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Tavares AMV, Gonzalez EA, Viana IS, Visioli F, Vera LNP, Baldo G. Characterization of heart disease in mucopolysaccharidosis type II mice. Cardiovasc Pathol 2023; 67:107575. [PMID: 37730078 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2023.107575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPSII) is a progressive lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the IDS gene, that leads to iduronate 2-sulfatase (IDS) enzyme deficiency. The enzyme catalyzes the first step of degradation of two glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), heparan sulfate (HS) and dermatan sulfate (DS). The consequences of MPSII are progressively harmful and can lead to death by cardiac failure. The aim of this study was to characterize the cardiovascular disease in MPSII mice. Thus, we evaluated the cardiovascular function of MPSII male mice at 6, 8, and 10 months of age, through functional, histological, and biochemical analyzes. Echocardiographic analyses showed a progressive loss in cardiac function, observed through parameters such as reduction in ejection fraction (46% in control versus 28% in MPS II at 10 months, P < .01) and fractional area change (31% versus 23%, P < .05). Similar results were found in parameters of vascular competence, obtained by echo Doppler. Both aortic dilatation and an increase in pulmonary resistance were observed at all time points in MPSII mice. The histological analyses showed an increase in the thickness of the heart valves (2-fold thicker than control values at 10 months). Biochemical analyzes confirmed GAG storage in these tissues, with a massive elevation of DS in the myocardium. Furthermore, an important increase in the activity of proteases such as cathepsin S and B (up to 5-fold control values) was found and could be related to the progressive loss of cardiac function observed in MPSII mice. In this work, we demonstrated that loss of cardiac function in MPSII mice started at 6 months of age, although its global cardiac capacity was still preserved at this time. Disease progressed at later time points leading to heart failure. The MPSII mice at later times reproduce many of the cardiovascular events found in patients with Hunter's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maria Vicente Tavares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, CEP: 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Esteban Alberto Gonzalez
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, CEP 90035-903, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular - UFRGS Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, CEP 91501970, RS, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Souza Viana
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, CEP 90035-903, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, CEP 90035-903, RS, Brazil
| | - Luisa Natalia Pimentel Vera
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, CEP 90035-903, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular - UFRGS Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, CEP 91501970, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, CEP: 90035-003, RS, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa Experimental- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, CEP 90035-903, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular - UFRGS Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, CEP 91501970, RS, Brazil.
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2
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Tsygankova P, Bychkov I, Minzhenkova M, Pechatnikova N, Bessonova L, Buyanova G, Naumchik I, Beskorovainiy N, Tabakov V, Itkis Y, Shilova N, Zakharova E. Expanding the genetic spectrum of the pyruvate carboxylase deficiency with novel missense, deep intronic and structural variants. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2022; 32:100889. [PMID: 35782291 PMCID: PMC9240867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2022.100889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pathogenic variants in the pyruvate carboxylase (PC) gene cause a wide spectrum of recessive phenotypes, ranging from the early-onset fatal encephalopathy to the adult-onset benign form. Results Patient 1 is a 6 y.o. boy with ataxia, hypoglycemia and episodes of lactic acidosis. WGS revealed the novel heterozygous missense variant c.1372A > G (p.Asn458Asp) in the PC gene. Additional analysis revealed discordant reads mapped to chromosomes 11 and 1, so a reciprocal translocation disrupted the PC gene was suspected. The translocation was validated via FISH-analysis and Sanger sequencing of its boundaries. Patient 2 is a 13 y.o. girl with psychomotor delay, episodes of lactic acidosis and ketonuria. WES revealed the novel homozygous intronic variant c.1983-116C > T. The PC's mRNA analysis demonstrated the exonization of several intron 16 sequences and some residual amount of WT mRNA isoform. Two other patients had more severe course of the disease. Their genotype represents missense variants in compound heterozygous and homozygous state (c.1876C > T (p.Arg626Trp), c.2606G > C (p.Gly869Ala), c.2435C > A (p.Ala812Asp). Conclusion In patients with metabolic crises, lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia analysis of PC gene is recommended. WGS with deep bioinformatic analysis should be taken into consideration when none or the only one pathogenic variant in the PC gene is found. In patients with metabolic crises with lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia WGS with deep bioinformatic analysis should be taken when none or the only one heterozygous pathogenic variant in the PC gene is found. PC gene may have more deep intronic pathogenic variants than included in known mutation databases.
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3
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La Cognata V, Cavallaro S. Detection of Structural Variants by NGS: Revealing Missing Alleles in Lysosomal Storage Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081836. [PMID: 36009380 PMCID: PMC9405548 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a heterogeneous group of rare multisystem metabolic disorders occurring mostly in infancy and childhood, characterized by a gradual accumulation of non-degraded substrates inside the cells. Although biochemical enzymatic assays are considered the gold standard for diagnosis of symptomatic patients, genotyping is a requirement for inclusion in enzyme replacement programs and is a prerequisite for carrier tests in relatives and DNA-based prenatal diagnosis. The emerging next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are now offering a powerful diagnostic tool for genotyping LSDs patients by providing faster, cheaper, and higher-resolution testing options, and are allowing to unravel, in a single integrated workflow SNVs, small insertions and deletions (indels), as well as major structural variations (SVs) responsible for the pathology. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about the most recurrent and private SVs involving LSDs-related genes, review advantages and drawbacks related to the use of the NGS in the SVs detection, and discuss the challenges to bring this type of analysis in clinical diagnostics.
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Hassan A, Mir YR, Kuchay RAH. Ocular findings and genomics of X-linked recessive disorders: A review. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:2386-2396. [PMID: 35791118 PMCID: PMC9426149 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_252_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Advent of new sequencing technologies and modern diagnostic procedures has opened the door for a deeper understanding of disorders about which little was known previously. Discovery of novel genes, new genetic variants in previously known genes and better techniques of functional validation has immensely contributed to unraveling the molecular basis of genetic disorders. Availability of knockout animal models like the zebrafish and gene editing tools like CRISPR-Cas9 has elucidated the function of many new genes and helped us to better understand the functional consequences of various gene defects. This has also led to better diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. In this context, a good body of research work has been done on X-linked recessive disorders with ocular findings. This review will focus on ocular and genetic findings of these rare disorders. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review encompassing ocular and genomic spectrum of X-linked recessive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asima Hassan
- Department of Health and Medical Education, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Yaser R Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Raja A H Kuchay
- Department of Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Wiśniewska K, Wolski J, Gaffke L, Cyske Z, Pierzynowska K, Węgrzyn G. Misdiagnosis in mucopolysaccharidoses. J Appl Genet 2022; 63:475-495. [PMID: 35562626 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-022-00703-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is a group of 13 hereditary metabolic diseases identified in humans (or 14 diseases if considering one MPS type described to date only in mice) in which an enzymatic defect results in the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in the lysosomes of cells. First of all, as a result of GAG storage, the proper functioning of the lysosome is disturbed; then, the cells, and finally, tissue, organs, and the whole organism malfunctions are observed. Due to the rarity, heterogeneity, and multi-systemic and progressive nature of MPS, they present a major diagnostic challenge. Due to the wide variation in symptoms and their similarity to other diseases, MPS is often misdiagnosed, usually as neurological diseases (like autism spectrum disorders, psychomotor hyperactivity, and intellectual disability) or rheumatology and orthopedic disorders (like juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Perthes disease, rickets, and muscular dystrophy). In this review article, we present the problems associated with the possibility of misdiagnosing MPS, discuss what diseases they can be confused with, and suggest ways to reduce these problems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wiśniewska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jakub Wolski
- Psychiatry Ward, 7th Navy Hospital in Gdańsk, Polanki 117, 80-305, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Lidia Gaffke
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Cyske
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Karolina Pierzynowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Ayodele O, Müller K, Setayeshgar S, Alexanderian D, Yee KS. Clinical Characteristics and Healthcare Resource Utilization for Patients with Mucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II) in the United States: A Retrospective Chart Review. JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2022; 9:117-127. [PMID: 35620452 PMCID: PMC9098230 DOI: 10.36469/jheor.2022.33801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Mucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II; Hunter syndrome) is a rare, X-linked, life-limiting lysosomal storage disease characterized by a deficiency in the activity of the enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase. Accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in tissues and organs throughout the body causes cellular damage, leading to multisystemic disease manifestations. Patients generally require multidisciplinary care across a wide range of specialties. Objectives: The aims of this study were to assess the healthcare needs of patients with MPS II and to explore the impact of treatment on disease burden and healthcare resource utilization. Methods: A retrospective review of medical charts from 19 US sites was performed. Data were analyzed from 140 male patients diagnosed with MPS II (defined as a documented deficiency in iduronate-2-sulfatase) between 1997 and 2017. The prevalence and age at onset of clinical manifestations and extent and frequency of healthcare resource use were evaluated. Results: Of the patients in this study, 77.1% had received enzyme replacement therapy with intravenous idursulfase and 62.1% had cognitive impairment. The clinical burden among patients was substantial: almost all patients had ear, nose, and throat abnormalities (95.7%); musculoskeletal abnormalities (95.0%); and joint stiffness or abnormalities (90.7%). Of the most prevalent disease manifestations, facial dysmorphism and hepatosplenomegaly were documented the earliest (median age at first documentation of 3.8 years in both cases). Hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and outpatient visits were reported for 51.2%, 58.5%, and 93.5% of patients, respectively, with a frequency of 0.1, 0.2, and 3.0 per patient per year, respectively. Surgery was also common, with 91.1% of patients having undergone at least 1 surgical procedure. The clinical burden and prevalence and frequency of resource use were generally similar in patients who had received enzyme replacement therapy and in those who had not. Conclusions: These results add to our understanding of the natural history of MPS II and indicate that the disease burden and healthcare needs of patients with this progressive disease are extensive. Increased understanding of disease burden and resource use may enable the development of models of healthcare resource utilization in patients with MPS II and contribute to improvements in disease management and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Karen S Yee
- Takeda Development Center, Inc., Cambridge, MA
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Stephan BDO, Quaio CR, Spolador GM, de Paula AC, Curiati MA, Martins AM, Leal GN, Tenorio A, Finzi S, Chimelo FT, Matas CG, Honjo RS, Bertola DR, Kim CA. Impact of ERT and follow-up of 17 patients from the same family with a mild form of MPS II. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2022; 77:100082. [PMID: 35882106 PMCID: PMC9326110 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucopolysaccharidosis type II, also known as Hunter syndrome, is a rare X-linked recessive disorder caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme Iduronate-2- Sulfatase (IDS), leading to progressive accumulation of Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in several organs. Over the years, Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT) has provided significant benefits for patients, retarding the natural progression of the disease. RESULTS The authors evaluated 17 patients from the same family with a mild form of MPS type II; the proband had developed acute decompensated heart failure refractory to clinical measurements at 23 years and needed a rather urgent heart transplant; however, he died from surgical complications shortly after the procedure. Nevertheless, subsequent to his tragic death, 16 affected male relatives were detected after biochemical tests identifying the low or absent activity of the IDS enzyme and confirmed by molecular analysis of the IDS gene. Following diagnosis, different options of treatment were chosen: 6 patients started ERT with Elaprase® (Idursulfase) soon after, while the other 10 remained without ERT. Eventually, 4 patients in the latter group began ERT with Hunterase® (Idursulfase Beta). None presented adverse effects to either form of the enzyme. Among the 6 individuals without any ERT, two died of natural causes, after reaching 70 years. Despite the variable phenotype within the same family (mainly heart dysfunctions and carpal tunnel syndrome), all 14 remaining patients were alive with an independent lifestyle. CONCLUSION Here, the authors report the variable progress of the disease with and without ERT in a large Brazilian family with a slowly progressive form of MPS II, harboring the same missense variant in the IDS gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno de Oliveira Stephan
- Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Caio Robledo Quaio
- Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Marquezani Spolador
- Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina de Paula
- Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Curiati
- Centro de Referência em Erros Inatos do Metabolismo (CREIM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Martins
- Centro de Referência em Erros Inatos do Metabolismo (CREIM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Nunes Leal
- Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Artur Tenorio
- Oftalmologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone Finzi
- Oftalmologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavia Teixeira Chimelo
- Fonoaudiologia da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Gentile Matas
- Fonoaudiologia da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rachel Sayuri Honjo
- Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Debora Romeo Bertola
- Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Chong Ae Kim
- Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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A molecular genetics view on Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2021; 788:108392. [PMID: 34893157 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II (MPS II) is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder that primarily affects male patients. With an incidence of 1 in 100,000 male live births, the disease is one of the orphan diseases. MPS II symptoms are caused by mutations in the lysosomal iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) gene. The mutations cause a loss of enzymatic performance and result in the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate, which are no longer degradable. This inadvertent accumulation causes damage in multiple organs and leads either to a severe neurological course or to an attenuated course of the disease, although the exact relationship between mutation, extent of GAG accumulation and disease progression is not yet fully understood. This review is intended to present current diagnostic procedures and therapeutic interventions. In times when the genetic profile of patients plays an increasingly important role in the assessment of therapeutic success and future drug design, we chose to further elucidate the impact of genetic diversity within the IDS gene on disease phenotype and potential implications in current diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. We report recent advances in the structural biological elucidation of I2S enzyme that that promises to improve our future understanding of the molecular damage of the hundreds of IDS gene variants and will aid damage prediction of novel mutations in the future.
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Josahkian JA, Brusius-Facchin AC, Netto ABO, Leistner-Segal S, Málaga DR, Burin MG, Michelin-Tirelli K, Trapp FB, Cardoso-Dos-Santos AC, Ribeiro EM, Kim CA, de Siqueira ACM, Santos ML, do Valle DA, da Silva RTB, Horovitz DDG, de Medeiros PFV, de Souza CFM, Giuliani LDR, Miguel DSCG, Santana-da-Silva LC, Galera MF, Giugliani R. Genotype-phenotype studies in a large cohort of Brazilian patients with Hunter syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2021; 187:349-356. [PMID: 33960103 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is an X-linked inherited disease caused by pathogenic variants in the IDS gene, leading to deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase and consequent widespread storage of glycosaminoglycans, leading to several clinical consequences, with progressive manifestations which most times includes cognitive decline. MPS II has wide allelic and clinical heterogeneity and a complex genotype-phenotype correlation. We evaluated data from 501 Brazilian patients diagnosed with MPS II from 1982 to 2020. We genotyped 280 of these patients (55.9%), which were assigned to 206 different families. Point mutations were present in 70% of our patients, being missense variants the most frequent. We correlated the IDS pathogenic variants identified with the phenotype (neuronophatic or non-neuronopathic). Except for two half-brothers, there was no discordance in the genotype-phenotype correlation among family members, nor among MPS II patients from different families with the same single base-pair substitution variant. Mothers were carriers in 82.0% of the cases. This comprehensive study of the molecular profile of the MPS II cases in Brazil sheds light on the genotype-phenotype correlation and helps the better understanding of the disease and the prediction of its clinical course, enabling the provision of a more refined genetic counseling to the affected families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Alves Josahkian
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria (HUSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Alice Brinckmann Oliveira Netto
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,National Institute on Population Medical Genetics, INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Graduate in Biological Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sandra Leistner-Segal
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,National Institute on Population Medical Genetics, INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Diana Rojas Málaga
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Research and Development, Grupo Fleury, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Augusto César Cardoso-Dos-Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,National Institute on Population Medical Genetics, INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Chong Ae Kim
- Genetic Unit, Pediatric Department, HC-FMUSP, São Paulo University, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mara Lucia Santos
- Neuropediatric Division, Hospital Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Dafne Dain Gandelman Horovitz
- Medical Genetics Department, National Institute of Women, Children and Adolescents Health Fernandes Figueira-Fiocruz/Reference Center for Rare Diseases, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Liane de Rosso Giuliani
- Hospital Universitário Maria Aparecida Pedrossian (HUMAP), UFMS, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Carlos Santana-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Innate Errors of Metabolism, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Marcial Francis Galera
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,National Institute on Population Medical Genetics, INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Juchniewicz P, Piotrowska E, Kloska A, Podlacha M, Mantej J, Węgrzyn G, Tukaj S, Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka J. Dosage Compensation in Females with X-Linked Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094514. [PMID: 33925963 PMCID: PMC8123450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Through the use of new genomic and metabolomic technologies, our comprehension of the molecular and biochemical etiologies of genetic disorders is rapidly expanding, and so are insights into their varying phenotypes. Dosage compensation (lyonization) is an epigenetic mechanism that balances the expression of genes on heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Many studies in the literature have suggested a profound influence of this phenomenon on the manifestation of X-linked disorders in females. In this review, we summarize the clinical and genetic findings in female heterozygotic carriers of a pathogenic variant in one of ten selected X-linked genes whose defects result in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Juchniewicz
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.J.); (A.K.); (J.J.-B.)
| | - Ewa Piotrowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.P.); (J.M.); (G.W.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-523-6040
| | - Anna Kloska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.J.); (A.K.); (J.J.-B.)
| | - Magdalena Podlacha
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.P.); (J.M.); (G.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Jagoda Mantej
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.P.); (J.M.); (G.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.P.); (J.M.); (G.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Stefan Tukaj
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.P.); (J.M.); (G.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Joanna Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.J.); (A.K.); (J.J.-B.)
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Semyachkina AN, Voskoboeva EY, Nikolaeva EA, Zakharova EY. Analysis of long-term observations of the large group of Russian patients with Hunter syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type II). BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:71. [PMID: 33676511 PMCID: PMC7937197 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00922-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This article presents the results of long-term observations and comparative analysis of genotype-phenotype features in a large group of patients (227 males and one female) with a severe, intermediate and mild form of Hunter syndrome, evaluating the quality and span of their lives, as well as their ability to social adaptation. METHODS We used electrophoresis of glycosaminoglycans of urine, determination of the activity of lysosomal enzymes in plasma, in dried blood spots according to the generally accepted method and DNA analysis. RESULTS The clinical symptomatology of 228 patients with Hunter syndrome was characterized by growth retardation, lesions of the bronchopulmonary, cardiovascular, nervous systems, etc. Thirty-five patients had an attenuated form of the disease. DNA was available from all patients. 19 patients from 10 families had a mild form of the disease. 42 patients from 41 families had an intermediate form of the disease. All other patients had a severe form of the disease. We provide brief clinical examples of some patients with a mild form of Hunter syndrome. Currently, 113 patients with Hunter syndrome receive enzyme replacement therapy (idursulfase or idursulfase beta). CONCLUSION The long-term study of the large number of patients with Hunter syndrome helped identify disease-associated variants leading to severe and mild forms of the disease. The treatment effect and successful social adaptation of patients with a mild form of Hunter syndrome were revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Nikolaevna Semyachkina
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Research and Clinical Institute of Pediatrics Named After Yuri Veltischev of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health, 2 Taldomskaya St., Moscow, 125412 Russia
| | | | - Ekaterina Alexandrovna Nikolaeva
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Research and Clinical Institute of Pediatrics Named After Yuri Veltischev of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health, 2 Taldomskaya St., Moscow, 125412 Russia
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Beck M. Clinical Manifestation in Females with X-linked Metabolic Disorders: Genetic and Pathophysiological Considerations. JOURNAL OF INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM AND SCREENING 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/2326-4594-jiems-2020-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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