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Heydari Z, Peshkova M, Gonen ZB, Coretchi I, Eken A, Yay AH, Dogan ME, Gokce N, Akalin H, Kosheleva N, Galea-Abdusa D, Ulinici M, Vorojbit V, Shpichka A, Groppa S, Vosough M, Todiras M, Butnaru D, Ozkul Y, Timashev P. EVs vs. EVs: MSCs and Tregs as a source of invisible possibilities. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:51-63. [PMID: 36527475 PMCID: PMC9759062 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced by various cells and exist in most biological fluids. They play an important role in cell-cell signaling, immune response, and tumor metastasis, and also have theranostic potential. They deliver many functional biomolecules, including DNA, microRNAs (miRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), lipids, and proteins, thus affecting different physiological processes in target cells. Decreased immunogenicity compared to liposomes or viral vectors and the ability to cross through physiological barriers such as the blood-brain barrier make them an attractive and innovative option as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic carriers. Here, we highlighted two types of cells that can produce functional EVs, namely, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), discussing MSC/Treg-derived EV-based therapies for some specific diseases including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), autoimmune diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heydari
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Peshkova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ianos Coretchi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Ahmet Eken
- Betül-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Arzu Hanım Yay
- Betül-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Ensar Dogan
- Department of Medical Genetic, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nuriye Gokce
- Department of Medical Genetic, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hilal Akalin
- Department of Medical Genetic, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nastasia Kosheleva
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,FSBSI Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniela Galea-Abdusa
- Genetics Laboratory, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Mariana Ulinici
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Valentina Vorojbit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav Groppa
- Department of Neurology, Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova.,Laboratory of Neurobiology and Medical Genetics, Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mihail Todiras
- Drug Research Center, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova
| | | | - Yusuf Ozkul
- Betül-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey. .,Department of Medical Genetic, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia. .,World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia. .,Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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2
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Kenanoglu S, Kandemir N, Akalin H, Gokce N, Gol MF, Gultekin M, Koseoglu E, Mirza M, Dundar M. Evaluation of Utilizing the Distinct Genes as Predictive Biomarkers in Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. Glob Med Genet 2022; 9:110-117. [PMID: 35707770 PMCID: PMC9192179 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by a devastating decline in cognitive activities among all types of dementia, and it severely affects the quality of life. Late-onset AD (LOAD) occurs after the age of 65 years and develops sporadically. Although aging comes first along the main risk factors underlying LOAD, disease-causing susceptibility genes have been associated with disease pathogenesis. In our study, we included the genes
PARP1
,
POLB
,
HTRA2
,
SLC1A2
,
HS1BP3
, and
DRD3
to be investigated in LOAD patients based on their expression levels. Within this framework, we aimed to determine the possible functions of these genes in the pathophysiology of the disease. We investigated whether the utilization of these genes as biomarkers in the early diagnosis of LOAD may help the treatment scheme to be applied in the clinic. We involved 50 individuals in the study and collected peripheral blood samples from the patients and control groups for molecular genetic analysis. Subsequently, RNA was extracted from the peripheral blood samples, and expression analyzes were performed using qualitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The results obtained were evaluated by using proper statistical methods. Our results demonstrated that there was no difference between patient and control groups in terms of
HTRA2
,
DRD3
,
HS1BP3
, and
POLB
genes. The expression levels of the
SLC1A2
and
PARP1
genes were significantly lower in the patient group compared with the control group. In conclusion, we presume that the
PARP1
and
SLC1A2
genes can be utilized as molecular biomarkers for LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Kenanoglu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nefise Kandemir
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Department of Medical Genetics, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hilal Akalin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nuriye Gokce
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mehmet F. Gol
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Murat Gultekin
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Emel Koseoglu
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Meral Mirza
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Munis Dundar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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3
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Kandemir N, Kenanoglu S, Gultekin M, Gokce N, Akalin H, Taşçıoğlu N, Mirza M, Koseoglu E, Dundar M. Propranolol significantly reduced DNA polymerase β expression in patients with essential tremor. Universa Medicina 2021. [DOI: 10.18051/univmed.2021.v40.207-215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Essential tremor (ET) is the most common movement disorder. Propranolol is a first-line medication for ET. We aimed to evaluate the effect of propranolol on the expression of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and DNA polymerase beta (POLB) genes, which are known to be related to neurodegenerative diseases, in patients with ET.
MethodsThirty-five healthy volunteers and thirty-five patients followed up with essential tremors were included in a non-randomized control experimental study. Expressions of PARP1 and POLB genes were compared between the control group and the patient group. In addition, pre- and post-treatment gene expression levels and Fahn-Tolosa-Marin tremor scale values of the patient group were compared after 8 weeks of propranolol treatment. The Wilcoxon rank and Mann Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data.
ResultsAt baseline, PARP1 expression was significantly lower in the ET group than in the control group. (p<0.001). POLB gene expression was significantly higher in the pre-treatment ET group than in the controls (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in PARP1 expression levels before and after 8 weeks of propranolol treatment. POLB gene expression was significantly higher in the pre-treatment group than in the post-treatment group (p<0.001).
ConclusionPropranolol significantly decreased POLB gene expression but there was no significant difference in PARP1 gene expression levels in the patient group, after 8 weeks of propranolol treatment.
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4
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Karasu N, Akalin H, Gokce N, Yildirim A, Demir M, Kulak H, Celik S, Keklik M, Dundar M. Detection of mutations in CML patients resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitor: imatinib mesylate therapy. Med Oncol 2021; 38:120. [PMID: 34453624 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01571-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the first choice in chronic myeloid leukemia treatment. However, resistance to imatinib may develop with time and in some cases, patients may not respond at all to imatinib. Progressive resistance to imatinib therapy is often due to mutations in the BCR/ABL region. Within the scope of our study 124 patients were evaluated via pyrosequencing between 2015 and 2020. In this regard, 32 patients who have a partial response and have no response to imatinib therapy were included in the study. In addition, next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis was performed on 15 patients who were resistant to imatinib treatment according to the molecular follow-up reports. With pyrosequencing, 5 cases out of a total of 124 were found to be positive. This means that approximately 4.03% of the proportion is positive. But when we examined only 32 patients who have a partial response and have no response to imatinib therapy this rate is rising 15.6%. NGS analysis was performed with 15 patients who have no mutation with pyrosequencing of 32 patients and VUS (Variant of Uncertain Significance) mutation was detected in one. In this study, our aim was to determine the mutations of the BCR/ABL and to evaluate the mutations by NGS and pyrosequencing. Our study is important in terms of comparing the pyrosequencing with NGS mutation rates, drawing attention to the clinical importance of log reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilgun Karasu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hilal Akalin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nuriye Gokce
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Abdulbaki Yildirim
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mikail Demir
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hande Kulak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Serhat Celik
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Keklik
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Munis Dundar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
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5
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Fuster J, Zuriaga M, Ngo D, Farb M, Aprahamian T, Yamaguchi T, Gokce N, Walsh K. Non-canonical wnt signaling promotes obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Atherosclerosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Abstract
The endothelium regulates vascular homoeostasis through local elaboration of mediators that modulate vascular tone, platelet adhesion, inflammation, fibrinolysis, and vascular growth. Impaired vascular function contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndromes. There is growing pathophysiological evidence that increased generation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress participates in proatherogenic mechanisms of vascular dysfunction and atherothrombosis. In this review, the role of oxidative stress in mechanisms of vascular dysfunction is discussed, and potential antioxidant strategies are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z S Nedeljkovic
- Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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7
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Duffy S, Keaney J, Holbrook M, Gokce N. Short- and long-term black tea consumption reverses endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1062-1458(01)00554-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Gokce N, Holbrook M, Duffy SJ, Demissie S, Cupples LA, Biegelsen E, Keaney JF, Loscalzo J, Vita JA. Effects of race and hypertension on flow-mediated and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation of the brachial artery. Hypertension 2001; 38:1349-54. [PMID: 11751716 DOI: 10.1161/hy1201.096575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Black Americans have increased morbidity and mortality rates from cardiovascular disease, greater prevalence of hypertension, and altered responses to vasodilator medications compared with those of white Americans. Hypertension and black race have been linked to impaired vascular function in the microcirculation. To examine these effects and their interaction in the conduit vasculature, we examined vasomotor responses of the brachial artery by using high-resolution vascular ultrasound in 228 subjects (48% hypertensive, 54% black). Subjects had no history of diabetes mellitus and were matched for age and gender. Flow-mediated dilation (8.5+/-5.3% versus 11.7+/-6.3%, P<0.001) and nitroglycerin-mediated vasodilation (14.9+/-6.0 versus 18.5+/-7.8, P=0.003) were both impaired in hypertensive compared with normotensive individuals. Multivariate analysis identified higher systolic blood pressure (P=0.003) and larger baseline vessel (P<0.001) size as independent predictors of lower flow-mediated dilation. Race did not significantly influence flow-mediated dilation. In contrast, blacks had a greater vasodilator response to nitroglycerin compared with whites (17.7+/-7.5% versus 15.0+/-6.2%, respectively; P=0.02). By multivariate analysis, black race (P=0.004), smaller vessel size (P=0.001), lower serum glucose (P=0.02), lower systolic blood pressure (P=0.02), and lower serum total cholesterol (P=0.04) were independent predictors of higher nitroglycerin-mediated dilation. Thus, hypertension is associated with impaired NO-mediated vasodilation in the conduit brachial artery. Overall, race did not influence flow-mediated dilation, but black race was associated with an enhanced response to sublingual nitroglycerin. This later observation provides further evidence of racial differences in the responses to medical therapy that may be relevant to the treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gokce
- Evans Department of Medicine, Cardiology Section and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA
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9
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Abstract
Prior studies suggest that acute elevations in plasma triglycerides alter vascular tone and impair endothelial function. To investigate the relation between acute hypertriglyceridemia and vascular function, we examined the effects of high- and low-fat meals on brachial artery reactivity in 14 healthy volunteers. Flow-mediated dilation declined from 14.7 +/- 8.3% to 10.6 +/- 6.2% after the high-fat meal only (p <0.001), and this decline was associated with a 6% increase in baseline brachial artery diameter (3.50 +/- 0.74 mm to 3.70 +/- 0.81 mm, p <0.001), but not a decrease in the arterial diameter during hyperemia. The high-fat meal increased serum triglycerides and insulin by 94% and 438%, respectively. To investigate the effects of triglyceride elevation in isolation from hyperinsulinemia, we examined vascular responses to an intravenous infusion of a triglyceride emulsion in 28 subjects. Triglyceride emulsion increased serum triglycerides 197% but had no effect on serum insulin. Brachial artery diameter increased 4%, from 3.68 +/- 0.51 mm to 3.81 +/- 0.56 mm (p <0.05), and forearm flow increased 36%, reflecting vasodilation of forearm resistance vessels. Flow-mediated dilation and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation were unaffected. The triglyceride emulsion had no direct dilator effect on rabbit aortic tissue in vitro. In conclusion, acute hypertriglyceridemia is associated with vasodilation of conduit and resistance vessels in the arm and does not impair endothelial vasodilator function per se. The dilator effect is not insulin-dependent and does not appear to be a direct effect of triglycerides on vascular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gokce
- Evans Department of Medicine, Cardiology Section and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Duffy SJ, Keaney JF, Holbrook M, Gokce N, Swerdloff PL, Frei B, Vita JA. Short- and long-term black tea consumption reverses endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 2001; 104:151-6. [PMID: 11447078 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.104.2.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies suggest that tea consumption decreases cardiovascular risk, but the mechanisms of benefit remain undefined. Endothelial dysfunction has been associated with coronary artery disease and increased oxidative stress. Some antioxidants have been shown to reverse endothelial dysfunction, and tea contains antioxidant flavonoids. Methods and Results-- To test the hypothesis that tea consumption will reverse endothelial dysfunction, we randomized 66 patients with proven coronary artery disease to consume black tea and water in a crossover design. Short-term effects were examined 2 hours after consumption of 450 mL tea or water. Long-term effects were examined after consumption of 900 mL tea or water daily for 4 weeks. Vasomotor function of the brachial artery was examined at baseline and after each intervention with vascular ultrasound. Fifty patients completed the protocol and had technically suitable ultrasound measurements. Both short- and long-term tea consumption improved endothelium- dependent flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery, whereas consumption of water had no effect (P<0.001 by repeated-measures ANOVA). Tea consumption had no effect on endothelium-independent nitroglycerin-induced dilation. An equivalent oral dose of caffeine (200 mg) had no short-term effect on flow-mediated dilation. Plasma flavonoids increased after short- and long-term tea consumption. CONCLUSIONS Short- and long-term black tea consumption reverses endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. This finding may partly explain the association between tea intake and decreased cardiovascular disease events.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Duffy
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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11
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Some epidemiological studies have shown that increased iron stores are associated with increased cardiovascular events. Redox-active iron may contribute to lipid peroxidation, endothelial cell activation, and generation of reactive oxygen species (especially hydroxyl radical, via Fenton chemistry). Increased oxidative stress is associated with impaired action of endothelium-derived nitric oxide in patients with atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS To test the hypothesis that reducing vascular iron stores would reverse endothelial dysfunction, we examined the effects of the iron chelator deferoxamine (500 mg intra-arterially over 1 hour) on vasomotor function in forearm resistance vessels of patients with coronary artery disease by venous occlusion plethysmography. Patients with coronary artery disease had impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in response to methacholine compared with healthy control subjects (P<0.001). Deferoxamine infusion decreased serum iron levels (P<0.001). Deferoxamine improved the blood flow response to methacholine in patients with coronary artery disease (P<0.01 by 2-way repeated-measures ANOVA) but had no effect on the response to sodium nitroprusside. In normal volunteers, deferoxamine had no effect on the response to methacholine. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine abolished augmentation of the methacholine response associated with deferoxamine. The hydroxyl radical scavenger mannitol had no effect on the methacholine response. CONCLUSIONS Deferoxamine improved nitric oxide-mediated, endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with coronary artery disease. These results suggest that iron availability contributes to impaired nitric oxide action in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Duffy
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Duffy SJ, Gokce N, Holbrook M, Hunter LM, Biegelsen ES, Huang A, Keaney JF, Vita JA. Effect of ascorbic acid treatment on conduit vessel endothelial dysfunction in patients with hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2001; 280:H528-34. [PMID: 11158948 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.2.h528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is associated with low plasma ascorbic acid levels and impaired endothelial function. Recent evidence suggests that increased vascular oxidative stress contributes to the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. We recently showed that chronic oral ascorbic acid therapy lowers blood pressure in hypertensive patients. We hypothesized that it would also improve endothelial vasomotor function. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we examined the effect of acute (2 g po) and chronic (500 mg/day for 1 mo) ascorbic acid treatment on brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in 39 patients with hypertension. Compared with 82 age- and gender-matched normotensive controls, these patients had impaired endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery [8.9 +/- 6.1 vs. 11.2 +/- 5.7% (SD), P < 0.04]. After therapy, plasma ascorbic acid concentrations increased acutely from 50 +/- 12 to 149 +/- 51 micromol/l and were maintained at 99 +/- 33 micromol/l with chronic treatment (both P < 0.001). As previously reported, chronic ascorbic acid therapy reduced systolic and mean blood pressure in these patients. However, acute or chronic ascorbic acid treatment had no effect on brachial artery endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated dilation or on endothelium-independent, nitroglycerin-mediated dilation. These results demonstrate that conduit vessel endothelial dysfunction secondary to hypertension is not reversed by acute or chronic treatment with oral ascorbic acid. The effects of this treatment on resistance vessel vasomotor function warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Duffy
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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13
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Duffy S, Gokce N, Holbrook M, Biegelsen E, Hunter L, Keaney J, Vita J. Effect of ascorbic acid treatment on conduit vessel endothelial dysfunction in patients with hypertension: A randomized, placebo-controlled study. Heart Lung Circ 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1443-9506.2000.08679.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Ulucam E, Gokce N. [The comparison of the two Ottoman books of anatomy (17-19th centuries) with regard to the circulatory system]. Tip Tarihi Arastirmalari 2000; 6:87-94. [PMID: 15052997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
17th and 19th centuries were particularly important for the development of te Ottoman medicine. Westernization which had already started in the 17th century continued along the 19th and the early 20th centuries. Turkish physicians began to contact with their European colleagues and in this period Latin medical terminology began to appear in the Ottoman medical literature. Sirvanli Semseddin Itaki's work of the 17th century, the Teşrihü'l Ebdan ve Tercüman-i Kibale-i Feylesufan, is the first illustrated Turkish manuscript of anatomy. The illustrations are qualified as developed examples, compared with the medical literature and knowledge of the period. In the 19th century, Sanizade Mehmet Ataullah Efendi (1771-1826) wrote a modern book of anatomy for the Ottoman medical doctors. Miyarü'l Etibba was one of the earliest printed medical books in Turkish. The second volume of Sanizade's Hamse, Miratü'l Ebdan fi Tesrih-i-Azai'l Insan is the first printed Ottoman book on anatomy. In Usulü't-Tabia, the third volume of Hamse, the circulatory system is discussed. In this article, we studied the circulatory system described in Semseddin Itaki's Teşrih-ül Ebdan ve Tercüman-i-Kibale-i Feylesufan and in Sanizade's Usulü't-Tabia and compared them.
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15
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Abstract
In a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study we showed that treatment of hypertensive patients with ascorbic acid lowers blood pressure. Further studies of ascorbic acid to treat hypertension, with clinical endpoints, are warranted.
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16
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Djoussé L, Ellison RC, McLennan CE, Cupples LA, Lipinska I, Tofler GH, Gokce N, Vita JA. Acute effects of a high-fat meal with and without red wine on endothelial function in healthy subjects. Am J Cardiol 1999; 84:660-4. [PMID: 10498135 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(99)00412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that a high-fat meal may acutely impair endothelium-dependent vasodilation and that this impairment may be prevented by concomitant intake of antioxidants. Because red wine contains antioxidant polyphenols and may reduce cardiovascular disease, we examined the effect of red wine on postprandial endothelial function. Using a crossover design, 13 healthy volunteers consumed a high-fat meal (0.8 g fat/kg body weight) with red wine (3 ml/kg) or an isocaloric control beverage on 2 separate days, 1 week apart. Flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery was examined by vascular ultrasound at baseline and at 2, 4, and 6 hours after the meal. At these times, flow-mediated dilation with the high-fat meal and control beverage was 9.5 +/- 5.0%, 7.9 +/- 5.1%, 6.8 +/- 3.6%, and 7.3 +/- 4.6%, respectively (nonsignificant trend). There was also a nonsignificant trend for flow-mediated dilation after the high-fat meal with wine: 8.0 +/- 4.1%, 5.7 +/- 4.7%, 6.4 +/- 3.1%, and 6.9 +/- 3.8%, respectively. There was no difference in the effects between wine and the control beverage (p = 0.77). Triglycerides increased 2- to 2.7-fold over baseline (p = 0.0001) with a peak occurring 5 hours after the high-fat meals. In contrast to previous studies, the present study did not demonstrate a significant effect of a high-fat meal on endothelial vasomotor function in healthy subjects. Under these conditions, we did not demonstrate a beneficial acute effect of red wine on endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Djoussé
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Memorial Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, USA.
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17
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Gokce N, Keaney JF, Frei B, Holbrook M, Olesiak M, Zachariah BJ, Leeuwenburgh C, Heinecke JW, Vita JA. Long-term ascorbic acid administration reverses endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 1999; 99:3234-40. [PMID: 10385496 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.99.25.3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO) contributes to the clinical expression of coronary artery disease (CAD). Increased oxidative stress has been linked to impaired endothelial vasomotor function in atherosclerosis, and recent studies demonstrated that short-term ascorbic acid treatment improves endothelial function. METHODS AND RESULTS In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we examined the effects of single-dose (2 g PO) and long-term (500 mg/d) ascorbic acid treatment on EDNO-dependent flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery in patients with angiographically established CAD. Flow-mediated dilation was examined by high-resolution vascular ultrasound at baseline, 2 hours after the single dose, and 30 days after long-term treatment in 46 patients with CAD. Flow-mediated dilation improved from 6.6+/-3.5% to 10.1+/-5.2% after single-dose treatment, and the effect was sustained after long-term treatment (9. 0+/-3.7%), whereas flow-mediated dilation was 8.6+/-4.7% at baseline and remained unchanged after single-dose (7.8+/-4.4%) and long-term (7.9+/-4.5%) treatment with placebo (P=0.005 by repeated-measures ANOVA). Plasma ascorbic acid concentrations increased from 41.4+/-12. 9 to 115.9+/-34.2 micromol/L after single-dose treatment and to 95. 0+/-36.1 micromol/L after long-term treatment (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS In patients with CAD, long-term ascorbic acid treatment has a sustained beneficial effect on EDNO action. Because endothelial dysfunction may contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular events, this study indicates that ascorbic acid treatment may benefit patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gokce
- Evans Memorial Department of Medicine, Cardiology Section, and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Vita JA, Frei B, Holbrook M, Gokce N, Leaf C, Keaney JF. L-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid reverses endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. J Clin Invest 1998; 101:1408-14. [PMID: 9502783 PMCID: PMC508696 DOI: 10.1172/jci1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The effective action of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO) is impaired in patients with atherosclerosis. This impairment has been attributed in part to increased vascular oxidative stress. EDNO action is improved by administration of ascorbic acid, a water-soluble antioxidant. Ascorbic acid is a potent free-radical scavenger in plasma, and also regulates intracellular redox state in part by sparing cellular glutathione. We specifically investigated the role of intracellular redox state in EDNO action by examining the effect of L-2-oxo-4-thiazolidine carboxylate (OTC) on EDNO-dependent, flow-mediated dilation in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study of patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease. OTC augments intracellular glutathione by providing substrate cysteine for glutathione synthesis. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation was examined with high-resolution ultrasound before and after oral administration of 4.5 g of OTC or placebo in 48 subjects with angiographically documented coronary artery disease. Placebo treatment produced no change in flow-mediated dilation (7.0+/-3.9% vs. 7.2+/-3.7%), whereas OTC treatment was associated with a significant improvement in flow-mediated dilation (6.6+/-4.4% vs. 11.0+/-6.3%; P = 0.005). OTC had no effect on arterial dilation to nitroglycerin, systemic blood pressure, heart rate, or reactive hyperemia. These data suggest that augmenting cellular glutathione levels improves EDNO action in human atherosclerosis. Cellular redox state may be an important regulator of EDNO action, and is a potential target for therapy in patients with coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Vita
- Evans Memorial Department of Medicine, Cardiology Section and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
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19
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Abstract
There is growing evidence that improvement of endothelial function has the potential to reduce cardiovascular ris. This article reviews the impact of coronary risk factors on endothelial function and the benefits of risk factor reduction. Recent studies indicate that chronic exercise may directly improve endothelial function, thus providing an additional explanation for the benefits of increased physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Charo
- Evans Memorial Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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20
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Abstract
Oxidised low-density lipoprotein (LDL) contributes to atherogenesis by a number of mechanisms, and antioxidants may act as anti-atherogens. LDL oxidation is inhibited by LDL-associated antioxidants, particularly alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), and water-soluble antioxidants present in LDL's biologic milieu, especially ascorbate (vitamin C). In addition to protecting LDL against oxidation, antioxidants may act at the level of the vascular cell by limiting cellular production of reactive oxygen species, and, thus, cell-mediated LDL oxidation. Cellular antioxidants can also protect against vascular cell dysfunction that would otherwise promote atherogenesis, such as increased adhesion molecule expression and monocyte recruitment, impaired production or release of nitric oxide, or both, and the proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Some of these processes are regulated by nuclear factor-kappa B or related transcription factors, which are redox-sensitive and inhibited by antioxidants. Furthermore, cellular antioxidants can limit cytotoxic effects of oxidised LDL and other oxidant insults, inhibiting vascular cell necrosis and lesion progression. Finally, some antioxidants, in particular alpha-tocopherol, may affect atherogenesis by inhibiting platelet function and mural thrombosis, although this effect appears to be explained by the inhibition of protein kinase C independent of alpha-tocopherol's antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gokce
- Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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Gokce N, Hollocher TC, Bazylinski DA, Jannasch HW. Thermophilic Bacillus sp. that shows the denitrification phenotype of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Appl Environ Microbiol 1989; 55:1023-5. [PMID: 2499254 PMCID: PMC184240 DOI: 10.1128/aem.55.4.1023-1025.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A thermophilic Bacillus sp. of marine origin was observed to grow anaerobically on nitrite, nitrous oxide (N2O) in the presence of nitrite, and N2O alone for a few hours after exhaustion of nitrite. This represents the second example of a denitrification phenotype originally observed to occur with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gokce
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02254-9110
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