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Lacquaniti A, Gargano R, Campo S, Casuscelli di Tocco T, Schifilliti S, Monardo P. The Switch from Ferric Gluconate to Ferric Carboxymaltose in Hemodialysis Patients Acts on Iron Metabolism, Erythropoietin, and Costs: A Retrospective Analysis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1071. [PMID: 37374275 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Iron deficiency and anemia characterize patients on chronic hemodialysis (HD). Available intravenous iron agents, such as ferric gluconate (FG) and ferric carboxymaltose (FCM), vary in dosing regimens and safety profiles. The aim of the present study was to analyze the modification of the iron status, the correction of anemia, and the economic implications after the shift from FG to FCM therapy in chronic HD patients. We evaluated, during the study, the variations in iron metabolism, assessing ferritin and transferrin saturation, erythropoietin-stimulating agent (ESA) doses and the number of administrations, the effects on anemic status, and consequent costs. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was performed with a follow-up period of 24 months, enrolling forty-two HD patients. The enrolment phase started in January 2015, when patients were treated with iv FG, and continued until December 2015, when FG was discontinued, and, after a wash-out period, the same patients were treated with FCM. Results: The iron switch reduced the administered dose of ESA by 1610.500 UI (31% of reduction; p < 0.001) during the entire study period and reduced the erythropoietin resistance index (ERI) (10.1 ± 0.4 vs. 14.8 ± 0.5; p < 0.0001). The FCM group had the highest percentage of patients who did not require ESA treatment during the study period. The FCM patients were characterized by higher levels of iron (p = 0.04), ferritin (p < 0.001), and TSAT levels (p < 0.001) compared to the FG patients. The annual cost during FG infusion was estimated at EUR 105,390.2, while one year of treatment with FCM had a total cost of EUR 84,180.7 (a difference of EUR 21,209.51 (20%), saving EUR 42.1 per patient/month (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: FCM was a more effective treatment option than FG, reducing ESA dose requirements, increasing Hb levels, and improving iron status. The reduced ESA doses and the decreased number of patients needing ESA were the main factors for reducing overall costs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Romana Gargano
- Department of Economics, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Susanna Campo
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Papardo Hospital, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Schifilliti
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy Fellowship, University of Messina Annunziata Campus, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Paolo Monardo
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Papardo Hospital, 98158 Messina, Italy
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Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacoeconomic Analysis of Intravenous Ferric Carboxymaltose in Anemic Hemodialysis Patients Unresponsive to Ferric Gluconate Treatment: A Multicenter Retrospective Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185284. [PMID: 36142929 PMCID: PMC9506237 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients undergoing hemodialysis with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) receiving treatment with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) who were intolerant or non-responsive to intravenous (i.v.) ferric gluconate (FG) (hemoglobin; Hb values < 10.5 g/dL or increase in <1 g/dL) or % transferrin saturation; TSAT of <20%) in the previous 6 months were switched to i.v. ferric carboxymaltose (FCM). Changes in iron status parameters, economic and safety measures were also assessed. Seventy-seven hemodialysis patients aged 68 ± 15 years were included. Erythropoietin resistance index decreased from 24.2 ± 14.6 at pre-switch to 20.4 ± 14.6 after 6 months of FCM treatment and Hb levels ≥10.5 g/dL improved from 61% to 75.3% patients (p = 0.042). A 1 g/dL increase in Hb levels was also seen in 26% of patients as well as a 37.7% increase in patients achieving >20% increase in TSAT after FCM. Levels of Hb, TSAT and ferritin parameters increased during FCM treatment with a concomitant decrease in ESA. A mixed-model analysis, which also considered gender, confirmed these trends. Safety variables remained stable, no hypersensitivity reaction was recorded and only one patient reported an adverse event after FCM. FCM treatment was associated with a cost saving of 11.11 EUR/patient/month. These results confirm the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of FCM in correcting IDA in hemodialysis patients.
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Kaenkumchorn TK, Rosete BE, Carlin K, Fukasawa S, Horslen SP, Wendel D. Analysis of Transition from Intravenous Iron Sucrose to Ferric Carboxymaltose Infusions in Pediatric Intestinal Failure Patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2022; 46:1578-1584. [PMID: 35616288 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron supplementation is required for pediatric patients with intestinal failure (IF). There is a paucity of literature on optimal iron formulation and outcomes in this patient population that requires ongoing supplementation. The aim of this study was to assess outcomes in pediatric patients with IF receiving iron sucrose (IS) versus ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) iron infusions. METHODS This was a single-center observational cohort study of pediatric patients with IF requiring ongoing intravenous iron supplementation. Patients were transitioned from IS to FCM as iron therapy. Longitudinal linear mixed-effects models and generalized estimating equations were used to compare outcomes including hematologic, iron, and growth parameters for 12 months treatment duration on each iron formulation. Adverse effects were descriptively summarized. RESULTS Twenty-three patients were included. Sixteen received IS and later switched to FCM, 5 received IS only, and 2 received FCM only. Most patients' etiology of IF was short bowel syndrome (FCM: 81%, IS: 83%). No differences were seen over time for iron, hematologic, and growth metrics between IS and FCM. The median number of infusions over 12 months for those taking IS was 15 (IQR = 13 - 26) and 2 for FCM (IQR = 1 - 2). Asymptomatic hypophosphatemia was noted in both groups. Similar central line associated blood steam infection rates were noted. CONCLUSIONS IS and FCM infusions both maintained hematologic and iron parameters with no significant difference noted between the two types of iron though the number of FCM infusions was significantly less. No significant adverse effects were noted. CLINICAL RELEVANCY STATEMENT Pediatric patients with intestinal failure dependent on parenteral nutrition require ongoing iron supplementation. Though there are a variety of iron formulations available, there is a paucity of literature on how iron should be administered in this patient population. Practice varies widely among different institutions. In this study, pediatric patients with intestinal failure were transitioned from iron sucrose to ferric carboxymaltose infusions, and laboratory and clinical outcomes were compared. We found that patients had comparable hematologic and iron parameters with significantly fewer infusions needed in the ferric carboxymaltose group. No significant adverse effects were noted in either group. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanyaporn K Kaenkumchorn
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Beatrice E Rosete
- Department of Pharmacy, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington.,School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kristen Carlin
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Analytics in Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Shiho Fukasawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington.,School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Simon P Horslen
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Danielle Wendel
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington.,School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Bielesz B, Lorenz M, Monteforte R, Prikoszovich T, Gabriel M, Wolzt M, Gleiss A, Hörl WH, Sunder-Plassmann G. Comparison of Iron Dosing Strategies in Patients Undergoing Long-Term Hemodialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 16:1512-1521. [PMID: 34470831 PMCID: PMC8499011 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.03850321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Whether iron supplementation in patients on hemodialysis could be delivered by less frequent but higher single doses compared with the currently more common higher-frequency schedules of lower single iron doses is unknown. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We carried out an open-label, randomized, controlled noninferiority trial over 40 weeks in patients on prevalent hemodialysis (n=142). We administered in total 2 g iron as 100 mg iron sucrose biweekly in a continuous (20 × 100 mg) fashion or 500 mg ferric carboxymaltose every 10 weeks in a periodic (4 × 500 mg) fashion. The primary end point was the change in hemoglobin at week 40 from baseline with a noninferiority margin of -0.8 g/dl. Secondary end points were changes in ferritin, transferrin, transferrin saturation, and erythropoiesis-stimulating agent use. RESULTS In total, 108 patients completed the study. At 40 weeks, hemoglobin changed by -0.27 g/dl (95% confidence interval, -0.64 to 0.09) in the iron sucrose arm and by -0.74 g/dl (95% confidence interval, -1.1 to -0.39) in the ferric carboxymaltose arm compared with baseline. Noninferiority was not established in the per-protocol population as hemoglobin changes compared with baseline differed by -0.47 g/dl (95% confidence interval, -0.95 to 0.01) in the ferric carboxymaltose arm compared with the iron sucrose arm. Proportional changes from baseline to week 40 differed by -31% (98.3% confidence interval, -52 to -0.1) for ferritin, by 1% (98.3% confidence interval, -7 to 10) for transferrin, and by -27% (98.3% confidence interval, -39 to -13) for transferrin saturation in the ferric carboxymaltose arm compared with the iron sucrose arm. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent dosing did not differ between groups. The overall number of adverse events was similar; however, more infections were observed in the iron sucrose arm. CONCLUSIONS An equal cumulative dose of ferric carboxymaltose administered less frequently did not meet noninferiority for maintaining hemoglobin levels compared with iron sucrose administered more frequently. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NAME AND REGISTRATION NUMBER Comparison Study of Two Iron Compounds for Treatment of Anemia in Hemodialysis Patients (COPEFER), NCT02198495.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Bielesz
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Rossella Monteforte
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Michael Wolzt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Gleiss
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Institute of Clinical Biometrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter H. Hörl
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gere Sunder-Plassmann
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Kassianides X, Bhandari S. Hypophosphataemia, fibroblast growth factor 23 and third-generation intravenous iron compounds: a narrative review. Drugs Context 2021; 10:dic-2020-11-3. [PMID: 33519940 PMCID: PMC7819638 DOI: 10.7573/dic.2020-11-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Third-generation intravenous (i.v.) iron preparations are safe and efficacious and are increasingly used in the treatment of iron-deficiency anaemia. Hypophosphataemia is emerging as an established side-effect following the administration of certain compounds. Symptoms of hypophosphataemia can be masked by their similarity to those of iron-deficiency anaemia and both acute and chronic hypophosphataemia can be detrimental. Hypophosphataemia appears to be linked to imbalances in the metabolism of the phosphatonin fibroblast growth factor 23. In this narrative review, we discuss the possible pathophysiology behind this phenomenon, the studies comparing third-generation i.v. iron compounds, and the potential implications of the changes in fibroblast growth factor 23 and hypophosphataemia. We also present an algorithm of how to approach such patients requiring i.v. iron in anticipation of hypophosphataemia and how the impact related to it can be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenophon Kassianides
- Department of Academic Renal Research, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, 2nd Floor Alderson House, Hull Royal Infirmary, Anlaby Road, Kingston upon Hull, UK
| | - Sunil Bhandari
- Department of Academic Renal Research, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, 2nd Floor Alderson House, Hull Royal Infirmary, Anlaby Road, Kingston upon Hull, UK
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Kong JY, Hwang HS. Options for intravenous iron supplementation in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2020; 39:239-243. [PMID: 32938819 PMCID: PMC7530365 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.20.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yoon Kong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Seok Hwang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lacquaniti A, Pasqualetti P, Tocco TCD, Campo S, Rovito S, Bucca M, Ragusa A, Monardo P. Ferric carboxymaltose versus ferric gluconate in hemodialysis patients: Reduction of erythropoietin dose in 4 years of follow-up. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2020; 39:334-343. [PMID: 32839355 PMCID: PMC7530360 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.20.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) is a parenteral, dextran-free iron formulation designed to overcome the limitations of existing iron preparations. The main aim of this study was to retrospectively examine results obtained from a long period of FCM therapy in hemodialysis patients who have been previously treated with ferric gluconate (FX). Markers of iron metabolism, erythropoietin (EPO) doses, and effects on anemic status have been analysed. METHODS The study was performed with a follow up period of 4 years, when patients were treated before with FX and then switched to FCM. A total of 25 patients were included in the study. RESULTS FCM increased transferrin saturation (TSAT) levels by 11.9% (P < 0.001) with respect to FX. Events of TSAT less than 20% were reduced during FCM. The monthly dose of EPO was reduced in the FCM period (-6,404.1 international unit [IU]; 95% confidence interval, -10,643.5 IU; -2,164.6 IU; P = 0.003), as well as the erythropoietin resistance index (P = 0.004). During the period with FCM, ferritin levels were higher than during FX (P < 0.001), while transferrin was reduced (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION During FCM treatment, minor doses of EPO were administered if compared to those delivered during FX therapy. Stable and on target levels of hemoglobin were maintained with better control of anemia through high levels of ferritin and TSAT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrizio Pasqualetti
- Service of Medical Statistics & IT (SeSMIT), Fatebenefratelli Foundation for Health Research and Education, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Susanna Campo
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Papardo Hospital, Messina, Italy
| | - Stefania Rovito
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Papardo Hospital, Messina, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bucca
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Papardo Hospital, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Ragusa
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Papardo Hospital, Messina, Italy
| | - Paolo Monardo
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Papardo Hospital, Messina, Italy
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Rognoni C, Ortalda V, Biasi C, Gambaro G. Economic Evaluation of Ferric Carboxymaltose for the Management of Hemodialysis Patients with Iron Deficiency Anemia in Italy. Adv Ther 2019; 36:3253-3264. [PMID: 31489572 PMCID: PMC6822962 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-019-01089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis (HD) are at high risk of developing both iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia (IDA). The administration of intravenous iron therefore represents the standard of care for the management of anemia in this patient setting. Methods A retrospective cohort of 38 HD patients in Italy was analyzed to assess the clinical and economic implications of switching from intravenous ferric gluconate (FG) to ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) on achievement of adequate hemoglobin (Hb) values and iron balance. The total observational period for each patient was 12 months, 6 months before and 6 months after switching to iron FCM. The pharmacoeconomic analysis considered the hospital perspective and the consumption of iron, blood transfusions and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), including healthcare personnel time. Results Switching from FG to FCM in dialysis adult patients with IDA allows a cost reduction per patient/month in the range €14–46, considering the use of biosimilar ESA or originator ESA, respectively. The percentage of patients with Hb target values increased from 63% to 82%, considering the entire observation period. In addition, other clinical parameters (ferritin, transferrin saturation, erythropoietin resistance index) improved after switching from FG to FCM. Conclusion FCM in HD patients was shown to provide a favorable efficacy profile over FG, with a lower cost per patient, mainly driven by a consistent reduction of ESA consumption. Funding Vifor Pharma Italia Srl. Electronic Supplementary Material The online version of this article (10.1007/s12325-019-01089-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rognoni
- Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management (CERGAS), SDA Bocconi School of Management, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Caterina Biasi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Division, AOUI Verona, Verona, Italy
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Moppett IK, Rowlands M, Mannings AM, Marufu TC, Sahota O, Yeung J. The effect of intravenous iron on erythropoiesis in older people with hip fracture. Age Ageing 2019; 48:751-755. [PMID: 31127269 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND anaemia following hip fracture is common and associated with worse outcomes. Intravenous iron is a potential non-transfusion treatment for this anaemia and has been found to reduce transfusion rates in previous observational studies. There is good evidence for its use in elective surgical populations. OBJECTIVE to examine the impact of intravenous iron on erythropoiesis following hip fracture. DESIGN two-centre, assessor-blinded, randomised, controlled trial of patients with primary hip fracture and no contra-indications to intravenous iron. METHOD the intervention group received three doses of 200 mg iron sucrose over 30 min (Venofer, Vifor Pharma, Bagshot Park, UK) on three separate days. Primary outcome was reticulocyte count at day 7 after randomisation. Secondary outcomes included haemoglobin concentration, complications and discharge destination. Eighty participants were randomised. RESULTS there was a statistically significantly greater absolute final reticulocyte count in the iron group (89.4 (78.9-101.3) × 109 cells l-1 (n = 39) vs. the control (72.2 (63.9-86.4)) × 109 cells l-1 (n = 41); P = 0.019; (mean (95% confidence intervals) of log-transformed data). There were no differences in final haemoglobin concentration (99.9 (95.7-104.2) vs. 102.0 (98.7-105.3) P = 0.454) or transfusion requirements in the first week (11 (28%) vs. 12 (29%); P = 0.899). Functional and safety outcomes were not different between the groups. CONCLUSIONS although intravenous iron does stimulate erythropoiesis following hip fracture in older people, the effect is too small and too late to affect transfusion rates. Trial Registry Numbers: ISRCTN:76424792; EuDRACT: 2011-003233-34.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Moppett
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - M Rowlands
- Department of Anaesthesia, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - A M Mannings
- Department of Anaesthesia, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - T C Marufu
- Department of Healthcare of Older Life, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - O Sahota
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - J Yeung
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
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Pagès A, Porteils C, Labadens I, Parmier M, Oses S, Semely D, Bourdoncle M, Seigneuric B, Del Bello A, Juillard-Condat B. Cost-minimization analysis between intravenous iron sucrose and iron sucrose similar in hemodialysis patients. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2019; 20:281-287. [PMID: 31257944 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2019.1632193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intravenous iron and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents are used to manage anemia in chronic hemodialysis patients. The interchangeability between intravenous iron sucrose preparations is still debated. We evaluated how cost and effectiveness were impacted when chronic hemodialysis patients were switched from an original iron sucrose product to an iron sucrose similar preparation. METHODS A single center sequential observational retrospective study was conducted at a French hospital. The same patients were followed during two 24-week periods (iron sucrose in period P1; and iron sucrose similar in period P2). Anemia-related treatment costs were assessed in P1 and P2 from a hospital perspective. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the results. RESULTS Our study included 109 patients (105 analyzed patients and 4 patients with missing data). The mean hemoglobin level was not different between P1 and P2 (p = 0.92). The mean differential cost per patient was + €13.90 (P2 - P1). The factors with the biggest impact on this result were the prices of epoetin alfa and iron sucrose. CONCLUSION This cost minimization analysis suggests that for chronic hemodialysis patients, iron sucrose and iron sucrose similar have the same efficacy and that using iron sucrose similar was more expensive in 66.7% of iterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Pagès
- Department of Pharmacy, CHU de Toulouse , Toulouse, France.,UMR 1027, Inserm UPS Université de Toulouse III , Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Samantha Oses
- Department of Pharmacy, CHU de Toulouse , Toulouse, France
| | - Damien Semely
- Department of Pharmacy, CHU de Toulouse , Toulouse, France
| | | | - Bruno Seigneuric
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Organ Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse , Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Del Bello
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Organ Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse , Toulouse, France
| | - Blandine Juillard-Condat
- Department of Pharmacy, CHU de Toulouse , Toulouse, France.,UMR 1027, Inserm UPS Université de Toulouse III , Toulouse, France
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Agarwal
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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