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Zheng A, Guo Z, Li C, Zhang Z, Li C, Yao J, Wang X, Li J, Zhao S, Wang W, Zhang W, Zhou L. A wide-range UAC sensor for the classification of hyperuricemia in spot samples. Talanta 2024; 266:125102. [PMID: 37651905 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA) has received wide attention as an independent risk factor for various chronic diseases. HUA is usually asymptomatic, and the related damage can be reduced by effective classification and treatment according to uric acid clearance (UAC). UAC is a calculated ratio based on the uric acid level in blood and urine. This important method is not universally used due to the inconvenience of collecting 24-h urine samples in the clinic, and most sensors are limited by the need for wide ranges and for two testing samples. In this study, a pH-sensitive urate oxidase-modified electrochemical sensor with filter membrane was proposed to calculate UAC by detecting uric acid in blood and urine. The results demonstrated that the sensor had high selectivity for uric acid with a detection limit of 0.25 μM in 5 μL spot sample, the wide linear range was 2.5-7000 μM, and the impact of the sample pH was calibrated. The linear correlation of the measurement results between the UAC sensor and clinical instrument was higher than 0.980 for 87 patients. The change in UAC in spot urine may reflect alteration in body-transport mechanisms. Thus, the UAC sensor may open a new window for the management of HUA and broaden its application in point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anran Zheng
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China; School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China; School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Suzhou CASENS Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Chao Li
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China; School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Chuanyu Li
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China; School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Suzhou CASENS Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Jia Yao
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China; School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jinze Li
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China; School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Shasha Zhao
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Suzhou, 215153, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China; School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Lianqun Zhou
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China; School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Suzhou CASENS Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215163, China.
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Zi X, Zhang X, Hao C, Wang Z. Risk factors and management of hyperuricemia after renal transplantation. Front Surg 2023; 9:956213. [PMID: 36760666 PMCID: PMC9904410 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.956213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a common complication after renal transplantation. Currently, there is no uniform consensus on factors which increase the risk for and treatment of HUA in renal transplant recipients. The purpose of this review is to summarize current and proposed risk factors and strategies to manage HUA after renal transplantation in order to assist renal function protection and prolong graft survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zi
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chuan Hao
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,Correspondence: Chuan Hao Zhenxing Wang
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,Correspondence: Chuan Hao Zhenxing Wang
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Alkilany R, Einstadter D, Antonelli M. Urate-lowering therapy for patients with gout on hemodialysis. Int J Rheum Dis 2022; 25:769-774. [PMID: 35570645 PMCID: PMC9542196 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis and is caused by deposition of monosodium urate crystals resulting from a high burden of uric acid (UA). High UA burden also has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in the general population and progression to chronic kidney disease. In persons with gout and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), prior studies suggest that UA levels decrease after initiation of hemodialysis (HD). We evaluated UA level and the use of urate-lowering therapies (ULTs) in patients with gout and ESRD on HD. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of patients with gout and ESRD seen at a large urban public hospital (The MetroHealth System). We extracted data from the medical record (Epic) for patients diagnosed with gout and ESRD on HD. The main outcomes were the UA level and the use of ULTs before and after HD initiation. RESULTS We identified 131 patients with gout on HD. Of these, 21 patients had crystal proven gout diagnosis, 10 of whom had data on UA level pre-HD and post-HD and were included in the analysis. For the total sample (N = 21), the mean age was 65 years, 7 were female and 20 were African American. Mean pre-HD and post-HD UA levels were 8.4 and 3.98 mg/dL respectively. Twenty-one patients were receiving ULT pre-HD, 11 discontinued post-HD. CONCLUSION Among patients with gout and ESRD, we observed a decrease in UA level associated with initiation of HD. For this group, discontinuation of ULTs may be appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Alkilany
- Department of MedicineDivision of RheumatologyMetroHealth Medical Center/Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Douglas Einstadter
- Center for Health Care Research and Policy, and Department of Internal MedicineMetroHealth Medical Center/Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Maria Antonelli
- Department of MedicineDivision of RheumatologyMetroHealth Medical Center/Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
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Shao G, Himmelfarb J, Hinds BJ. Strategies for optimizing urea removal to enable portable kidney dialysis: A reappraisal. Artif Organs 2022; 46:997-1011. [PMID: 35383963 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Portable hemodialysis has the potential to improve health outcomes and quality of life for patients with kidney failure at reduced costs. Urea removal, required for dialysate regeneration, is a central function of any existing/potential portable dialysis device. Urea in the spent dialysate coexists with non-urea uremic toxins, nutrients, and electrolytes, all of which will interfere with the urea removal efficiency, regardless of whether the underlying urea removal mechanism is based on urease conversion, direct urea adsorption, or oxidation. The aim of the current review is to identify the amount of the most prevalent chemicals being removed during a single dialysis session and evaluate the potential benefits of an urea-selective membrane for portable dialysis. METHODS We have performed a literature search using Web of Science and PubMed databases to find available articles reporting (or be able to calculate from blood plasma concentration) > 5 mg of individually quantified solutes removed during thrice-weekly hemodialysis sessions. If multiple reports of the same solute were available, the reported values were averaged, and the geometric mean of standard deviations was taken. Further critical literature analysis of reported dialysate regeneration methods was performed using Web of Science and PubMed databases. RESULTS On average, 46.0 g uremic retention solutes are removed in a single conventional dialysis session, out of which urea is only 23.6 g. For both urease- and sorbent-based urea removal mechanisms, amino acids, with 7.7 g removal per session, could potentially interfere with urea removal efficiency. Additionally for the oxidation-based urea removal system, plentiful nutrients such as glucose (24.0 g) will interfere with urea removal by competition. Using a nanofiltration membrane between dialysate and oxidation unit with a molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) of ~200 Da, 67.6 g of non-electrolyte species will be removed in a single dialysis session, out of which 44.0 g are non-urea molecules. If the membrane MWCO is further decreased to 120 Da, the mass of non-electrolyte non-urea species will drop to 9.3 g. Reverse osmosis membranes have been shown to be both effective at blocking the transport of non-urea species (creatinine for example with ~90% rejection ratio), and permissive for urea transport (~20% rejection ratio), making them a promising urea selective membrane to increase the efficiency of the oxidative urea removal system. CONCLUSIONS Compiled are quantified solute removal amounts greater than 5 mg per session during conventional hemodialysis treatments, to act as a guide for portable dialysis system design. Analysis shows that multiple chemical species in the dialysate interfere with all proposed portable urea removal systems. This suggests the need for an additional protective dialysate loop coupled to urea removal system and an urea-selective membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozheng Shao
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Dialysis Innovation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jonathan Himmelfarb
- Center for Dialysis Innovation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Bruce J Hinds
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Dialysis Innovation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Andrade-Guel M, Ávila-Orta CA, Cadenas-Pliego G, Cabello-Alvarado CJ, Pérez-Alvarez M, Reyes-Rodríguez P, Inam F, Cortés-Hernández DA, Quiñones-Jurado ZV. Synthesis of Nylon 6/Modified Carbon Black Nanocomposites for Application in Uric Acid Adsorption. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E5173. [PMID: 33212761 PMCID: PMC7697714 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
High uric acid levels cause different clinic conditions. One of them is hyperuricemia, which leads to kidney damage. A solution for eliminating uric acid in the blood is by hemodialysis, which is performed using nanocomposite membranes. In this work, Nylon 6 nanocomposites were synthesized with modified carbon black (MCB), which were considered candidate materials for hemodialysis membranes. The modification of carbon black was made with citric acid using the variable-frequency ultrasound method. The new MCB was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dispersion tests. Nylon 6/MCB nanocomposites were processed using the ultrasound-assisted melt-extrusion method to improve the dispersion procedure of the nanoparticles. The Nylon 6/MCB nanocomposites were characterized by FTIR, TGA, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). These were assessed for the absorption of toxins and hemocompatibility. MBC and nanocomposites showed excellent uric acid removal (78-82%) and hemocompatibility (1.6-1.8%). These results suggest that Nylon 6/MCB nanocomposites with low loading percentages can be used on a large scale without compatibility problems with blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Andrade-Guel
- Center for Research in Applied Chemistry (CIQA), Saltillo, Coahuila 25294, Mexico; (M.A.-G.); (C.A.Á.-O.); (M.P.-A.); (P.R.-R.)
| | - Carlos A. Ávila-Orta
- Center for Research in Applied Chemistry (CIQA), Saltillo, Coahuila 25294, Mexico; (M.A.-G.); (C.A.Á.-O.); (M.P.-A.); (P.R.-R.)
| | - Gregorio Cadenas-Pliego
- Center for Research in Applied Chemistry (CIQA), Saltillo, Coahuila 25294, Mexico; (M.A.-G.); (C.A.Á.-O.); (M.P.-A.); (P.R.-R.)
| | | | - Marissa Pérez-Alvarez
- Center for Research in Applied Chemistry (CIQA), Saltillo, Coahuila 25294, Mexico; (M.A.-G.); (C.A.Á.-O.); (M.P.-A.); (P.R.-R.)
| | - Pamela Reyes-Rodríguez
- Center for Research in Applied Chemistry (CIQA), Saltillo, Coahuila 25294, Mexico; (M.A.-G.); (C.A.Á.-O.); (M.P.-A.); (P.R.-R.)
| | - Fawad Inam
- Department of Engineering and Construction, University of East London, London E16 2RD, UK
| | - Dora A. Cortés-Hernández
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV) Saltillo Unit. Av. Industria Metalúrgica #1062 Parque Industrial Saltillo-Ramos Arizpe, Saltillo 25900, Mexico;
| | - Zoe V. Quiñones-Jurado
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Durango State Juárez University, Durango C.P. 34120, Mexico;
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