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Lanquetin A, Leclercq S, de Timary P, Segobin S, Naveau M, Coulbault L, Maccioni P, Lorrai I, Colombo G, Vivien D, Rubio M, Pitel AL. Role of inflammation in alcohol-related brain abnormalities: a translational study. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab154. [PMID: 34396111 PMCID: PMC8361421 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain abnormalities observed in alcohol use disorder are highly heterogeneous in nature and severity, possibly because chronic alcohol consumption also affects peripheral organs leading to comorbidities that can result in exacerbated brain alterations. Despite numerous studies focussing on the effects of alcohol on the brain or liver, few studies have simultaneously examined liver function and brain damage in alcohol use disorder, and even fewer investigated the relationship between them except in hepatic encephalopathy. And yet, liver dysfunction may be a risk factor for the development of alcohol-related neuropsychological deficits and brain damage well before the development of liver cirrhosis, and potentially through inflammatory responses. The use of animal models enables a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying liver–brain relationships in alcohol use disorder, and more particularly of the inflammatory response at the tissue, cerebral and hepatic levels. The objective of this translational study was to investigate, both in alcohol use disorder patients and in a validated animal model of alcohol use disorder, the links between peripheral inflammation, liver damage and brain alterations. To do this, we conducted an in vivo neuroimaging examination and biological measures to evaluate brain volumes, liver fibrosis and peripheral cytokines in alcohol use disorder patients. In selectively bred Sardinian alcohol-preferring rats, we carried out ex vivo neuroimaging examination and immunohistochemistry to evaluate brain and liver inflammatory responses after chronic (50 consecutive weeks) alcohol drinking. In recently abstinent and non-cirrhotic alcohol use disorder patients, the score of liver fibrosis positively correlated with subcortical regions volumes (especially in right and left putamen) and level of circulating proinflammatory cytokines. In Sardinian alcohol-preferring rats, we found macrostructural brain damage and microstructural white matter abnormalities similar to those found in alcohol use disorder patients. In addition, in agreement with the results of peripheral inflammation observed in the patients, we revealed, in Sardinian alcohol-preferring rats, inflammatory responses in the brain and liver were caused by chronic alcohol consumption. Since the liver is the main source of cytokines in the human body, these results suggest a relationship between liver dysfunction and brain damage in alcohol use disorder patients, even in the absence of major liver disease. These findings encourage considering new therapeutic strategies aiming at treating peripheral organs to limit alcohol-related brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Lanquetin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Sophie Leclercq
- Institute of Neuroscience and Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe de Timary
- Institute of Neuroscience and Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Shailendra Segobin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Mikaël Naveau
- Normandie Univ UNICAEN, CNRS, UMS 3408, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Laurent Coulbault
- Caen University Hospital, Biochemistry Department, Normandie University, UNICAEN, EA 4650, Caen, France
| | - Paola Maccioni
- Neuroscience Institute, Section of Cagliari, National Research Council of Italy, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Irene Lorrai
- Neuroscience Institute, Section of Cagliari, National Research Council of Italy, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Colombo
- Neuroscience Institute, Section of Cagliari, National Research Council of Italy, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France.,Department of Clinical Research, CHU Côte de Nacre, Caen 14000, France
| | - Marina Rubio
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Anne-Lise Pitel
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris 75231, France
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Interferon-λ3 Gene Polymorphic Variants, rs4803217 and rs12980275, Responsiveness to HBV Vaccine and Outcome of HBV and HCV Exposure in Hemodialyzed Patients. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: In non-uremic populations, rs4803217 in the IFNL3 messenger RNA 3’ untranslated region or rs12980275 downstream of IFNL3 is connected with the spontaneous or therapeutic clearance of HCV and HBV, and rs12980275 is correlated with plasma IFN-λ3 levels. Moreover, rs12980275 is associated with the sustained virological response following antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis C in hemodialysis patients. Objectives: We investigated IFNL3 polymorphisms, rs4803217 and rs12980275, for association with responsiveness to HBV vaccine and natural consequences of HBV and HCV exposure among hemodialyzed individuals. Methods: The capacity to produce protective anti-HBs titers was recognized if they were ≥ 10 IU/L after vaccination or natural exposure. The IFNL3 rs4803217 (G>T) and rs12980275 (A>G) genetic variants were analyzed using a high-resolution melting curve method in 1,337 hemodialysis subjects. Plasma IFN-λ3 was determined in 188 individuals using ELISA. The Kaplan-Meier method was applied for the analysis of survival probability. Results: The tested polymorphisms did not show associations with the capacity to generate protective anti-HBs titers after HBV vaccination or exposition and self-limitation of HBV exposure. Natural HCV clearance was connected with the IFNL3 rs4803217 GG genotype (OR: 3.036, 95% CI: 1.544 - 5.969, P = 0.001) and haplotypes comprising at least two more frequent alleles but without any variant allele of IFNL3/IFNL4 genetic variants (P < 0.05). Plasma IFN-λ3 levels were not directly influenced by IFNL3 rs4803217 and rs12980275, but differed concerning HBV/HCV serum markers (P = 0.00005) and firmly correlated with anti-HBs titers (r = 0.537, P = 4.15E-16). Both tested polymorphisms were not significantly associated with the survival of hemodialysis patients. Conclusions: Genotyping IFNL3 rs4803217 may be advantageous in the prognosis of natural HCV clearance but does not predict the self-limitation of HBV exposure, responsiveness to HBV vaccine, or hemodialysis patients’ mortality.
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Kalatharan V, Lemaire M, Lanktree MB. Opportunities and Challenges for Genetic Studies of End-Stage Renal Disease in Canada. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2018; 5:2054358118789368. [PMID: 30046452 PMCID: PMC6056781 DOI: 10.1177/2054358118789368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose of review: Genetic testing can improve diagnostic precision in some patients with
end-stage renal disease (ESRD) providing the potential for targeted therapy
and improved patient outcomes. We sought to describe the genetic
architecture of ESRD and Canadian data sources available for further genetic
investigation into ESRD. Sources of information: We performed PubMed searches of English, peer-reviewed articles using
keywords “chronic kidney disease,” “ESRD,” “genetics,” “sequencing,” and
“administrative databases,” and searched for nephrology-related Mendelian
diseases on the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database. Methods: In this narrative review, we discuss our evolving understanding of the
genetic architecture of kidney disease and ESRD, the risks and benefits of
using genetic data to help diagnose and manage patients with ESRD, existing
public Canadian biobanks and databases, and a vision for future genetic
studies of ESRD in Canada. Key findings: ESRD has a polygenic architecture including rare Mendelian mutations and
common small effect genetic polymorphism contributors. Genetic testing will
improve diagnostic accuracy and contribute to a precision medicine approach
in nephrology. However, the risk and benefits of genetic testing needs to be
considered from an individual and societal perspective, and further research
is required. Merging existing health data, linking biobanks and
administrative databases, and forming Canadian collaborations hold great
potential for genetic research into ESRD. Large sample sizes are necessary
to perform the suitably powered investigations required to bring this vision
to reality. Limitations: This is a narrative review of the literature discussing future directions and
opportunities. It reflects the views and academic biases of the authors. Implications: National collaborations will be required to obtain sample sizes required for
impactful, robust research. Merging established datasets may be one approach
to obtain adequate samples. Patient education and engagement will improve
the value of knowledge gained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinusha Kalatharan
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lemaire
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.,Cell Biology Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew B Lanktree
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University of Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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