1
|
Löfgren M, Sandström A, Bileviciute-Ljungar I, Mannerkorpi K, Gerdle B, Ernberg M, Fransson P, Kosek E. The effects of a 15-week physical exercise intervention on pain modulation in fibromyalgia: Increased pain-related processing within the cortico-striatal- occipital networks, but no improvement of exercise-induced hypoalgesia. Neurobiol Pain 2023; 13:100114. [PMID: 36660198 PMCID: PMC9843267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2023.100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctional top-down pain modulation is a hallmark of fibromyalgia (FM) and physical exercise is a cornerstone in FM treatment. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of a 15-week intervention of strengthening exercises, twice per week, supervised by a physiotherapist, on exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) and cerebral pain processing in FM patients and healthy controls (HC). FM patients (n = 59) and HC (n = 39) who completed the exercise intervention as part of a multicenter study were examined at baseline and following the intervention. Following the exercise intervention, FM patients reported a reduction of pain intensity, fibromyalgia severity and depression. Reduced EIH was seen in FM patients compared to HC at baseline and no improvement of EIH was seen following the 15-week resistance exercise intervention in either group. Furthermore, a subsample (Stockholm site: FM n = 18; HC n = 19) was also examined with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during subjectively calibrated thumbnail pressure pain stimulations at baseline and following intervention. A significant main effect of exercise (post > pre) was observed both in FM patients and HC, in pain-related brain activation within left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and caudate, as well as increased functional connectivity between caudate and occipital lobe bordering cerebellum (driven by the FM patients). In conclusion, the results indicate that 15-week resistance exercise affect pain-related processing within the cortico-striatal-occipital networks (involved in motor control and cognition), rather than directly influencing top-down descending pain inhibition. In alignment with this, exercise-induced hypoalgesia remained unaltered.
Collapse
Key Words
- AAL, Automated Anatomical Labeling
- ACR, American College of Rheumatology
- CNS, central nervous system
- CPM, conditioned pain modulation
- EIH, exercise-induced hypoalgesia
- Exercise induced hypoalgesia
- Exercise intervention
- FD, Frame-wise displacement
- FEW, family-wise error
- FIQ, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire
- FM, fibromyalgia
- FOV, field of view
- FWHM, full-width-half-maximum
- Fibromyalgia
- Functional connectivity
- Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
- GLM, general linear model
- HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
- HC, healthy controls
- MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute
- MVC, maximum voluntary contraction force
- NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- P50, pressure stimuli corresponding to a pain rating of 50mm on a 100 mm VAS
- PPI, psychophysiological interaction
- PPTs, pressure pain thresholds
- Pressure pain
- RM, repetition maximum
- SM, stimulation maximum
- SPM, Statistical Parametric Mapping
- T1, longitudinal relaxation time
- T2, transverse relaxation time
- TR/TE, time repetition/time echo
- VAS, visual analogue scale
- VOI, volume of interest
- dlPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
- fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging
- rACC, rostral anterior cingulate cortex
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Löfgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm SE-182 88, Sweden
| | - Angelica Sandström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden,Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm SE-171 78, Sweden,Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Indre Bileviciute-Ljungar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm SE-182 88, Sweden
| | - Kaisa Mannerkorpi
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy Unit, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg SE- 413 90, Sweden
| | - Björn Gerdle
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping SE-581 83, Sweden
| | - Malin Ernberg
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Scandinavian Centre for Orofacial Neurosciences, Huddinge SE-141 04, Sweden
| | - Peter Fransson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden,Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm SE-171 78, Sweden
| | - Eva Kosek
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden,Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm SE-171 78, Sweden,Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE- 752 36, Sweden,Corresponding author at: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Generali E, Carrara G, Bortoluzzi A, De Santis M, Ceribelli A, Scirè CA, Selmi C. Non-adherence and discontinuation rate for oral and parenteral methotrexate: A retrospective-cohort study in 8,952 patients with psoriatic arthritis. J Transl Autoimmun 2021; 4:100113. [PMID: 35005587 PMCID: PMC8716656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2021.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Treatment options for PsA, following non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), include conventional synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDS), particularly methotrexate (MTX). The present study was performed to determine the non-adherence and discontinuation rates of different methotrexate (MTX) formulations in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). APPROACH AND RESULTS We performed a retrospective-cohort study on patients with PsA identified by disease-specific code in the administrative-health-databases of a Northern Italian region (Lombardy) between 2004 and 2015. Subjects were defined as non-adherent if less than 80% of the prescribed MTX dose was taken based on the time between each prescription. Discontinuation rates were calculated using the time between the first and the last MTX prescription over an observation period of 120 months. Among 8952 patients with PsA, 33% were treated with MTX (mean dosage 10 mg/week ± 2.5 mg standard deviation), more frequently (59%) in its parenteral formulation at a 10 mg weekly dosage (35%). Oral glucocorticoids were prescribed to 21% of patients, while non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to 45%. Approximately 37% of patients with PsA were defined as non-adherent to MTX, with the oral formulation associated with an increased risk of non-adherence (hazard ratio 2.08, 95% confidence interval 1.84-2.35, p < 0.001) compared with parenteral 10-15 mg weekly doses. Oral MTX was discontinued in 52% of cases without a significantly increased risk of discontinuation compared to parenteral formulations which, at higher dosages, had a more favorable retention rate. CONCLUSION Oral MTX formulation is associated with a 2-fold risk of non-adherence compared to MTX parenteral route in PsA.
Collapse
Key Words
- Adherence
- HCQ, hydroxychloroquine
- HR, Hazard ratio
- IQR, inter-quartile range
- LEF, leflunomide
- MTX, methotrexate
- Methotrexate
- NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- OGC, oral glucocorticoids
- Oral
- Parenteral
- PsA, psoriatic arthritis
- PsO, psoriasis
- Psoriatic arthritis
- Retention rate
- SSZ, sulfasalazine
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- list: csDMARDs, conventional synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Generali
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Greta Carrara
- Epidemiology Unit, Italian Society for Rheumatology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maria De Santis
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Ceribelli
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo A. Scirè
- Epidemiology Unit, Italian Society for Rheumatology, Milan, Italy
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang X, Han Y, Huang W, Jin M, Gao Z. The influence of the gut microbiota on the bioavailability of oral drugs. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1789-1812. [PMID: 34386321 PMCID: PMC8343123 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its safety, convenience, low cost and good compliance, oral administration attracts lots of attention. However, the efficacy of many oral drugs is limited to their unsatisfactory bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract. One of the critical and most overlooked factors is the symbiotic gut microbiota that can modulate the bioavailability of oral drugs by participating in the biotransformation of oral drugs, influencing the drug transport process and altering some gastrointestinal properties. In this review, we summarized the existing research investigating the possible relationship between the gut microbiota and the bioavailability of oral drugs, which may provide great ideas and useful instructions for the design of novel drug delivery systems or the achievement of personalized medicine.
Collapse
Key Words
- 5-ASA, 5-aminosalicylic acid
- AA, ascorbic acid
- ABC, ATP-binding cassette
- ACS, amphipathic chitosan derivative
- AMI, amiodarone
- AQP4, aquaporin 4
- AR, azoreductase
- ASP, amisulpride
- BBR, berberine
- BCRP, breast cancer resistance protein
- BCS, biopharmaceutics classification system
- BDDCS, the biopharmaceutics drug disposition classification system
- BDEPT, the bacteria-directed enzyme prodrug therapy
- BSH, bile salt hydrolase
- Bioavailability
- CA, cholic acid
- CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid
- CPP, cell-penetrating peptide
- CS, chitosan
- Colon-specific drug delivery system
- DCA, deoxycholic acid
- DRPs, digoxin reduction products
- EcN, Escherichia coli Nissle 1917
- FA, folate
- FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
- GCDC, glycochenodeoxycholate
- GL, glycyrrhizic acid
- Gut microbiota
- HFD, high fat diet
- HTC, hematocrit
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- LCA, lithocholic acid
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MATEs, multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins
- MDR1, multidrug resistance gene 1
- MDR1a, multidrug resistance protein-1a
- MKC, monoketocholic acid
- MPA, mycophenolic acid
- MRP2, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2
- NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis
- NMEs, new molecular entities
- NRs, nitroreductases
- NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- NaDC, sodium deoxycholate
- NaGC, sodium glycholate
- OATs, organic anion transporters
- OCTNs, organic zwitterion/cation
- OCTs, organic cation transporters
- Oral drugs
- P-gp, P-glycoprotein
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PPIs, proton pump inhibitors
- PT, pectin
- PWSDs, poorly water-soluble drugs
- Probiotics
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- RBC, red blood cell
- SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids
- SGLT-1, sodium-coupled glucose transporter 1
- SLC, solute carrier
- SLN, solid lipid nanoparticle
- SP, sulfapyridine
- SSZ, sulfasalazine
- SVCT-1/2, the sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter-1/2
- T1D, type 1 diabetes
- T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
- TCA, taurocholate
- TCDC, taurochenodeoxycholate
- TDCA, taurodeoxycholate
- TLCA, taurolithocholate
- TME, the tumor microenvironment
- UDC, ursodeoxycholic acid
- WHO, World Health Organization
- an OTC drug, an over-the-counter drug
- cgr operon, cardiac glycoside reductase operon
- dhBBR, dihydroberberine
- pKa, dissociation constant
- the GI tract, the gastrointestinal tract
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mingji Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhonggao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aly E, Masocha W. Targeting the endocannabinoid system for management of HIV-associated neuropathic pain: A systematic review. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2021; 10:109-118. [PMID: 34179865 PMCID: PMC8211923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and antiretroviral therapy can independently induce HIV-associated neuropathic pain (HIV-NP). There is a dearth of drugs or therapeutic modalities that can alleviate HIV-NP. Smoked cannabis has been reported to improve pain measures in patients with neuropathic pain. Cannabis, phytocannabinoids, and the endocannabinoids such N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide; AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), produce some of their effects via cannabinoid receptors (CBRs). Endocannabinoids are degraded by various enzymes such as fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, clinicaltrials.gov and clinicaltrialsregister.eu using various key words and their combinations for published papers that studied HIV-NP and cannabis, cannabinoids, or endocannabinoids up to 27th December 2020. All original research articles that evaluated the efficacy of molecules that modulate the endocannabinoid system (ECS) for the prevention and/or treatment of pain in HIV-NP animal models and patients with HIV-NP were included. The PubMed search produced a total of 117 articles, whereas the Google Scholar search produced a total of 9467 articles. Amongst the 13 articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria 11 articles were found in both searches whereas 2 articles were found in Google Scholar only. The clinicaltrials.gov and clinicaltrialsregister.eu searches produced five registered trials of which three were completed and with results. Ten preclinical studies found that the endocannabinoids (2-AG and AEA), synthetic mixed CB1R/CB2R agonist WIN 55,212-2, a CB2R-selective phytocannabinoid β-caryophyllene, synthetic CB2R-selective agonists (AM1710, JWH015, JWH133 and Gp1a, but not HU308); FAAH inhibitors (palmitoylallylamide, URB597 and PF-3845) and a drug combination of indomethacin plus minocycline, which produces its effects in a CBR-dependent manner, either prevented the development of and/or attenuated established HIV-NP. Two clinical trials demonstrated greater efficacy of smoked cannabis over placebo in alleviating HIV-NP, whereas another clinical trial demonstrated that cannabidivarin, a cannabinoid that does not activate CBRs, did not reduce HIV-NP. The available preclinical results suggest that targeting the ECS for prevention and treatment of HIV-NP is a plausible therapeutic option. Clinical evidence shows that smoked cannabis alleviates HIV-NP. Further research is needed to find out if non-psychoactive drugs that target the ECS and are delivered by other routes than smoking could be useful as treatment options for HIV-NP.
Collapse
Key Words
- 2-AG, 2-arachidonoylglycerol
- ABHD12, α-β-hydrolase domain-containing 12
- ABHD6, α-β-hydrolase domain-containing 6
- AEA, N-arachidonoylethanolamine
- AEs, adverse effects
- Antiretroviral
- BCP, β-caryophyllene
- CB1R, cannabinoid type 1 receptor
- CB2R, cannabinoid type 2 receptor
- CBD, cannabidiol
- CBDV, cannabidivarin
- CBRs, cannabinoid receptors
- CINP, chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain
- CNS, central nervous system
- COX, cyclooxygenase
- Cannabinoid
- Cannabis
- DAG, diacylglycerol
- DAGL, DAG lipase
- DDS, descriptor differential scale
- DSP, distal symmetric polyneuropathy
- ECS, endocannabinoid system
- Endocannabinoid
- FAAH, fatty acid amide hydrolase
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- GPCRs, G protein-coupled receptors
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- HIV-DSP, HIV-distal symmetric polyneuropathy
- HIV-NP, HIV-associated neuropathic pain
- Human immunodeficiency virus
- IPM, indomethacin plus minocycline
- L-29, palmitoylallylamide
- MAGL, monoacylglycerol lipase
- MAIDS, murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- NAPE, N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine
- NAPE-PLD, NAPE-specific phospholipase D
- NP, neuropathic pain
- NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- Neuropathic pain
- OTC, over the counter
- PLWH, people living with HIV
- PNP, peripheral neuropathic pain
- RCTs, randomised clinical trials
- SAMRC, South African Medical Research Council
- TRPA, transient receptor potential ankyrin
- TRPV, transient receptor potential vanilloid
- WHO, World Health Organization
- ddC, 2′-3′-dideoxycytidine
- delta-9-THC, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
- gp, glycoprotein
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esraa Aly
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Willias Masocha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo H, Yin W, Zou Z, Zhang C, Sun M, Min L, Yang L, Kong L. Quercitrin alleviates cartilage extracellular matrix degradation and delays ACLT rat osteoarthritis development: An in vivo and in vitro study. J Adv Res 2021; 28:255-267. [PMID: 33364061 PMCID: PMC7753236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Disruptions of extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation homeostasis play a significant role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) and collagen Ⅱ are important components of ECM. Earlier we found that quercitrin could significantly decrease MMP13 gene expression and increase collagen Ⅱ gene expression in IL-1β-induced rat chondrocytes and human chondrosarcoma (SW1353) cells. Objectives: The effects and mechanism of quercitrin on OA were explored. Methods: Molecular mechanisms of quercitrin on OA were studied in vitro in primary chondrocytes and SW1353 cells. An anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) rat model of OA was used to investigate the effect of quercitrin in vivo. Micro-CT analysis and Safranin O-Fast Green Staining of knee joint samples were performed to observe the damage degree of tibial subchondral bone. Immunohistochemistry of knee joint samples were conducted to observe the protein level of MMP13, collagen Ⅱ and p110α in articular cartilage. Results: In vitro, quercitrin promoted cell proliferation and delayed ECM degradation by regulating MMP13 and collagen II gene and protein expressions. Moreover, quercitrin activated the Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p110α (p110α)/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by targeting p110α. We also firstly showed that the gene expression level of p110α was remarkably decreased in cartilage of OA patients. The results showed that intra-articular injection of quercitrin increased bone volume/tissue volume of tibial subchondral bone and cartilage thickness and reduced the Osteoarthritis Research Society International scores in OA rats. Meanwhile, immunohistochemical results showed that quercitrin exerted anti-OA effect by delaying ECM degradation. Conclusion: These findings suggested that quercitrin may be a prospective disease-modifying OA drug for prevention and treatment of early stage OA.
Collapse
Key Words
- ACLT, anterior cruciate ligament transection
- BV/TV, bone volume/tissue volume
- DMOAD, disease-modifying OA drug
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- Extracellular matrix degradation
- MMP13
- MMP13, matrix metalloproteinase 13
- NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- OA, osteoarthritis
- OARSI, Osteoarthritis Research Society International
- Osteoarthritis
- PI3K, Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p110α
- Quercitrin
- p110α, Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p110α
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanli Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Weifeng Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ziling Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Minghui Sun
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lingtian Min
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zeng F, Li S, Yang G, Luo Y, Qi T, Liang Y, Yang T, Zhang L, Wang R, Zhu L, Li H, Xu X. Design, synthesis, molecular modeling, and biological evaluation of acrylamide derivatives as potent inhibitors of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 11:S2211-3835(20)30759-0. [PMID: 33078092 PMCID: PMC7558257 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a viable target for the development of therapeutics to treat cancer and immunological diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis and multiple sclerosis (MS). Herein, a series of acrylamide-based novel DHODH inhibitors as potential RA treatment agents were designed and synthesized. 2-Acrylamidobenzoic acid analog 11 was identified as the lead compound for structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. The replacement of the phenyl group with naphthyl moieties improved inhibitory activity significantly to double-digit nanomolar range. Further structure optimization revealed that an acrylamide with small hydrophobic groups (Me, Cl or Br) at the 2-position was preferred. Moreover, adding a fluoro atom at the 5-position of the benzoic acid enhanced the potency. The optimization efforts led to potent compounds 42 and 53‒55 with IC50 values of 41, 44, 32, and 42 nmol/L, respectively. The most potent compound 54 also displayed favorable pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles and encouraging in vivo anti-arthritic effects in a dose-dependent manner.
Collapse
Key Words
- AML, acute myeloid leukemia
- Acrylamide derivatives
- BPO, benzoyl peroxide
- CIA, collagen-induced arthritis
- DCE, 1,2-dichloroethane
- DCM, dichloromethane
- DHODH
- DHODH inhibitors
- DHODH, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase
- DMAP, 4-dimethylaminopyridine
- DMARDs, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
- DMF, N,N-dimethylformamide
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis
- EA, ethyl acetate
- FMN, flavin mononucleotide
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- HRMS, high-resolution mass spectrometry
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- LAH, lithium aluminium hydride
- LCMS, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
- MS, multiple sclerosis
- MeOH, methanol
- NBS, N-bromosuccinimide
- NCS, N-chlorosuccinimide
- NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- PDA, photodiode array detector
- PE, petroleum ether
- PK, pharmacokinetic
- PhMe, toluene
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- SEL, systemic lupus erythematosus
- TEA, triethylamine
- TFA, trifluoroacetic acid
- THF, tetrahydrofuran
- TsCl, tosyl chloride
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanxun Zeng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shiliang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guantian Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yating Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Tiantian Qi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yingfan Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Tingyuan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Letian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaoyong Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Piotrowski I, Kulcenty K, Suchorska W. Interplay between inflammation and cancer. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2020; 25:422-427. [PMID: 32372882 PMCID: PMC7191124 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-promoting inflammation is one of the hallmarks of cancer. It has been shown that cancer development is strongly influenced by both chronic and acute inflammation process. Progress in research on inflammation revealed a connection between inflammatory processes and neoplastic transformation, the progression of tumour, and the development of metastases and recurrences. Moreover, the tumour invasive procedures (both surgery and biopsy) affect the remaining tumour cells by increasing their survival, proliferation and migration. One of the concepts explaining this phenomena is an induction of a wound healing response. While in normal tissue it is necessary for tissue repair, in tumour tissue, induction of adaptive and innate immune response related to wound healing, stimulates tumour cell survival, angiogenesis and extravasation of circulating tumour cells. It has become evident that certain types of immune response and immune cells can promote tumour progression more than others. In this review, we focus on current knowledge on carcinogenesis and promotion of cancer growth induced by inflammatory processes.
Collapse
Key Words
- ANGPTL4, angiopoietin-like 4
- CDH1, cadherin 1
- COX, cyclooxygenase
- Cancer
- EMT, epithelail to mesenchymal transition
- EP, receptor - prostaglandin receptor
- GI, gastrointensinal cancer
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- Inflammation
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- NADPH, nicotynamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen
- NFκB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NK, natural killer cells
- NO, nitric oxide
- NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- PGE2, prostaglandin E2
- PTHrP, parathyroid hormone related protein
- RNS, reactive nitrogen species
- ROS, reactive oxigen species
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor β
- TGFBRII, transforming growth factor, beta receptor II
- TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor α
- TNFR1, Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1
- TNFR2, Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2
- Tumor reccurence
- VEGF, vascular endothelail growth factor
- bFGF, fibroblast growth factor
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Piotrowski
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15 Street, 61-866 Poznań, Poland.,Department of Electroradiology, University of Medical Sciences, Garbary 15 Street, 61-866 Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kulcenty
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15 Street, 61-866 Poznań, Poland.,Department of Electroradiology, University of Medical Sciences, Garbary 15 Street, 61-866 Poznań, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Suchorska
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15 Street, 61-866 Poznań, Poland.,Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15 Street, 61-866 Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ahmad A, Mishra RK, Vyawahare A, Kumar A, Rehman MU, Qamar W, Khan AQ, Khan R. Thymoquinone (2-Isoprpyl-5-methyl-1, 4-benzoquinone) as a chemopreventive/anticancer agent: Chemistry and biological effects. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:1113-26. [PMID: 31885471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains the topmost disorders of the mankind and number of cases is unceasingly growing at unprecedented rates. Although the synthetic anti-cancer compounds still hold the largest market in the modern treatment of cancer, natural agents have always been tried and tested for potential anti-cancer properties. Thymoquinone (TQ), a monoterpene and main ingredient in the essential oil of Nigella sativa L. has got very eminent rankings in the traditional systems of medicine for its anti-cancer pharmacological properties. In this review we summarized the diverse aspects of TQ including its chemistry, biosynthesis, sources and pharmacological properties with a major concern being attributed to its anti-cancer efficacies. The role of TQ in different aspects involved in the pathogenesis of cancer like inflammation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, proliferation, invasion and migration have been described. The mechanism of action of TQ in different cancer types has been briefly accounted. Other safety and toxicological aspects and some combination therapies involving TQ have also been touched. A detailed literature search was carried out using various online search engines like google scholar and pubmed regarding the available research and review accounts on thymoquinone upto may 2019. All the articles reporting significant addition to the activities of thymoquinone were selected. Additional information was acquired from ethno botanical literature focusing on thymoquinone. The compound has been the centre of attention for a long time period and researched regularly in quite considerable numbers for its various physicochemical, medicinal, biological and pharmacological perspectives. Thymoquinone is studied for various chemical and pharmacological activities and demonstrated promising anti-cancer potential. The reviewed reports confirmed the strong anti-cancer efficacy of thymoquinone. Further in-vitro and in-vivo research is strongly warranted regarding the complete exploration of thymoquinone in ethnopharmacological context.
Collapse
Key Words
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- APC, adenomatous polyposis coli
- Anti-cancer therapeutics
- CDDP, cisplatin
- CDKs, cyclin-dependent kinases
- EMT, epithelial to mesenchymal transition
- FGFs, fibroblast growth factors
- FTIR, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
- GBM, glioblastoma multiforme
- HPDE, human pancreatic ductal epithelial cells
- IUPAC, international union of pure and applied chemistry
- LKB1, liver kinase B1
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MC-A, myrtucommulone-A
- NLCs, nanostructured lipid carriers
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- Natural compounds
- OEC, oral epithelial cells
- PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen
- PXRD, powder x-ray diffraction
- Phytopharmaceuticals
- Plant products
- RES, resveratrol
- RNS, reactive nitrogen species
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SCLC, small cell lung carcinoma
- SLNs, solid lipid nanoparticles
- THQ, thymohydroquinone
- TMZ, temozolomide
- TNBC, triple negative breast cancer
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- TQ, thymoquinone
- Thymoquinone
- UMSCC, university of Michigan squamous cell carcinoma
- USD, United States Dollar
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- WHO, world health organization
- XIAP, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein
- eEF-2K, elongation factor 2 kinase
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou F, Mei J, Han X, Li H, Yang S, Wang M, Chu L, Qiao H, Tang T. Kinsenoside attenuates osteoarthritis by repolarizing macrophages through inactivating NF- κB/MAPK signaling and protecting chondrocytes. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:973-85. [PMID: 31649847 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the effect of kinsenoside (Kin) treatments on macrophage polarity and evaluate the resulting protection of chondrocytes to attenuate osteoarthritis (OA) progression. RAW264.7 macrophages were polarized to M1/M2 subtypes then administered with different concentrations of Kin. The polarization transitions were evaluated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), confocal observation and flow cytometry analysis. The mechanism of Kin repolarizing M1 macrophages was evaluated by Western blot. Further, macrophage conditioned medium (CM) and IL-1β were administered to chondrocytes. Micro-CT scanning and histological observations were conducted in vivo on anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) mice with or without Kin treatment. We found that Kin repolarized M1 macrophages to the M2 phenotype. Mechanistically, Kin inhibited the phosphorylation of IκBα, which further reduced the downstream phosphorylation of P65 in nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling. Moreover, Kin inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling molecules p-JNK, p-ERK and p-P38. Additionally, Kin attenuated macrophage CM and IL-1β-induced chondrocyte damage. In vivo, Kin reduced the infiltration of M1 macrophages, promoted M2 macrophages in the synovium, inhibited subchondral bone destruction and reduced articular cartilage damage induced by ACLT. All the results indicated that Kin is an effective therapeutic candidate for OA treatment.
Collapse
Key Words
- AP-1, activator protein-1
- Arg-1, arginase-1
- BV, bone volume
- BV/TV, bone volume/total tissue volume
- C/EBP β, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β
- CM, conditioned medium
- Chondrocytes
- DMEM, Dulbecco׳s minimum essential medium
- GA, gouty arthritis
- H&E, hematoxylin & eosin
- HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- IFN-γ, interferon-γ
- IRF4, interferon regulatory factor 4
- Kin, kinsenoside
- Kinsenoside
- LPS, lipopolysaccharides
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinases
- MSU, monosodium urate
- Macrophages
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- OA, osteoarthritis
- OARSI, Osteoarthritis Research Society International
- Osteoarthritis
- PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
- Polarization
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- S&F, safranin O-fast green
- TLRs, toll-like receptors
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- Tb.N, trabecular number
- Tb.Sp, trabecular separation
- Tb.Th, trabecular thickness
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
Collapse
|
10
|
Tiwari M. The role of serratiopeptidase in the resolution of inflammation. Asian J Pharm Sci 2017; 12:209-15. [PMID: 32104332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation remains a key event during most of the diseases and physiological imbalance. Acute inflammation is an essential physiological event by immune system for a protective measure to remove cause of inflammation and failure of resolution lead to chronic inflammation. Over a period of time, a number of drugs mostly chemical have been deployed to combat acute and chronic inflammation. Recently, enzyme based anti-inflammatory drugs became popular over conventional chemical based drugs. Serratiopeptidase, a proteolytic enzyme from trypsin family, possesses tremendous scope in combating inflammation. Serine protease possesses a higher affinity for cyclooxygenase (COX-I and COX-II), a key enzyme associated with production of different inflammatory mediators including interleukins (IL), prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxane (TXs) etc. Currently, arthritis, sinusitis, bronchitis, fibrocystic breast disease, and carpal tunnel syndrome, etc. are the leading inflammatory disorders that affected the entire the globe. In order to conquer inflammation, both acute and chronic world, physician mostly relies on conventional drugs. The most common drugs to combat acute inflammation are Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) alone and or in combination with other drugs. However, during chronic inflammation, NSAIDs are often used with steroidal drugs such as autoimmune disorders. These drugs possess several limitations such as side effects, ADR, etc. In order to overcome these limitations and complications, enzyme based drugs (anti-inflammatory) emerged, and aim for a new high since the last decade. Serine protease, the largest proteolytic family has been reported for several therapeutic applications, including anti-inflammatory. Serratiopeptidase is a leading enzyme which has a very long history in medical as an effective anti-inflammatory drug. Current study emphasizes present scenario and future prospect of serratiopeptidase as an anti-inflammatory drug. The study also illustrates a comparative analysis of conventional drugs and enzyme based therapeutic to combat inflammation.
Collapse
Key Words
- ADR, adverse drug reaction
- ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- COX, cyclooxygenase
- Cyclooxygenase
- EC, enzyme commission
- Enzyme therapeutics
- IL, interleukins
- Inflammation
- LOX, lipoxygenase
- NSAIDs
- NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- PGs, prostaglandins
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- SPMs, specialized pro-resolvins mediators
- Serratiopeptidase
- Steroids
- TXs, thromboxane
- t-PA, tissue plasminogen activator
Collapse
|
11
|
Frederick ED, Hausburg MA, Thomas GW, Rael LT, Brody E, Bar-Or D. The low molecular weight fraction of human serum albumin upregulates COX2, prostaglandin E2, and prostaglandin D2 under inflammatory conditions in osteoarthritic knee synovial fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 8:68-74. [PMID: 28955943 PMCID: PMC5613771 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ability to decrease inflammation and promote healing is important in the intervention and management of a variety of disease states, including osteoarthritis of the knee (OAK). Even though cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) has an established pro-inflammatory role, evidence suggests it is also critical to the resolution that occurs after the initial activation phase of the immune response. In this study, we investigated the effects of the low molecular weight fraction of 5% human serum albumin (LMWF-5A), an agent that has proven to decrease pain and improve function in OAK patients after intra-articular injection, on the expression of COX2 and its downstream products, prostaglandins (PGs). Methods Fibroblast-like synoviocytes from the synovial membrane of OAK patients were treated with LMWF-5A or saline as a control with or without the addition of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) to elicit an inflammatory response. Cells were harvested for RNA and protein at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h, and media was collected at 24 h for analysis of secreted products. COX2 mRNA expression was determined by qPCR, and COX2 protein expression was determined by western blot analysis. Levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) in the media were quantified by competitive ELISA. Results In the presence of either IL-1β or TNFα, LMWF-5A increased the expression of both COX2 mRNA and protein, and this increase was significant compared to that observed with IL-1β- or TNFα-stimulated, saline-treated cells. Downstream of COX2, the levels of PGE2 were increased only in TNFα-stimulated, LMWF-5A-treated cells; however, in both IL-1β- and TNFα-stimulated cells, LMWF-5A increased the release of the anti-inflammatory prostaglandin PGD2. Conclusion LMWF-5A appears to trigger increased anti-inflammatory PG signaling, and this may be a primary component of its therapeutic mode of action in the treatment of OAK. Proposed mechanism of action for biologic drug to treat osteoarthritis of the knee. LMWF-5A affects the COX2 pathway in primary synoviocytes from osteoarthritic knees. LMWF-5A may promote resolution of inflammation, healing, and cartilage regeneration.
Collapse
Key Words
- 15d-PGJ2, 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2
- COX, cyclooxygenase
- Cyclooxygenase 2
- DMEM/F12, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium/Nutrient Mixture F-12
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- HSA, human serum albumin
- HSF-OAs, human synovial fibroblasts from patients with osteoarthritis
- Human serum albumin
- IL, interleukin
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- Inflammation
- LMWF-5A, molecular weight fraction of human serum albumin under 5000 Da
- LOD, limit of detection
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- OA, osteoarthritis
- OAK, osteoarthritis of the knee
- Osteoarthritis
- PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PG, prostaglandin
- PGD2, prostaglandin D2
- PGE2, prostaglandin E2
- PGH2, prostaglandin H2
- PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
- PVDF, polyvinylidene fluoride
- Prostaglandin
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- SEM, standard error of the mean
- Synovial fibroblast
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- hMSCs, human mesenchymal stem cells
- qPCR, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
- ΔΔCT, comparative threshold cycle
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Frederick
- Swedish Medical Center, 501 E. Hampden Ave, Englewood, CO 80113, USA.,Ampio Pharmaceuticals Inc., 373 Inverness Pkwy, Englewood, CO 80112, USA
| | - Melissa A Hausburg
- Swedish Medical Center, 501 E. Hampden Ave, Englewood, CO 80113, USA.,Ampio Pharmaceuticals Inc., 373 Inverness Pkwy, Englewood, CO 80112, USA
| | - Gregory W Thomas
- Swedish Medical Center, 501 E. Hampden Ave, Englewood, CO 80113, USA.,Ampio Pharmaceuticals Inc., 373 Inverness Pkwy, Englewood, CO 80112, USA
| | - Leonard T Rael
- Swedish Medical Center, 501 E. Hampden Ave, Englewood, CO 80113, USA.,Ampio Pharmaceuticals Inc., 373 Inverness Pkwy, Englewood, CO 80112, USA
| | - Edward Brody
- SomaLogic Inc., 2945 Wilderness Place, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - David Bar-Or
- Swedish Medical Center, 501 E. Hampden Ave, Englewood, CO 80113, USA.,Ampio Pharmaceuticals Inc., 373 Inverness Pkwy, Englewood, CO 80112, USA.,St. Anthony Hospital, Trauma Research Department, 11600 W. 2nd Pl, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA.,Medical Center of Plano, Trauma Research Department, 3901 W. 15th St., Plano, TX 75075, USA.,Rocky Vista University, 8401 S. Chambers Rd., Parker, CO 80134, USA.,Penrose Hospital, 2417 Cascade Ave, Colorado Springs, CO 80907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ridlon JM, Bajaj JS. The human gut sterolbiome: bile acid-microbiome endocrine aspects and therapeutics. Acta Pharm Sin B 2015; 5:99-105. [PMID: 26579434 PMCID: PMC4629220 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body is now viewed as a complex ecosystem that on a cellular and gene level is mainly prokaryotic. The mammalian liver synthesizes and secretes hydrophilic primary bile acids, some of which enter the colon during the enterohepatic circulation, and are converted into numerous hydrophobic metabolites which are capable of entering the portal circulation, returned to the liver, and in humans, accumulating in the biliary pool. Bile acids are hormones that regulate their own synthesis, transport, in addition to glucose and lipid homeostasis, and energy balance. The gut microbial community through their capacity to produce bile acid metabolites distinct from the liver can be thought of as an “endocrine organ” with potential to alter host physiology, perhaps to their own favor. We propose the term “sterolbiome” to describe the genetic potential of the gut microbiome to produce endocrine molecules from endogenous and exogenous steroids in the mammalian gut. The affinity of secondary bile acid metabolites to host nuclear receptors is described, the potential of secondary bile acids to promote tumors, and the potential of bile acids to serve as therapeutic agents are discussed.
Collapse
Key Words
- APC, adenomatous polyposis coli
- BA, bile acids
- BSH, bile salt hydrolases
- Bile acids
- CA, cholic acid
- CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- CYP27A1, sterol-27-hydroxylase
- CYP7A1, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase
- CYP8B1, sterol 12α-hydroxylase
- DCA, deoxycholic acid
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- FAP, familial adenomatous polyposis
- FGF15/19, fibroblast growth factor 15/19
- FXR, farnesoid X receptor
- GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid
- GPCR, G-protein coupled receptors
- Gut microbiome
- HMP, Human Microbiome Project
- HSDH, hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- LCA, lithocholic acid
- LOX, lipooxygenase
- MetaHIT, Metagenomics of the Human Intestinal Tract
- Metabolite
- NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- PKC, protein kinase C
- PSC, primary sclerosing cholangitis
- PXR, pregnane X receptor
- Sterolbiome
- Therapeutic agent
- UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid
- VDR, vitamin D receptor
Collapse
|
13
|
Khan SA, Khan AM, Karim S, Kamal MA, Damanhouri GA, Mirza Z. Panacea seed "Nigella": A review focusing on regenerative effects for gastric ailments. Saudi J Biol Sci 2014; 23:542-53. [PMID: 27298589 PMCID: PMC4890198 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nigella sativa (NS) or black cumin is a dark, thin, and crescent-shaped, seeded shrub belonging to the Ranunculaceae family commonly growing on Mediterranean coasts in Saudi Arabia, northern Africa and Asia. They have amazing curative and therapeutic features that make them one of the most popular, safe, non-detrimental, and cytoprotective medicinal plant that can be used for prevention and treatment of many complicated diseases. Originally, N. sativa was used to treat migraines and allergy, and researches have shown its effectiveness in destroying cancer cells as well. The gastro protective effect of NS oil and its constituents has also been reported earlier; however, the complete perception on etiology and pathogenesis of gastric ulcer is not yet clear. Herein, we attempt to unveil some of the potential mechanisms exhibited by NS in preventing problems related to gastric ulcers. Gastric ailments like ulcers and tumors are the most common disorders of the gastro-intestinal tract in the present day life of the industrialized world. Gastric ulcer being a multifaceted problem exhibits complex etiology and is the fourth most common cause of cancer mortality. Drug interactions and toxicity are the main hindrances in chemotherapy. The existing merits and demerits of modern-day drugs make us turn toward the plant kingdom which may provide a valuable resource of novel potent natural compounds for pharmaceuticals or alternately, as dietary supplements. In this context, the revered phytotherapeutic N. sativa comes as a promising savior in today’s times. This review aims to summarize, both the functional and disease-related effects in the area of gastroenterology.
Collapse
Key Words
- 5-FU, 5-flourouracil
- COX, cyclooxygenase
- GI, gastrointestinal
- GSH, glutathione
- Gastric ulcer
- Gastro-protective
- Gastropathies
- LOX, lipoxygenase
- Medicinal plant
- NF-κB, nuclear transcription factor kappa B
- NS, Nigella sativa
- NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- Nigella sativa
- PGs, prostaglandins
- PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TQ, thymoquinone
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahida A. Khan
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aziz M. Khan
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Karim
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghazi A. Damanhouri
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeenat Mirza
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author at: King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Post Box No 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. Tel.: +966 6401000x72074, mobile: +966 553017824; fax: +966 6952076.
| |
Collapse
|