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Kusumi K, Islam MS, Banker H, Safadi FF, Raina R. Navigating the microbial maze: unraveling the connection between gut microbiome and pediatric kidney and urinary tract disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s00467-024-06357-x. [PMID: 38829563 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-024-06357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is made up of trillions of bacteria, viruses, archaea, and microbes that play a significant role in the maintenance of normal physiology in humans. Recent research has highlighted the effects of the microbiome and its dysbiosis in the pathogenesis and maintenance of kidney disease, especially chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its associated cardiovascular disease. While studies have addressed the kidney-microbiome axis in adults, how dysbiosis may uniquely impact pediatric kidney disease patients is not well-established. This narrative review highlights all relevant studies focusing on the microbiome and pediatric kidney disease that were published between 7/2015 and 7/2023. This review highlights pediatric-specific considerations including growth and bone health as well as emphasizing the need for increased pediatric research. Understanding microbiome-kidney interactions may allow for novel, less invasive interventions such as dietary changes and the use of probiotics to improve preventive care and ameliorate long-term morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Kusumi
- Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | - Rupesh Raina
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA.
- Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.
- Akron Nephrology Associates, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH, USA.
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Li T, Ma X, Wang T, Tian W, Liu J, Shen W, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhang X, Ma J, Zhang X, Ma J, Wang H. Clostridium butyricum inhibits the inflammation in children with primary nephrotic syndrome by regulating Th17/Tregs balance via gut-kidney axis. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:97. [PMID: 38521894 PMCID: PMC10960420 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) is a common glomerular disease in children. Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum), a probiotic producing butyric acid, exerts effective in regulating inflammation. This study was designed to elucidate the effect of C. butyricum on PNS inflammation through the gut-kidney axis. METHOD BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group (CON), C. butyricum control group (CON+C. butyricum), PNS model group (PNS), and PNS with C. butyricum group (PNS+C. butyricum). The PNS model was established by a single injection of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) through the tail vein. After 1 week of modeling, the mice were treated with C. butyricum for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the mice were euthanized and associated indications were investigated. RESULTS Since the successful modeling of the PNS, the 24 h urine protein, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), urine urea nitrogen (UUN), urine creatinine (UCr), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A were increased, the kidney pathological damage was aggravated, while a reduction of body weights of the mice and the anti-inflammatory IL-10 significantly reduced. However, these abnormalities could be dramatically reversed by C. butyricum treatment. The crucial Th17/Tregs axis in PNS inflammation also was proved to be effectively regulated by C. butyricum treatment. This probiotic intervention notably affected the expression levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein, and retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt). 16S rRNA sequencing showed that C. butyricum could regulate the composition of the intestinal microbial community and found Proteobacteria was more abundant in urine microorganisms in mice with PNS. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured and showed that C. butyricum treatment increased the contents of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid in feces, acetic acid, and valeric acid in urine. Correlation analysis showed that there was a closely complicated correlation among inflammatory indicators, metabolic indicators, microbiota, and associated metabolic SCFAs in the gut-kidney axis. CONCLUSION C. butyricum regulates Th17/Tregs balance via the gut-kidney axis to suppress the immune inflammatory response in mice with PNS, which may potentially contribute to a safe and inexpensive therapeutic agent for PNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Clinical College of Ningxia Medical University, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaolong Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenyan Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Clinical College of Ningxia Medical University, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary, The First Clinical College of Ningxia Medical University, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenke Shen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Junbai Ma
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
| | - Jinhai Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
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Pasam T, Dandekar MP. Fecal microbiota transplantation unveils sex-specific differences in a controlled cortical impact injury mouse model. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1336537. [PMID: 38410824 PMCID: PMC10894955 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1336537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Contusion type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of locomotor disability and mortality worldwide. While post-TBI deleterious consequences are influenced by gender and gut dysbiosis, the sex-specific importance of commensal gut microbiota is underexplored after TBI. In this study, we investigated the impact of controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury on gut microbiota signature in a sex-specific manner in mice. Methods We depleted the gut microflora of male and female C57BL/6 mice using antibiotic treatment. Thereafter, male mice were colonized by the gut microbiota of female mice and vice versa, employing the fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) method. CCI surgery was executed using a stereotaxic impactor (Impact One™). For the 16S rRNA gene amplicon study, fecal boli of mice were collected at 3 days post-CCI (dpi). Results and discussion CCI-operated male and female mice exhibited a significant alteration in the genera of Akkermansia, Alistipes, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Prevotella, and Ruminococcus. At the species level, less abundance of Lactobacillus helveticus and Lactobacillus hamsteri was observed in female mice, implicating the importance of sex-specific bacteriotherapy in CCI-induced neurological deficits. FMT from female donor mice to male mice displayed an increase in genera of Alistipes, Lactobacillus, and Ruminococcus and species of Bacteroides acidifaciens and Ruminococcus gnavus. Female FMT-recipient mice from male donors showed an upsurge in the genus Lactobacillus and species of Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus hamsteri, and Prevotella copri. These results suggest that the post-CCI neurological complications may be influenced by the differential gut microbiota perturbation in male and female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manoj P. Dandekar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
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Wang H, Bi H, Yang M, Wang X, Song C, Yang W, Wang Y, Xie D, Li H, Zhou Z. Intestinal flora altered and correlated with interleukin-2/4 in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia. Hematology 2023; 28:2277501. [PMID: 37921501 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2023.2277501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the changes and mechanisms of intestinal flora in primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) patients. AIM To explore the structural and functional differences of intestinal flora between ITP patients and healthy controls, and clarify the correlation between intestinal flora and Th1/Th2 imbalance. METHODS Feces from ITP patients and healthy controls were studied by 16S rRNA and metagenomic techniques at phylum, genus, species or functional levels. Blood samples were collected for the detection of interleukin -2 (IL-2) and IL-4 concentrations. RESULTS The following changes in ITP patients were found: a decrease of Bacteroidetes phylum, an increase of Proteobacteria phylum and alterations of ten genera and 1045 species. IL-2 and IL-4 were significantly correlated with six and five genera, respectively. Species of C. freundii, C. rodentium, and C. youngae were negatively correlated with bleeding scores, and S. infantis was positively related to platelet counts. Functionally, the intestinal flora of ITP patients changed mainly in terms of motility, chemotaxis, membrane transport, and metabolism. CONCLUSION The mechanism underlying functional and structural changes of intestinal flora in ITP patients may be related to inflammation and immunity, providing possibilities of probiotics or fecal transplants for ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Bi
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Muran Yang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanju Song
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yacan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Xie
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiting Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeping Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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Manes A, Di Renzo T, Dodani L, Reale A, Gautiero C, Di Lauro M, Nasti G, Manco F, Muscariello E, Guida B, Tarantino G, Cataldi M. Pharmacomicrobiomics of Classical Immunosuppressant Drugs: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2562. [PMID: 37761003 PMCID: PMC10526314 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical response to classical immunosuppressant drugs (cIMDs) is highly variable among individuals. We performed a systematic review of published evidence supporting the hypothesis that gut microorganisms may contribute to this variability by affecting cIMD pharmacokinetics, efficacy or tolerability. The evidence that these drugs affect the composition of intestinal microbiota was also reviewed. The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched using specific keywords without limits of species (human or animal) or time from publication. One thousand and fifty five published papers were retrieved in the initial database search. After screening, 50 papers were selected to be reviewed. Potential effects on cIMD pharmacokinetics, efficacy or tolerability were observed in 17/20 papers evaluating this issue, in particular with tacrolimus, cyclosporine, mycophenolic acid and corticosteroids, whereas evidence was missing for everolimus and sirolimus. Only one of the papers investigating the effect of cIMDs on the gut microbiota reported negative results while all the others showed significant changes in the relative abundance of specific intestinal bacteria. However, no unique pattern of microbiota modification was observed across the different studies. In conclusion, the available evidence supports the hypothesis that intestinal microbiota could contribute to the variability in the response to some cIMDs, whereas data are still missing for others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalaura Manes
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (L.D.); (F.M.)
| | - Tiziana Di Renzo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (T.D.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Loreta Dodani
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (L.D.); (F.M.)
| | - Anna Reale
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (T.D.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Claudia Gautiero
- Physiology Nutrition Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (M.D.L.); (G.N.); (B.G.)
| | - Mariastella Di Lauro
- Physiology Nutrition Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (M.D.L.); (G.N.); (B.G.)
| | - Gilda Nasti
- Physiology Nutrition Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (M.D.L.); (G.N.); (B.G.)
| | - Federica Manco
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (L.D.); (F.M.)
| | - Espedita Muscariello
- Nutrition Unit, Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority Napoli 3 Sud, 80059 Naples, Italy;
| | - Bruna Guida
- Physiology Nutrition Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (M.D.L.); (G.N.); (B.G.)
| | - Giovanni Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Mauro Cataldi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (L.D.); (F.M.)
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Wang C, Qu W, Chen Q, Huang WY, Kang Y, Shen J. Primary nephrotic syndrome relapse within 1 year after glucocorticoid therapy in children is associated with gut microbiota composition at syndrome onset. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023; 38:1969-1980. [PMID: 36815457 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) who relapse after glucocorticoid therapy are shown to have a decreased total proportion of butyrate-producing bacteria in the gut at onset. Glucocorticoid treatment changes the gut microbiota composition. It is unclear whether gut microbiota at remission right after therapy and gut bacteria other than butyrate-producing bacteria are associated with PNS relapse. METHODS PNS relapse of paediatric patients within 1 year after glucocorticoid therapy was recorded. The gut microbiota composition, profiled with 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region sequencing, was compared between relapsing and non-relapsing PNS children at onset before glucocorticoid treatment (preT group) and in PNS children at remission right after treatment (postT group), respectively. RESULTS The gut microbiota composition of postT children significantly differed from that of preT children by having lower levels of Bacteroides, Lachnoclostridium, Flavonifractor, Ruminococcaceae UBA1819, Oscillibacter, Hungatella and Coprobacillus and higher levels of Ruminococcaceae UCG-013 and Clostridium sensu stricto 1 group. In the preT group, compared with non-relapsing patients, relapsing patients showed decreased Blautia, Dialister and total proportion of butyrate-producing bacteria and increased Oscillibacter, Anaerotruncus and Ruminococcaceae UBA1819. However, relapsing and non-relapsing postT children showed no difference in gut microbiota composition. CONCLUSIONS PNS relapse-associated gut microbiota dysbiosis at onset, which includes alterations of both butyrate-producing and non-butyrate-producing bacteria, disappeared right after glucocorticoid therapy. It is necessary to study the association of the longitudinal changes in the complete profiles of gut microbiota after glucocorticoid treatment with later PNS relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qiurong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Yan Huang
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yulin Kang
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Espi M, Soulage CO, Koppe L. Should we integrate the gut microbiota composition to manage idiopathic nephrotic syndrome? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023; 38:1927-1930. [PMID: 37365689 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfad126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Espi
- Centre International de recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, UCBL1, CNRS UMR5308, ENS, Lyon, France
- Department of Nephrology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Christophe O Soulage
- CarMeN lab, INSERM U1060, INRA, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laetitia Koppe
- Centre International de recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, UCBL1, CNRS UMR5308, ENS, Lyon, France
- CarMeN lab, INSERM U1060, INRA, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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Lella G, Pecoraro L, Benetti E, Arnone OC, Piacentini G, Brugnara M, Pietrobelli A. Nutritional Management of Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome in Pediatric Age. Med Sci (Basel) 2023; 11:47. [PMID: 37606426 PMCID: PMC10443265 DOI: 10.3390/medsci11030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a common pediatric disease characterized by a dysfunction in the glomerular filtration barrier that leads to protein, fluid, and nutrient loss in urine. Corticosteroid therapy is the conventional treatment in children. Long-term complications of NS and prolonged exposure to steroids affect bones, growth, and the cardiovascular system. Diet can play an important role in preventing these complications, but there is a scarcity of scientific literature about nutritional recommendations for children with NS. They need individualized nutrition choices not only during the acute phase of the disease but also during remission to prevent the progression of kidney damage. The correct management of diet in these children requires a multidisciplinary approach that involves family pediatricians, pediatric nephrologists, dietitians, and parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziana Lella
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy (O.C.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Luca Pecoraro
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy (O.C.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Elisa Benetti
- Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
| | - Olivia Chapin Arnone
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy (O.C.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Giorgio Piacentini
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy (O.C.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Milena Brugnara
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy (O.C.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Angelo Pietrobelli
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy (O.C.A.); (A.P.)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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Rausch P, Ellul S, Pisani A, Bang C, Tabone T, Marantidis Cordina C, Zahra G, Franke A, Ellul P. Microbial Dynamics in Newly Diagnosed and Treatment Naïve IBD Patients in the Mediterranean. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023:7025776. [PMID: 36735955 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial communities have long been suspected to influence inflammatory processes in the gastrointestinal tract of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. However, these effects are often influenced by treatments and can rarely be analyzed in treatment-naïve onset cases. Specifically, microbial differences between IBD pathologies in new onset cases have rarely been investigated and can provide novel insight into the dynamics of the microbiota in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS Fifty-six treatment-naïve IBD onset patients (67.3% CD, 32.7% UC) and 97 healthy controls were recruited from the Maltese population. Stool samples were collected after diagnosis but before administration of anti-inflammatory treatments. Fecal microbial communities were assessed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing and subjected to ecological analyses to determine disease-specific differences between pathologies and disease subtypes or to predict future treatment options. RESULTS We identified significant differences in community composition, variability, and diversity between healthy and diseased individuals-but only small to no differences between the newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve UC and CD cohorts. Network analyses revealed massive turnover of bacterial interactions between healthy and diseased communities, as well as between CD and UC communities, as signs of disease-specific changes of community dynamics. Furthermore, we identified taxa and community characteristics serving as predictors for prospective treatments. CONCLUSION Untreated and newly diagnosed IBD shows clear differences from healthy microbial communities and an elevated level of disturbance, but only the network perspective revealed differences between pathologies. Furthermore, future IBD treatment is to some extent predictable by microbial community characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Rausch
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah Ellul
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mater Dei Hospital, Malta
| | - Anthea Pisani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Malta
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Trevor Tabone
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Malta
| | | | - Graziella Zahra
- Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Mater Dei Hospital, Malta
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Pierre Ellul
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Malta
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Tain YL, Hsu CN. Role of the Gut Microbiota in Children with Kidney Disease. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020269. [PMID: 36832398 PMCID: PMC9955067 DOI: 10.3390/children10020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of the composition and structure of the gut microbiota, namely dysbiosis, dictates the pathophysiology of kidney diseases. The bidirectional kidney-gut axis is of interest in chronic kidney disease (CKD); the uremic milieu leads to intestinal dysbiosis and gut microbial metabolites and toxins implicated in the loss of kidney function and increased comorbidity burden. Considering that kidney diseases can originate in childhood or even earlier in fetal life, identification of the pathogenetic connection between gut microbiota dysbiosis and the development of pediatric renal diseases deserves more attention. This review concentrates on the pathogenic link between dysbiotic gut microbiota and pediatric renal diseases, covering CKD, kidney transplantation, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, and idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Gut microbiota-targeted therapies including dietary intervention, probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics and fecal microbial transplantation are discussed for their potential for the treatment of pediatric renal diseases. A deeper understanding of gut microbiota in pediatric renal diseases will aid in developing innovative gut microbiota-targeted interventions for preventing or attenuating the global burden of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975-368-975; Fax: +886-7733-8009
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Kuo YJ, Chen CJ, Hussain B, Tsai HC, Hsu GJ, Chen JS, Asif A, Fan CW, Hsu BM. Inferring Bacterial Community Interactions and Functionalities Associated with Osteopenia and Osteoporosis in Taiwanese Postmenopausal Women. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020234. [PMID: 36838199 PMCID: PMC9959971 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota and their metabolites are associated with bone homeostasis and fragility. However, this association is limited to microbial taxonomic differences. This study aimed to explore whether gut bacterial community associations, composition, and functions are associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis. We compared the gut bacterial community composition and interactions of healthy postmenopausal women with normal bone density (n = 8) with those of postmenopausal women with osteopenia (n = 18) and osteoporosis (n = 21) through 16S rRNA sequencing coupled with network biology and statistical analyses. The results of this study showed reduced alpha diversity in patients with osteoporosis, followed by that in patients with osteopenia, then in healthy controls. Taxonomic analysis revealed that significantly enriched bacterial genera with higher abundance was observed in patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia than in healthy subjects. Additionally, a co-occurrence network revealed that, compared to healthy controls, bacterial interactions were higher in patients with osteoporosis, followed by those with osteopenia. Further, NetShift analysis showed that a higher number of bacteria drove changes in the microbial community structure of patients with osteoporosis than osteopenia. Correlation analysis revealed that most of these driver bacteria had a significant positive relationship with several significant metabolic pathways. Further, ordination analysis revealed that height and T-score were the primary variables influencing the gut microbial community structure. Taken together, this study evaluated that microbial community interaction is more important than the taxonomic differences in knowing the critical role of gut microbiota in postmenopausal women associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis. Additionally, the significantly enriched bacteria and functional pathways might be potential biomarkers for the prognosis and treatment of postmenopausal women with osteopenia and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jie Kuo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Chen
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi 622, Taiwan
| | - Bashir Hussain
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chi Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Jong Hsu
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 621, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-S.C.); (B.-M.H.); Tel.: +886-7-6151806 (J.-S.C.); +886-52720411 (ext. 66218) (B.-M.H.)
| | - Aslia Asif
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan
- Doctoral Program in Science, Technology, Environment and Mathematics, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Fan
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Mu Hsu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-S.C.); (B.-M.H.); Tel.: +886-7-6151806 (J.-S.C.); +886-52720411 (ext. 66218) (B.-M.H.)
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12
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Kawalec A, Kiliś-Pstrusińska K. Gut Microbiota Alterations and Primary Glomerulonephritis in Children: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010574. [PMID: 36614013 PMCID: PMC9820462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The article summarizes the current evidence on the impact of microbiota alterations on immune-mediated primary glomerulonephritis in children. In particular, the focus is on the link between dysbiosis and the onset or recurrence of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, immunoglobulin A nephropathy, and membranous nephropathy. The aim is to describe possible pathomechanisms, differences in gut microbiota composition between pediatric patients and healthy controls, and possible usage of microbiota manipulations in supportive therapy. On this basis, we attempt to indicate directions for further research in that field.
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13
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Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Cui W, Wang Z, Wang X, Wu F, Wang P, Wang T, Yu W, Wang L, Shang J, Zhao Z. Characterization and diagnostic value of the gut microbial composition in patients with minimal change disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1070569. [PMID: 36561217 PMCID: PMC9763583 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1070569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Minimal change disease (MCD) is one of the most common causes of primary nephrotic syndrome with high morbidity. This study aimed to explore the typical alterations of gut microbiota in MCD and establish a non-invasive classifier using key gut microbiome. We also aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficiency of gut microbiota intervention in MCD through animal experiments. Methods: A total of 222 stool samples were collected from MCD patients and healthy controls at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Shandong Provincial Hospital for 16S rRNA sequencing. Optimum operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained for constructing a diagnostic model. MCD rat models were established using doxorubicin hydrochloride for exploring the therapeutic efficiency of gut microbial intervention through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Results: The α-diversity of gut microbiota decreased in MCD patients when compared with healthy controls. The relative abundance of bacterial species also changed significantly. We constructed a diagnostic model based on eight optimal OTUs and it achieved efficiency of 97.81% in discovery cohort. The high efficiency of diagnostic model was also validated in the patients with different disease states and cross-regional cohorts. The treatment partially recovered the gut microbial dysbiosis in patients with MCD. In animal experiments, likewise, the gut microbiota changed sharply in MCD rats. However, gut microbial interventions did not reduce urinary protein or pathological kidney damage. Conclusion: Gut Microbiota shifts sharply in both patients and rats with MCD. Typical microbial changes can be used as biomarkers for MCD diagnosis. The gut microbiota compositions in patients with MCD tended to normalize after treatment. However, the intervention of gut microbiota seems to have no therapeutic effect on MCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiding Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yukun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wen Cui
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Biobank of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jin Shang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Laboratory Animal Platform of Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Laboratory of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,*Correspondence: Zhanzheng Zhao, ; Jin Shang,
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Laboratory Animal Platform of Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Laboratory of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,*Correspondence: Zhanzheng Zhao, ; Jin Shang,
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14
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Ardalan M, Ahmadian E, Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Rahbar Saadat Y, Bastami M, Bagheri Y, Zununi Vahed F, Shoja MM, Zununi Vahed S. Microbiota and glomerulonephritis: An immunological point of view. Am J Med Sci 2022; 364:695-705. [PMID: 35870511 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2022.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Glomerular injury is the major cause of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) worldwide and is characterized by proteinuria. Glomerulonephritis (GN) has a wide spectrum of etiologies, the intensity of glomerular damage, histopathology, and clinical outcomes that can be associated with the landscape of the nephritogenic immune response. Beyond impaired immune responses and genetic factors, recent evidence indicates that microbiota can be contributed to the pathogenesis of GN and patients' outcomes by impacting many aspects of the innate and adaptive immune systems. It is still unknown whether dysbiosis induces GN or it is a secondary effect of the disease. Several factors such as drugs and nutritional problems can lead to dysbiosis in GN patients. It has been postulated that gut dysbiosis activates immune responses, promotes a state of systemic inflammation, and produces uremic toxins contributing to kidney tissue inflammation, apoptosis, and subsequent proteinuric nephropathy. In this review, the impact of gastrointestinal tract (GI) microbiota on the pathogenesis of the primary GN will be highlighted. The application of therapeutic interventions based on the manipulation of gut microbiota with special diets and probiotic supplementation can be effective in GN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elham Ahmadian
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Milad Bastami
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Yasin Bagheri
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammadali M Shoja
- Clinical Academy of Teaching and Learning, Ross University School of Medicine, Miramar, FL, USA
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15
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Gong J, He L, Zou Q, Zhao Y, Zhang B, Xia R, Chen B, Cao M, Gong W, Lin L, Lin X, Wang G, Guo M, He J, Xiao C, Chen J. Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels with the gut microbiota and metabolites in postmenopausal women in China. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:137. [PMID: 35820909 PMCID: PMC9275287 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01858-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency is associated with an altered microbiota in older men. However, the relationship between the gut microbiota and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels remains unknown in postmenopausal women. In this study, fecal microbiota profiles for 88 postmenopausal women in the high 25(OH)D (HVD) group (n = 44) and the low 25(OH)D (LVD) group (n = 44) were determined. An integrated 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS)-based metabolomics approach was applied to explore the association of serum 25(OH)D levels with the gut microbiota and fecal metabolic phenotype. Adjustments were made using several statistical models for potential confounding variables identified from the literature. Results The results demonstrated that the community diversity estimated by the Observe, Chao1 and ACE indexes was significantly lower in the LVD group than in the HVD group. Additionally, two kinds of characteristic differences in the microflora were analyzed in the HVD group, and ten kinds of characteristic differences in the microflora were analyzed in the LVD group. We observed that some bacteria belonging to the genera Bifidobacterium, Bacillus, F0332 and Gemella, were enriched in the LVD group, as were other genera, including Lachnoclostridium, UC5_1_2E3, Ruminococcus_gnavus_group and un_f_Lachnospiraceae. Christensenellaceae, Eggerthellaceae and Cloacibacillus were enriched in the HVD group. The L-pyroglutamic acid, inosine, and L-homocysteic acid levels were higher in the HVD group and were negatively correlated with the 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid and cholic acid metabolic levels. Conclusions These observations provide a better understanding of the relationships between serum 25(OH)D levels and the fecal microbiota and metabolites in postmenopausal women. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01858-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Gong
- Xiamen Institute of Union Respiratory Health, Xiamen, China
| | - Lina He
- Key Laboratory for Research on Active Ingredients in Natural Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Qinyuan Zou
- Key Laboratory for Research on Active Ingredients in Natural Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Yangyang Zhao
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bangzhou Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rongmu Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baolong Chen
- Xiamen Treatgut Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Man Cao
- Xiamen Treatgut Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Wenxiu Gong
- Xiamen Treatgut Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Xiamen Treatgut Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Xiujuan Lin
- Xiamen Treatgut Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Guowei Wang
- Institute of Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muyun Guo
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Anyang District Hospital, Anyang, China
| | - Jianquan He
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China. .,Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Chuanxing Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China. .,Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China. .,School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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16
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Clinical Efficacy of Persian Medicine Diet Combined with Western Medicine-Based Diet on Proteinuria in Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2279209. [PMID: 35656469 PMCID: PMC9155912 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2279209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a common chronic kidney disorder during childhood. The most important characteristic of this disease is proteinuria. The Persian medicine (PM) has important dietary recommendations for strengthening the kidney function and treatment of this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a diet including PM recommendations and general principles of Western medicine. Materials and Methods Twenty children with nephrotic syndrome were randomly divided into intervention and control groups and monitored for one month. The control group received a diet based on the general principles of Western medicine. In the intervention group, in addition to the Western medicine diet, dietary recommendations of PM were also prescribed including the pomegranate (Cydonia oblonga mill.), quince (Cydonia oblonga mill.), and whole grains (wheat and barley). A 24-hour dietary questionnaire was applied and anthropometric and biochemical indices including spot urine protein (proteinuria), albumin (Alb), urea, creatinine (Cr), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) were measured before and after the study. Results The amount of protein intake reduced significantly in the diet of both groups but the differences between the two groups were not significant. Proteinuria reduced significantly in both the Western and PM groups; however, proteinuria was significantly lower in the Persian medicine group compared to the control group. TC and Cr levels reduced significantly in the intervention group, although the changes were not significant compared to the control group. Conclusion The results of this study showed that adding dietary recommendations of the Persian medicine to the general rules of the Western medicine diet reduced proteinuria and improved the combat against nephrotic syndrome.
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Hsu CN, Tain YL. Chronic Kidney Disease and Gut Microbiota: What Is Their Connection in Early Life? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3954. [PMID: 35409313 PMCID: PMC9000069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut-kidney interaction implicating chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been the focus of increasing interest in recent years. Gut microbiota-targeted therapies could prevent CKD and its comorbidities. Considering that CKD can originate in early life, its treatment and prevention should start in childhood or even earlier in fetal life. Therefore, a better understanding of how the early-life gut microbiome impacts CKD in later life and how to develop ideal early interventions are unmet needs to reduce CKD. The purpose of the current review is to summarize (1) the current evidence on the gut microbiota dysbiosis implicated in pediatric CKD; (2) current knowledge supporting the impact of the gut-kidney axis in CKD, including inflammation, immune response, alterations of microbiota compositions, short-chain fatty acids, and uremic toxins; and (3) an overview of the studies documenting early gut microbiota-targeted interventions in animal models of CKD of developmental origins. Treatment options include prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, etc. To accelerate the transition of gut microbiota-based therapies for early prevention of CKD, an extended comprehension of gut microbiota dysbiosis implicated in renal programming is needed, as well as a greater focus on pediatric CKD for further clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
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18
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Abstract
Prednisone (PRED) is a synthetic glucocorticoid (GC) widely used in immune-mediated diseases for its immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties. The effects of GC are achieved by genomic and nongenomic mechanisms. However, the nongenomic effects are largely unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate how long-term prednisone therapy changes the composition of the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a control (CON) group and a PRED group, which received prednisone treatment daily for 6 weeks by gavage. The V3 to V4 regions of bacterial 16S rRNA genes were amplified and sequenced after the total bacterial DNA was extracted from fecal samples. The alpha and beta diversities were calculated. The compositional alteration of the gut microbiota at different taxonomic levels was analyzed using the Metastats method. Meanwhile, the fecal metabolites were quantitated in an ultra-performance liquid chromatography system. Similar microbial richness and diversity between the CON and PRED groups were indicated by the alpha diversity results. The gut microbial communities differed significantly between two groups. The relative abundances of the genera Eisenbergiella, Alistipes, and Clostridium XIVb decreased, whereas that of Anaerobacterium increased significantly in rats after the 6-week prednisone treatment. In total, 11 downregulated and 10 upregulated fecal metabolites were identified. Differential fecal metabolites were enriched in the pathways, including phenylalanine metabolism, butanoate metabolism, and propanoate metabolism. The lowered production of short-chain fatty acids was associated with the decreased relative abundance of the genera Alistipes and Clostridium XIVb and increased abundance of the genus Anaerobacterium. The composition of the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites was changed after long-term prednisone treatment. This may help us to understand the pharmacology of prednisone. IMPORTANCE Prednisone is widely used in chronic glomerular diseases, immunological disorders, and rheumatic diseases for its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. It is a synthetic glucocorticoid (GC) that shows therapeutic effects after conversion to prednisolone by the liver. Prolonged GC therapy causes anti-inflammatory effects; it also results in a variety of adverse events, including obesity, hypertension, psychiatric symptoms, and dyslipidemia. The therapeutic effects and adverse events of GCs may be associated with changes in the gut microbiota, as the host might be affected by the metabolites generated by the altered gut microbes. Thus, we investigated how long-term prednisone therapy changed the composition of the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in rats. This study may shed new light on the pharmacology of prednisone.
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19
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Tsuji S, Kaneko K. The long and winding road to the etiology of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children: Focusing on abnormalities in the gut microbiota. Pediatr Int 2021; 63:1011-1019. [PMID: 33657643 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Childhood nephrotic syndrome is idiopathic in 90% of cases. Despite its relatively high prevalence (30-35 per 100 000 individuals under 15 years old), the etiology of the disease remains elusive. It has become clear that oxidants are elevated, and antioxidants are decreased, at onset of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). It was suggested that overexpression of podocyte CD80 induced by abnormalities of Tregs was involved in the pathogenesis of INS. Subsequently, it became clear that quantitative or qualitative reduction of Tregs has a profound impact on the development of INS. To address why Tregs are decreased at onset of INS, it was hypothesized that a decrease in Tregs may be associated with dysbiosis. Given the critical role of butyrate-producing bacteria in the differentiation of Tregs, the gut microbiota was analyzed with a particular focus on the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria, and it was found that pediatric patients with INS had low levels of butyrate in their stool and a low percentage of butyrate-producing bacteria. Interestingly, it was recently reported that gut dysbiosis increases oxidative stress in the intestinal tract. Taken together, we currently hypothesize that gut dysbiosis is associated with a predisposition to INS because of immunological abnormalities characterized by abnormal Tregs with increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunari Kaneko
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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20
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Maier JI, Rogg M, Helmstädter M, Sammarco A, Walz G, Werner M, Schell C. A Novel Model for Nephrotic Syndrome Reveals Associated Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiome and Extramedullary Hematopoiesis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061509. [PMID: 34203913 PMCID: PMC8232754 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerular kidney disease causing nephrotic syndrome is a complex systemic disorder and is associated with significant morbidity in affected patient populations. Despite its clinical relevance, well-established models are largely missing to further elucidate the implications of uncontrolled urinary protein loss. To overcome this limitation, we generated a novel, inducible, podocyte-specific transgenic mouse model (Epb41l5fl/fl*Nphs1-rtTA-3G*tetOCre), developing nephrotic syndrome in adult mice. Animals were comprehensively characterized, including microbiome analysis and multiplexed immunofluorescence imaging. Induced knockout mice developed a phenotype consistent with focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS). Although these mice showed hallmark features of severe nephrotic syndrome (including proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and dyslipidemia), they did not exhibit overt chronic kidney disease (CKD) phenotypes. Analysis of the gut microbiome demonstrated distinct dysbiosis and highly significant enrichment of the Alistipes genus. Moreover, Epb41l5-deficient mice developed marked organ pathologies, including extramedullary hematopoiesis of the spleen. Multiplex immunofluorescence imaging demonstrated red pulp macrophage proliferation and mTOR activation as driving factors of hematopoietic niche expansion. Thus, this novel mouse model for adult-onset nephrotic syndrome reveals the significant impact of proteinuria on extra-renal manifestations, demonstrating the versatility of this model for nephrotic syndrome-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin I. Maier
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.I.M.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Manuel Rogg
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.I.M.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Martin Helmstädter
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.H.); (G.W.)
| | - Alena Sammarco
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.I.M.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Gerd Walz
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.H.); (G.W.)
| | - Martin Werner
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.I.M.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Christoph Schell
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.I.M.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Guo J, Han X, Huang W, You Y, Zhan J. Gut dysbiosis during early life: causes, health outcomes, and amelioration via dietary intervention. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7199-7221. [PMID: 33909528 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1912706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The colonization and maturation of gut microbiota (GM) is a delicate and precise process, which continues to influence not only infancy and childhood but also adulthood health by affecting immunity. However, many perinatal factors, including gestational age, delivery mode, antibiotic administration, feeding mode, and environmental and maternal factors, can disturb this well-designed process, increasing the morbidity of various gut dysbiosis-related diseases, such as type-1-diabetes, allergies, necrotizing enterocolitis, and obesity. In this review, we discussed the early-life colonization and maturation of the GM, factors influencing this process, and diseases related to the disruption of this process. Moreover, we focused on discussing dietary interventions, including probiotics, oligosaccharides, nutritional supplementation, and exclusive enteral nutrition, in ameliorating early-life dysbiosis and diseases related to it. Furthermore, possible mechanisms, and shortcomings, as well as potential solutions to the drawbacks of dietary interventions, were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielong Guo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Han
- Peking University School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin You
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Zhan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Li L, Wang M, Chen J, Xu Z, Wang S, Xia X, Liu D, Wang S, Xie C, Wu J, Li J, Zhang J, Wang M, Zhu J, Ling C, Xu S. Preventive Effects of Bacillus licheniformis on Heat Stroke in Rats by Sustaining Intestinal Barrier Function and Modulating Gut Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:630841. [PMID: 33889138 PMCID: PMC8055866 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.630841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stroke (HS) models in rats are associated with severe intestinal injury, which is often considered as the key event at the onset of HS. Probiotics can regulate the gut microbiota by inhibiting the colonization of harmful bacteria and promoting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria. Here, we investigated the preventive effects of a probiotic Bacillus licheniformis strain (BL, CMCC 63516) on HS rats as well as its effects on intestinal barrier function and gut microbiota. All rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (Con) + PBS (pre-administration with 1 ml PBS twice a day for 7 days, without HS induction), Con + BL group (pre-administration with 1 ml 1 × 108 CFU/ml BL twice a day for 7 days, without HS induction), HS + PBS (PBS, with HS induction), and HS + BL (BL, with HS induction). Before the study, the BL strain was identified by genomic DNA analysis. Experimental HS was induced by placing rats in a hot and humid chamber for 60 min until meeting the diagnostic criterion of HS onset. Body weight, core body temperature, survival rate, biochemical markers, inflammatory cytokines, and histopathology were investigated to evaluate the preventive effects of BL on HS. D-Lactate, I-FABP, endotoxin, and tight-junction proteins were investigated, and the fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD-4) test administered, to assess the degree of intestinal injury and integrity. Gut microbiota of rats in each group were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. The results showed that pre-administration with BL significantly attenuated hyperthermia, reduced HS-induced death, alleviated multiple-organ injury, and decreased the levels of serum inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, BL sustained the intestinal barrier integrity of HS rats by alleviating intestinal injury and improving tight junctions. We also found that BL significantly increased the ratios of two probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus and Lactococcus. In addition, Romboutsia, a candidate biomarker for HS diagnosis, was unexpectedly detected. In summary, BL pre-administration for 7 days has preventative effects on HS that may be mediated by sustaining intestinal barrier function and modulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jikuai Chen
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuoran Xu
- First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Xia
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyu Xie
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianghong Wu
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiqianzhu Zhang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meitang Wang
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangbo Zhu
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changquan Ling
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuogui Xu
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Banerjee A, Pradhan LK, Sahoo PK, Jena KK, Chauhan NR, Chauhan S, Das SK. Unravelling the potential of gut microbiota in sustaining brain health and their current prospective towards development of neurotherapeutics. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:2895-2910. [PMID: 33763767 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02276-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing incidences of neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are being reported, but an insight into their pathology remains elusive. Findings have suggested that gut microbiota play a major role in regulating brain functions through the gut-brain axis. A unique bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and maintenance of brain health could play a pivotal role in regulating incidences of neurodegenerative diseases. Contrarily, the present life style with changing food habits and disturbed circadian rhythm may contribute to gut homeostatic imbalance and dysbiosis leading to progression of several neurological disorders. Therefore, dysbiosis, as a primary factor behind intestinal disorders, may also augment inflammation, intestinal and blood-brain barrier permeability through microbiota-gut-brain axis. This review primarily focuses on the gut-brain axis functions, specific gut microbial population, metabolites produced by gut microbiota, their role in regulating various metabolic processes and role of gut microbiota towards development of neurodegenerative diseases. However, several studies have reported a decrease in abundance of a specific gut microbial population and a corresponding increase in other microbial family, with few findings revealing some contradictions. Reports also showed that colonization of gut microbiota isolated from patients suffering from neurodegenerative disease leads to the development of enhance pathological outcomes in animal models. Hence, a systematic understanding of the dominant role of specific gut microbiome towards development of different neurodegenerative diseases could possibly provide novel insight into the use of probiotics and microbial transplantation as a substitute approach for treating/preventing such health maladies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Banerjee
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Lilesh Kumar Pradhan
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Pradyumna Kumar Sahoo
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Kautilya Kumar Jena
- Autophagy Laboratory, Infectious Disease Biology Division, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Nishant Ranjan Chauhan
- Autophagy Laboratory, Infectious Disease Biology Division, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Santosh Chauhan
- Autophagy Laboratory, Infectious Disease Biology Division, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Saroj Kumar Das
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India.
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Gut Microbiota Profile in Adult Patients with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8854969. [PMID: 33681383 PMCID: PMC7910048 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8854969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Increasing evidences have reported gut microbiota dysbiosis in many diseases, including chronic kidney disease and pediatric idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). There is lack evidence of intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in adults with INS, however. Here, we to address the association between the gut microbiome and INS. Methods Stool samples of 35 adult INS patients and 35 healthy volunteers were collected. Total bacterial DNA was extracted, and the V4 regions of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene were sequenced. The fecal microbiome was analyzed using bioinformatics. The correlation analysis between altered taxa and clinical parameters was also included. Results We found that microbial diversity in the gut was reduced in adult patients with INS. Acidobacteria, Negativicutes, Selenomonadales, Veillonellaceae, Clostridiaceae, Dialister, Rombousia, Ruminiclostridium, Lachnospira, Alloprevotella, Clostridium sensu stricto, Megamonas, and Phascolarctobacterium were significantly reduced, while Pasteurellales, Parabacteroides, Bilophila, Enterococcus, Eubacterium ventriosum, and Lachnoclostridium were markedly increased in patients with INS. In addition, Burkholderiales, Alcaligenaceae, and Barnesiella were negatively correlated with serum creatinine. Blood urea nitrogen levels were positively correlated with Christensenellaceae, Bacteroidales_S24.7, Ruminococcaceae, Ruminococcus, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136, but were negatively correlated with Flavonifractor_plautii and Erysipelatoclostridium_ramosum. Enterobacteriales, Enterobacteriaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Escherichia/Shigella, Parabacteroides, and Escherichia_coli were positively correlated with albumin. Proteinuria was positively correlated with Verrucomicrobia, Coriobacteriia, Thermoleophilia, Ignavibacteria, Coriobacteriales, Nitrosomonadales, Coriobacteriaceae, and Blautia, but was negatively correlated with Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, and Alcaligenaceae. Conclusion Our findings show compositional alterations of intestinal microbiota in adult patients with INS and correlations between significantly altered taxa and clinical parameters, which points out the direction for the development of new diagnostics and therapeutic approaches targeted intestinal microbiota.
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Du D, Tang W, Zhou C, Sun X, Wei Z, Zhong J, Huang Z. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Is a Promising Method to Restore Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Relieve Neurological Deficits after Traumatic Brain Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5816837. [PMID: 33628361 PMCID: PMC7894052 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5816837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can induce persistent fluctuation in the gut microbiota makeup and abundance. The present study is aimed at determining whether fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can rescue microbiota changes and ameliorate neurological deficits after TBI in rats. METHODS A controlled cortical impact (CCI) model was used to simulate TBI in male Sprague-Dawley rats, and FMT was performed for 7 consecutive days. 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing of fecal samples was performed to analyze the effects of FMT on gut microbiota. Modified neurological severity score and Morris water maze were used to evaluate neurobehavioral functions. Metabolomics was used to screen differential metabolites from the rat serum and ipsilateral brains. The oxidative stress indices were measured in the brain. RESULTS TBI induced significance changes in the gut microbiome, including the alpha- and beta-bacterial diversity, as well as the microbiome composition at 8 days after TBI. On the other hand, FMT could rescue these changes and relieve neurological deficits after TBI. Metabolomics results showed that the level of trimethylamine (TMA) in feces and the level of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the ipsilateral brain and serum was increased after TBI, while FMT decreased TMA levels in the feces, and TMAO levels in the ipsilateral brain and serum. Antioxidant enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) in the ipsilateral hippocampus was decreased after TBI but increased after FMT. In addition, FMT elevated SOD and CAT activities and GSH/GSSG ratio and diminished ROS, GSSG, and MDA levels in the ipsilateral hippocampus after TBI. CONCLUSIONS FMT can restore gut microbiota dysbiosis and relieve neurological deficits possibly through the TMA-TMAO-MsrA signaling pathway after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhengqiang Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jianjun Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhijian Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Yamaguchi T, Tsuji S, Akagawa S, Akagawa Y, Kino J, Yamanouchi S, Kimata T, Hashiyada M, Akane A, Kaneko K. Clinical Significance of Probiotics for Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020365. [PMID: 33530312 PMCID: PMC7911438 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that a decrease in butyrate-producing bacteria in the gut is a potential cause of regulatory T cell (Treg) abnormalities in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). Therefore, we hypothesized that administration of butyrate-producing bacteria might reduce INS relapse and the need for immunosuppressants in these patients. Twenty patients in remission from INS (median age 5.3 years, 15 boys) were enrolled in the study and assigned to receive either daily oral treatment with a preparation of 3 g Clostridium butyricum or no probiotic treatment. The number of relapses and requirement for immunosuppressive agents were compared between the two groups. In the probiotic treatment group, analyses of the gut microbiota and Treg measurements were also performed. Probiotic-treated patients experienced fewer INS relapses per year compared with non-probiotic-treated patients (p = 0.016). Further, administration of rituximab in the probiotic treatment group was significantly less frequent compared with the non-probiotic-treated group (p = 0.025). In the probiotic treatment group, analyses before and after probiotic treatment revealed the significant increases in the relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria (p = 0.017) and blood Treg counts (p = 0.0065). Thus, oral administration of butyrate-producing bacteria during INS remission may reduce the frequency of relapse and the need for immunosuppressive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1010, Japan; (T.Y.); (S.T.); (S.A.); (Y.A.); (J.K.); (S.Y.); (T.K.)
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1010, Japan; (T.Y.); (S.T.); (S.A.); (Y.A.); (J.K.); (S.Y.); (T.K.)
| | - Shohei Akagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1010, Japan; (T.Y.); (S.T.); (S.A.); (Y.A.); (J.K.); (S.Y.); (T.K.)
| | - Yuko Akagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1010, Japan; (T.Y.); (S.T.); (S.A.); (Y.A.); (J.K.); (S.Y.); (T.K.)
| | - Jiro Kino
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1010, Japan; (T.Y.); (S.T.); (S.A.); (Y.A.); (J.K.); (S.Y.); (T.K.)
| | - Sohsaku Yamanouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1010, Japan; (T.Y.); (S.T.); (S.A.); (Y.A.); (J.K.); (S.Y.); (T.K.)
| | - Takahisa Kimata
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1010, Japan; (T.Y.); (S.T.); (S.A.); (Y.A.); (J.K.); (S.Y.); (T.K.)
| | - Masaki Hashiyada
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1010, Japan; (M.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Atsushi Akane
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1010, Japan; (M.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Kazunari Kaneko
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1010, Japan; (T.Y.); (S.T.); (S.A.); (Y.A.); (J.K.); (S.Y.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-728-040-101 (ext. 2560)
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27
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Li W, Lu L, Liu B, Qin S. Effects of phycocyanin on pulmonary and gut microbiota in a radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110826. [PMID: 33068929 PMCID: PMC7556228 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Radiation pneumonia and fibrosis are major clinical complications of radiotherapy for thoracic tumor patients, and may significantly reduce survival and quality of life. At present, no safe and effective radiation protection measures have been approved for clinical use. Phycocyanin, a protein responsible for photosynthesis from Spirulina, has been shown to have a variety of biological activities and to be beneficial for a variety of diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis. However, the preventive and protective effects of phycocyanin on radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis have not been studied. Design X-ray single dose irradiation was used on the chest of mice to prepare a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis, from which the effect of phycocyanin on pulmonary histopathologic change, pulmonary fibrosis, the microbiota in lung and gut, LPS, TNF-α, and IL-6 at different time after irradiation were evaluated. Results Phycocyanin alleviated the radiation-induced lung injury and reduced the level of inflammatory factors. Thorax irradiation led to the disorder in microbiota of the lung and gut. The variation trend of the diversity of the two tissues was opposite, but that of the microbiota composition was similar. The phycocyanin intervention regulated the composition of the lung and gut microbiota, transformed them into normal state, and reduced the level of LPS, which significantly reduced the abundance of inflammation-related bacteria, and increased the abundance of probiotics that produce short-chain fatty acids. Conclusion Phycocyanin could regulate the radiation-induced disorder in lung and gut microbiota of mice, and reduce the radiation-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Lina Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China.
| | - Song Qin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, PR China.
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