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Wang JT, Chang TY. Ultrasound Assessment of the Fetal Optic Chiasm. J Med Ultrasound 2023; 31:195-200. [PMID: 38025017 PMCID: PMC10668906 DOI: 10.4103/jmu.jmu_69_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the literature on different methods of prenatal ultrasound visualization of the optic chiasm (OC) and its applications. Prenatal imaging of the OC is feasible from 19 to 37 weeks of gestation. Evaluation of the OC has been shown crucial in differentiating isolated agenesis of the septum pellucidum from septo-optic dysplasia. Multiple methods can be applied for imaging of the OC, including three-dimensional and two-dimensional ultrasounds in different views, as well as color Doppler. According to the literature, both transabdominal and transvaginal routes produce equally acceptable images. OC visualization might be challenging but can be achieved by developing a standard scanning protocol and raising awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Ting Wang
- Department of Fetal Medicine, Taiji Clinic, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yao Chang
- Department of Fetal Medicine, Taiji Clinic, Taipei, Taiwan
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2
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Sarma A, Pruthi S. Congenital Brain Malformations- Update on Newer Classification and Genetic Basis. Semin Roentgenol 2023; 58:6-27. [PMID: 36732012 DOI: 10.1053/j.ro.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asha Sarma
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Monroe Carell Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN.
| | - Sumit Pruthi
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Monroe Carell Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN
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3
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Di Pasquo E, Kuleva M, Arthuis C, Morganelli G, Ormitti F, Millischer AE, Grevent D, Ville Y, Ghi T, Salomon LJ. Prenatal diagnosis and outcome of fetuses with isolated agenesis of septum pellucidum: cohort study and meta-analysis. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2022; 59:153-161. [PMID: 34396620 DOI: 10.1002/uog.23759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the postnatal outcome of children with a prenatal diagnosis of apparently isolated agenesis of the septum pellucidum (ASP). METHODS A retrospective cohort study of cases of prenatally diagnosed ASP followed in two tertiary centers and a meta-analysis combining data from the cohort study with data from published studies identified in a systematic review were carried out. Only cases with apparently isolated ASP on antenatal ultrasound and/or magnetic resonance imaging and with available postnatal follow-up data were considered eligible for inclusion. The following outcomes were analyzed: incidence of chromosomal anomalies, agreement between antenatal and postnatal findings, overall incidence of septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) and incidence of major neurological disability (motor, language, coordination or behavioral disorder or epilepsy) in non-SOD children. The incidence of SOD in infants with apparently normal optic pathways on antenatal imaging was also evaluated. RESULTS Fifteen cases of isolated ASP, with median postnatal follow-up of 36 months (range, 12-60 months), were selected from the two centers. Six previously published studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review and a total of 78 cases were eligible for the analysis, including the 15 cases from our series. Genetic tests were carried out antenatally in 30 fetuses, of which two had an abnormal result (pooled proportion, 9.0% (95% CI, 1.8-20.7%); I2 = 0%). Additional or discordant imaging findings were noted postnatally in 9/70 (pooled proportion, 13.7% (95% CI, 3.5-29.0%); I2 = 63.9%) cases. Of all 78 neonates with available follow-up, SOD was diagnosed postnatally in 14 (pooled proportion, 19.4% (95% CI, 8.6-33.2%); I2 = 51.2%). In 60 cases, the optic pathways were considered to be normal on antenatal imaging, and six of these (pooled proportion, 9.1% (95% CI, 1.1-24.0%); I2 = 62.0%) were diagnosed postnatally with SOD. Of the 46 infants with available neurological follow-up who were not affected by SOD, a major neurological disability was diagnosed in three (pooled proportion, 6.5% (95% CI, 0.5-18.6%); I2 = 40.1%). CONCLUSIONS In the vast majority of cases with a prenatal diagnosis of apparently isolated ASP, the prognosis is favorable. However, an additional anomaly is detected after birth in about 14% of cases and has a negative impact on clinical outcome. Detailed antenatal assessment of the brain and optic pathways is strongly recommended in order to identify the presence of associated anomalies. Antenatal visualization of apparently normal optic pathways does not rule out SOD. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Di Pasquo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - M Kuleva
- Department of Obstetrics, Hôpital Intercommunal de Montreuil, Montreuil, France
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - C Arthuis
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - G Morganelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - F Ormitti
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - A-E Millischer
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - D Grevent
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Y Ville
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - T Ghi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - L J Salomon
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
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Zhou J, Kang X, An H, Lv Y, Liu X. The function and pathogenic mechanism of filamin A. Gene 2021; 784:145575. [PMID: 33737122 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Filamin A(FLNa) is an actin-binding protein, which participates in the formation of the cytoskeleton, anchors a variety of proteins in the cytoskeleton and regulates cell adhesion and migration. It is involved in signal transduction, cell proliferation and differentiation, pseudopodia formation, vesicle transport, tumor resistance and genetic diseases by binding with interacting proteins. In order to fully elucidate the structure, function and pathogenesis of FLNa, we summarized all substances which directly or indirectly act on FLNa so far, upstream and downstream targets which having effect on it, signaling pathways and their functions. It also recorded the expression and effect of FLNa in different diseases, including hereditary disease and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.
| | - Xinmei Kang
- Department of Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.
| | - Hanxiang An
- Department of Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.
| | - Yun Lv
- Department of Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.
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Shinar S, Blaser S, Chitayat D, Selvanathan T, Chau V, Shannon P, Agrawal S, Ryan G, Pruthi V, Miller SP, Krishnan P, Van Mieghem T. Long-term postnatal outcome of fetuses with prenatally suspected septo-optic dysplasia. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2020; 56:371-377. [PMID: 32196785 PMCID: PMC7496228 DOI: 10.1002/uog.22018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by varying combinations of optic nerve hypoplasia, pituitary gland hypoplasia and abnormal cavum septi pellucidi. It is suspected on prenatal imaging when there is non-visualization or hypoplasia of the septal leaflets. Long-term postnatal outcomes of fetuses with prenatally suspected SOD have been documented poorly. The aims of this study were to describe the natural history of deficient septal leaflets, to quantify the incidence of postnatally confirmed SOD and to document the visual, endocrine and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of these infants. METHODS This was an observational retrospective study of all fetuses with prenatal imaging showing isolated septal agenesis, assessed at a single tertiary center over an 11-year period. Pregnancy, delivery and neonatal outcomes and pre- and postnatal imaging findings were reviewed. Neonatal evaluations or fetal autopsy reports were assessed for confirmation of SOD. Ophthalmologic, endocrine, genetic and long-term developmental evaluations were assessed. Imaging findings and outcome were compared between infants with and those without postnatally confirmed SOD. RESULTS Of 214 fetuses presenting with septal absence on prenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 18 (8.4%) were classified as having suspected isolated septal agenesis suspicious for SOD. Uniform prenatal MRI findings in cases with suspected SOD included remnants of the leaflets of the cavum septi pellucidi, fused forniceal columns, normal olfactory bulbs and tracts and a normal optic chiasm. Twelve fetuses were liveborn and five (27.8%) had postnatally confirmed SOD. Only two of these five fetuses had additional prenatal imaging features (pituitary cyst, microphthalmia and optic nerve hypoplasia) supporting a diagnosis of SOD. The other three confirmed SOD cases had no predictive prenatal or postnatal imaging findings that reliably differentiated them from cases without confirmed SOD. Visual and endocrine impairments were present in two (40%) and four (80%) cases with confirmed SOD, respectively. In those with visual and/or endocrine impairment, developmental delay (median age at follow-up, 2.5 (interquartile range, 2.5-7.0) years) was common (80%) and mostly severe. Neonates with isolated septal agenesis and a lack of visual or endocrine abnormalities to confirm SOD had normal development. CONCLUSIONS Only a quarter of fetuses with isolated septal agenesis suggestive of SOD will have postnatal confirmation of the diagnosis. Clinical manifestations of SOD are variable, but neurodevelopmental delay may be more prevalent than thought formerly. © 2020 Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Shinar
- Ontario Fetal Centre, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - S. Blaser
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Medical ImagingUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - D. Chitayat
- Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Hospital for Sick ChildrenUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - T. Selvanathan
- Department of PaediatricsHospital for Sick Children and University of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - V. Chau
- Department of PaediatricsHospital for Sick Children and University of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - P. Shannon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - S. Agrawal
- Ontario Fetal Centre, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - G. Ryan
- Ontario Fetal Centre, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - V. Pruthi
- Ontario Fetal Centre, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - S. P. Miller
- Department of PaediatricsHospital for Sick Children and University of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - P. Krishnan
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Medical ImagingUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - T. Van Mieghem
- Ontario Fetal Centre, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
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Emperador S, Garrido-Pérez N, Amezcua-Gil J, Gaudó P, Andrés-Sanz JA, Yubero D, Fernández-Marmiesse A, O'Callaghan MM, Ortigoza-Escobar JD, Iriondo M, Ruiz-Pesini E, García-Cazorla A, Gil-Campos M, Artuch R, Montoya J, Bayona-Bafaluy MP. Molecular Characterization of New FBXL4 Mutations in Patients With mtDNA Depletion Syndrome. Front Genet 2020; 10:1300. [PMID: 31969900 PMCID: PMC6960396 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Encephalomyopathic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion syndrome 13 (MTDPS13) is a rare genetic disorder caused by defects in F-box leucine-rich repeat protein 4 (FBXL4). Although FBXL4 is essential for the bioenergetic homeostasis of the cell, the precise role of the protein remains unknown. In this study, we report two cases of unrelated patients presenting in the neonatal period with hyperlactacidemia and generalized hypotonia. Severe mtDNA depletion was detected in muscle biopsy in both patients. Genetic analysis showed one patient as having in compound heterozygosis a splice site variant c.858+5G>C and a missense variant c.1510T>C (p.Cys504Arg) in FBXL4. The second patient harbored a frameshift novel variant c.851delC (p.Pro284LeufsTer7) in homozygosis. To validate the pathogenicity of these variants, molecular and biochemical analyses were performed using skin-derived fibroblasts. We observed that the mtDNA depletion was less severe in fibroblasts than in muscle. Interestingly, the cells harboring a nonsense variant in homozygosis showed normal mtDNA copy number. Both patient fibroblasts, however, demonstrated reduced mitochondrial transcript quantity leading to diminished steady state levels of respiratory complex subunits, decreased respiratory complex IV (CIV) activity, and finally, low mitochondrial ATP levels. Both patients also revealed citrate synthase deficiency. Genetic complementation assays established that the deficient phenotype was rescued by the canonical version of FBXL4, confirming the pathological nature of the variants. Further analysis of fibroblasts allowed to establish that increased mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial fragmentation, and augmented autophagy are associated with FBXL4 deficiency in cells, but are probably secondary to a primary metabolic defect affecting oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Emperador
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Fundación ARAID, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Nuria Garrido-Pérez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Fundación ARAID, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Amezcua-Gil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paula Gaudó
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Delia Yubero
- Clinical Biochemistry, Genetics, Pediatric Neurology and Neonatalogy Departments, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Marmiesse
- Genomes&Disease Group, Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), Santiago de Compostela University-IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria M O'Callaghan
- Clinical Biochemistry, Genetics, Pediatric Neurology and Neonatalogy Departments, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan D Ortigoza-Escobar
- Clinical Biochemistry, Genetics, Pediatric Neurology and Neonatalogy Departments, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marti Iriondo
- Clinical Biochemistry, Genetics, Pediatric Neurology and Neonatalogy Departments, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Pesini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Fundación ARAID, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angels García-Cazorla
- Clinical Biochemistry, Genetics, Pediatric Neurology and Neonatalogy Departments, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Gil-Campos
- Metabolism Unit, Reina Sofia University Clinical Hospital, Institute Maimónides of Biomedicine Investigation of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Clinical Biochemistry, Genetics, Pediatric Neurology and Neonatalogy Departments, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Montoya
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pilar Bayona-Bafaluy
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
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