelial electrical resistance
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- TJP1, tight junction protein 1
- TJP2, tight junction protein 2
- iHep, iPSC-derived hepatocytes
- iPSC, induced pluripotent stem cell
- sgRNA, single-guide RNA
- ssODN, single-stranded oligonucleotide-DNA
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng Li
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Hiromi Ogawa
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Soon Seng Ng
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Xindi Chen
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eriko Kishimoto
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kokoro Sakabe
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Aiko Fukami
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yueh-Chiang Hu
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Hellmann
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alexander Miethke
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nahrin L. Tasnova
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Zu Ming Tang
- Stem Cell Hotel, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Adam M. Syanda
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Liang Ma
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Fang Xiao
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Melissa Sambrotta
- Institute of Liver Studies King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Tavabie
- Institute of Liver Studies King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Oliver Baker
- Genome Editing and Embryology Core Facility, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Davide Danovi
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Hisamitsu Hayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - S. Tamir Rashid
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Akihiro Asai
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang X, Han Y, Huang W, Jin M, Gao Z. The influence of the gut microbiota on the bioavailability of oral drugs. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1789-1812. [PMID: 34386321 PMCID: PMC8343123 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its safety, convenience, low cost and good compliance, oral administration attracts lots of attention. However, the efficacy of many oral drugs is limited to their unsatisfactory bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract. One of the critical and most overlooked factors is the symbiotic gut microbiota that can modulate the bioavailability of oral drugs by participating in the biotransformation of oral drugs, influencing the drug transport process and altering some gastrointestinal properties. In this review, we summarized the existing research investigating the possible relationship between the gut microbiota and the bioavailability of oral drugs, which may provide great ideas and useful instructions for the design of novel drug delivery systems or the achievement of personalized medicine.
Collapse
Key Words
- 5-ASA, 5-aminosalicylic acid
- AA, ascorbic acid
- ABC, ATP-binding cassette
- ACS, amphipathic chitosan derivative
- AMI, amiodarone
- AQP4, aquaporin 4
- AR, azoreductase
- ASP, amisulpride
- BBR, berberine
- BCRP, breast cancer resistance protein
- BCS, biopharmaceutics classification system
- BDDCS, the biopharmaceutics drug disposition classification system
- BDEPT, the bacteria-directed enzyme prodrug therapy
- BSH, bile salt hydrolase
- Bioavailability
- CA, cholic acid
- CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid
- CPP, cell-penetrating peptide
- CS, chitosan
- Colon-specific drug delivery system
- DCA, deoxycholic acid
- DRPs, digoxin reduction products
- EcN, Escherichia coli Nissle 1917
- FA, folate
- FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
- GCDC, glycochenodeoxycholate
- GL, glycyrrhizic acid
- Gut microbiota
- HFD, high fat diet
- HTC, hematocrit
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- LCA, lithocholic acid
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MATEs, multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins
- MDR1, multidrug resistance gene 1
- MDR1a, multidrug resistance protein-1a
- MKC, monoketocholic acid
- MPA, mycophenolic acid
- MRP2, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2
- NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis
- NMEs, new molecular entities
- NRs, nitroreductases
- NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- NaDC, sodium deoxycholate
- NaGC, sodium glycholate
- OATs, organic anion transporters
- OCTNs, organic zwitterion/cation
- OCTs, organic cation transporters
- Oral drugs
- P-gp, P-glycoprotein
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PPIs, proton pump inhibitors
- PT, pectin
- PWSDs, poorly water-soluble drugs
- Probiotics
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- RBC, red blood cell
- SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids
- SGLT-1, sodium-coupled glucose transporter 1
- SLC, solute carrier
- SLN, solid lipid nanoparticle
- SP, sulfapyridine
- SSZ, sulfasalazine
- SVCT-1/2, the sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter-1/2
- T1D, type 1 diabetes
- T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
- TCA, taurocholate
- TCDC, taurochenodeoxycholate
- TDCA, taurodeoxycholate
- TLCA, taurolithocholate
- TME, the tumor microenvironment
- UDC, ursodeoxycholic acid
- WHO, World Health Organization
- an OTC drug, an over-the-counter drug
- cgr operon, cardiac glycoside reductase operon
- dhBBR, dihydroberberine
- pKa, dissociation constant
- the GI tract, the gastrointestinal tract
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mingji Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhonggao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kizawa H, Nagao E, Shimamura M, Zhang G, Torii H. Scaffold-free 3D bio-printed human liver tissue stably maintains metabolic functions useful for drug discovery. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 10:186-91. [PMID: 28955746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a central role in metabolism. Although many studies have described in vitro liver models for drug discovery, to date, no model has been described that can stably maintain liver function. Here, we used a unique, scaffold-free 3D bio-printing technology to construct a small portion of liver tissue that could stably maintain drug, glucose, and lipid metabolism, in addition to bile acid secretion. This bio-printed normal human liver tissue maintained expression of several kinds of hepatic drug transporters and metabolic enzymes that functioned for several weeks. The bio-printed liver tissue displayed glucose production via cAMP/protein kinase A signaling, which could be suppressed with insulin. Bile acid secretion was also observed from the printed liver tissue, and it accumulated in the culture medium over time. We observed both bile duct and sinusoid-like structures in the bio-printed liver tissue, which suggested that bile acid secretion occurred via a sinusoid-hepatocyte-bile duct route. These results demonstrated that our bio-printed liver tissue was unique, because it exerted diverse liver metabolic functions for several weeks. In future, we expect our bio-printed liver tissue to be applied to developing new models that can be used to improve preclinical predictions of long-term toxicity in humans, generate novel targets for metabolic liver disease, and evaluate biliary excretion in drug development.
Collapse
Key Words
- 3D
- 8CPT-cAMP, 8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate
- Bio-printing
- Dex, Dexamethasone
- Drug discovery
- ECM, Extracellular matrix
- HE, hematoxylin and eosin
- Liver
- MRP2, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2
- MT, Masson's trichrome
- Metabolism
- NAFLD, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- OAT, organic anion-transporting
- Scaffold-free
- TUNEL, TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling
Collapse
|
4
|
Ding L, Yang L, Wang Z, Huang W. Bile acid nuclear receptor FXR and digestive system diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2015; 5:135-44. [PMID: 26579439 PMCID: PMC4629217 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are not only digestive surfactants but also important cell signaling molecules, which stimulate several signaling pathways to regulate some important biological processes. The bile-acid-activated nuclear receptor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), plays a pivotal role in regulating bile acid, lipid and glucose homeostasis as well as in regulating the inflammatory responses, barrier function and prevention of bacterial translocation in the intestinal tract. As expected, FXR is involved in the pathophysiology of a wide range of diseases of gastrointestinal tract, including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer and type 2 diabetes. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of the roles of FXR in physiology of the digestive system and the related diseases. Better understanding of the roles of FXR in digestive system will accelerate the development of FXR ligands/modulators for the treatment of digestive system diseases.
Collapse
Key Words
- 6-ECDCA, 6α-ethyl-chenodeoxycholic acid
- AF2, activation domain
- ANGTPL3, angiopoietin-like protein 3
- AOM, azoxymethane
- AP-1, activator protein-1
- ASBT, apical sodium-dependent bile salt transporter
- Apo, apolipoprotein
- BAAT, bile acid-CoA amino acid N-acetyltransferase
- BACS, bile acid-CoA synthetase
- BAs, bile acids
- BMI, body mass index
- BSEP, bile salt export pump
- Bile acids
- CA, cholic acid
- CD, Crohn׳s disease
- CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid
- CREB, cAMP regulatory element-binding protein
- CYP7A1, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase
- Colorectal cancer
- DBD, DNA binding domain
- DCA, deoxycholic acid
- DSS, dextrane sodium sulfate
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- FABP6, fatty acid-binding protein subclass 6
- FFAs, free fatty acids
- FGF19, fibroblast growth factor 19
- FGFR4, fibroblast growth factor receptor 4
- FXR, farnesoid X receptor
- FXRE, farnesoid X receptor response element
- Farnesoid X receptor
- G6Pase, glucose-6-phosphatase
- GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1
- GLUT2, glucose transporter type 2
- GPBAR, G protein-coupled BA receptor
- GPCRs, G protein-coupled receptors
- GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase 3
- Gastrointestinal tract
- HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HNF4α, hepatic nuclear factor 4α
- I-BABP, intestinal bile acid-binding protein
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IL-1, interleukin 1
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- KLF11, Krüppel-like factor 11
- KRAS, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
- LBD, ligand binding domain
- LCA, lithocholic acid
- LPL, lipoprotein lipase
- LRH-1, liver receptor homolog-1
- MCA, muricholicacid
- MRP2, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B
- NOD, non-obese diabetic
- NRs, nuclear receptors
- OSTα, organic solute transporter alpha
- OSTβ, organic solute transporter beta
- PEPCK, phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase
- PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ coactivator protein-1α
- SHP, small heterodimer partner
- SREBP-1c, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c
- STAT3, signal transducers and activators of transcription 3
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
- TLCA, taurolithocholic acid
- TNBS, trinitrobenzensulfonic acid
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factors α
- Type 2 diabetes
- UC, ulcerative colitis
- UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid
- VSG, vertical sleeve gastrectomy
- db/db, diabetic mice
Collapse
|