1
|
Cooper K, Nalbant G, Sutton A, Harnan S, Thokala P, Chilcott J, McNeill A, Bessey A. Systematic Review of Newborn Screening Programmes for Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Int J Neonatal Screen 2024; 10:49. [PMID: 39051405 PMCID: PMC11270196 DOI: 10.3390/ijns10030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic neuromuscular disorder causing the degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord. Recent studies suggest greater effectiveness of treatment in the presymptomatic stage. This systematic review synthesises findings from 37 studies (and 3 overviews) of newborn screening for SMA published up to November 2023 across 17 countries to understand the methodologies used; test accuracy performance; and timing, logistics and feasibility of screening. All studies screened for the homozygous deletion of SMN1 exon 7. Most (28 studies) used RT-PCR as the initial test on dried blood spots (DBSs), while nine studies also reported second-tier tests on DBSs for screen-positive cases. Babies testing positive on DBSs were referred for confirmatory testing via a range of methods. Observed SMA birth prevalence ranged from 1 in 4000 to 1 in 20,000. Most studies reported no false-negative or false-positive cases (therefore had a sensitivity and specificity of 100%). Five studies reported either one or two false-negative cases each (total of six cases; three compound heterozygotes and three due to system errors), although some false-negatives may have been missed due to lack of follow-up of negative results. Eleven studies reported false-positive cases, some being heterozygous carriers or potentially related to heparin use. Time to testing and treatment varied between studies. In conclusion, several countries have implemented newborn screening for SMA in the last 5 years using a variety of methods. Implementation considerations include processes for timely initial and confirmatory testing, partnerships between screening and neuromuscular centres, and timely treatment initiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katy Cooper
- School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK; (G.N.); (A.S.); (S.H.); (P.T.); (J.C.); (A.M.); (A.B.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Adrainus Polim A, Handayani N, Kesumapramudya Nurputra D, Melanie Lubis A, Sirait B, Jakobus D, Boediono A, Sini I. Birth of spinal muscular atrophy unaffected baby from genetically at-risk parents following a pre-implantation genetic screening: A case report. Int J Reprod Biomed 2022; 20:779-786. [PMID: 36340666 PMCID: PMC9619123 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v20i9.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is characterized by the homozygous deletion of the survival motor neuron-1 gene. Pre-implantation genetic testing for monogenic diseases through in-vitrofertilization program was developed to provide a reliable genetic diagnostic method for SMA. Case presentation The couple who was confirmed as carriers of SMA visited the Morula IVF Clinic, Jakarta, Indenesia seeking for an in-vitro fertilization expert opinion in relation to the pre-implantation genetic testing for SMA. Utilizing polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, we have successfully screened for unaffected embryos that were characterized by a normal presence of the survival motor neuron-1 exon 7-8 and survival motor neuron-2 exon 7-8. The frozen embryo was subsequently transferred and a healthy unaffected female baby was born with undetected deletion of the survival motor neuron-1 gene. Conclusion This successful embryo pre-implantation screening case could potentially accommodate the demands of genetically at-risk couples who are apprehensive about conceiving a child who might inherit monogenic disorders such as SMA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arie Adrainus Polim
- Morula IVF Jakarta Clinic, Jakarta, Indonesia.,IRSI Research and Training Centre, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atmajaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nining Handayani
- Morula IVF Jakarta Clinic, Jakarta, Indonesia.,IRSI Research and Training Centre, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dian Kesumapramudya Nurputra
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, D.I.Y Jogjakarta, Indonesia.,Graduate Program of Clinical Medicine Science, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, D.I.Y Jogjakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Batara Sirait
- Morula IVF Jakarta Clinic, Jakarta, Indonesia.,IRSI Research and Training Centre, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Arief Boediono
- Morula IVF Jakarta Clinic, Jakarta, Indonesia.,IRSI Research and Training Centre, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ivan Sini
- Morula IVF Jakarta Clinic, Jakarta, Indonesia.,IRSI Research and Training Centre, Jakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhuri D, Gurkan H, Eker D, Karal Y, Yalcintepe S, Atli E, Demir S, Atli EI. Investigation on the Effects of Modifying Genes on the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Phenotype. Glob Med Genet 2022; 9:226-236. [PMID: 36071912 PMCID: PMC9444347 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder caused by the degeneration of motor neurons, muscle weakness, and atrophy that leads to infant's death. The duplication of exon 7/8 in the
SMN2
gene reduces the clinical severity of disease, and it is defined as modifying effect. In this study, we aim to investigate the expression of modifying genes related to the prognosis of SMA like
PLS3
,
PFN2
,
ZPR1
,
CORO1C
,
GTF2H2
,
NRN1
,
SERF1A
,
NCALD
,
NAIP
, and
TIA1. Methods
Seventeen patients, who came to Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Genetics Department, with a preliminary diagnosis of SMA disease, and eight healthy controls were included in this study after multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis. Gene expression levels were determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and delta–delta CT method by the isolation of RNA from peripheral blood of patients and controls.
Results
SERF1A
and
NAIP
genes compared between A group and B + C + D groups, and A group of healthy controls, showed statistically significant differences (
p
= 0.037,
p
= 0.001).
Discussion
PLS3, NAIP
, and
NRN1
gene expressions related to SMA disease have been reported before in the literature. In our study, the expression levels of
SERF1A
,
GTF2H2
,
NCALD
,
ZPR1
,
TIA1
,
PFN2
, and
CORO1C
genes have been studied for the first time in SMA patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Drenushe Zhuri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Hakan Gurkan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Damla Eker
- Department of Medical Genetics, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Karal
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Sinem Yalcintepe
- Department of Medical Genetics, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Engin Atli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Selma Demir
- Department of Medical Genetics, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Emine Ikbal Atli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang R, Gu C, Pu L, Meng Y, Shu J, Cai C. High-throughput screening reveals novel mutations in spinal muscular atrophy patients. Ital J Pediatr 2020; 46:166. [PMID: 33148303 PMCID: PMC7641840 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-00925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive hereditary disease associated with severe muscle atrophy and weakness in the limbs and trunk. The discovery of mutated genes is helpful in diagnosis and treatment for SMA. METHODS Eighty-three whole blood samples were collected from 28 core families of clinically suspected SMA, and multiplex ligation probe amplification (MLPA) was performed. Afterwards, the complete gene sequence of SMN1 gene was detected. Furthermore, 20 SMA patients were selected from the 28 probands, and 5 non SMA children as controls. The Life Technologies SOLiD™ technology with mate-pair chemistry was utilized to conduct the whole exome high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS Twenty-two probands were SMA patients, 3 probands carriers, and 3 probands normal individuals. Moreover, 2 parents from 2 SMA families were with 3 SMN1 exon7 copies. Six SMN1 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were identified in the 83 samples, and c.[84C > T], c.[271C > T], c.[-39A > G] and g.[70240639G > C] were novel. Compared with control group, 9102 mutation were selected out in SMA patients. SPTA1 mutation c.[-41_-40insCTCT], FUT5 SNV c.[1001A > G], and MCCC2 SNV c.[-117A > G] were the 3 most frequent mutations in SMA group (95, 85 and 75%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We identified some mutations in both SMN1 and other genes, and c.[271C > T], c.[-41_-40insCTCT], c.[1001A > G] and c.[-117A > G] might be associated with the onset of SMA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiping Zhang
- Department of Pediatric, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Chunyu Gu
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Linjie Pu
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yingtao Meng
- Tianjin Pediatric Research Institute, Tianjin Children's Hospital, 238 Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Jianbo Shu
- Tianjin Pediatric Research Institute, Tianjin Children's Hospital, 238 Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300134, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin, 300134, China.
| | - Chunquan Cai
- Tianjin Pediatric Research Institute, Tianjin Children's Hospital, 238 Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300134, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin, 300134, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Children's Hospital, 238 Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300134, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Srivastava G, Srivastava P. Spinal muscular atrophy – a revisit of the diagnosis and treatment modalities. Int J Neurosci 2019; 129:1103-1118. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1635128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
6
|
Eissa S, Alshehri N, Abduljabbar M, Rahman AMA, Dasouki M, Nizami IY, Al-Muhaizea MA, Zourob M. Carbon nanofiber-based multiplexed immunosensor for the detection of survival motor neuron 1, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy proteins. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:84-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
7
|
Eissa S, Alshehri N, Rahman AMA, Dasouki M, Abu-Salah KM, Zourob M. Electrochemical immunosensors for the detection of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein using different carbon nanomaterials-modified electrodes. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 101:282-289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|