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Functional Impairment of Endothelial Colony Forming Cells (ECFC) in Patients with Severe Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168969. [PMID: 36012229 PMCID: PMC9409296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a key factor in atherosclerosis. However, the link between endothelial repair and severity of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is unclear. This study investigates the relationship between ASCVD, markers of inflammation, and circulating endothelial progenitor cells, namely hematopoietic cells with paracrine angiogenic activity and endothelial colony forming cells (ECFC). Two hundred and forty-three subjects from the TELARTA study were classified according to the presence of clinical atherosclerotic disease. ASCVD severity was assessed by the number of involved vascular territories. Flow cytometry was used to numerate circulating progenitor cells (PC) expressing CD34 and those co-expressing CD45, CD34, and KDR. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells ex vivo culture methods were used to determine ECFC and Colony Forming Unit- endothelial cells (CFU-EC). The ECFC subpopulation was analyzed for proliferation, senescence, and vasculogenic properties. Plasma levels of IL-6 and VEGF-A were measured using Cytokine Array. Despite an increased number of circulating precursors in ASCVD patients, ASCVD impaired the colony forming capacity and the angiogenic properties of ECFC in a severity-dependent manner. Alteration of ECFC was associated with increased senescent phenotype and IL-6 levels. Our study demonstrates a decrease in ECFC repair capacity according to ASCVD severity in an inflammatory and senescence-associated secretory phenotype context.
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Qin K, Lei J, Yang J. The Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells towards Endothelial Progenitor Cells - Potential Application in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Int J Stem Cells 2021; 15:122-135. [PMID: 34711697 PMCID: PMC9148829 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc21044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) have been applied in the clinic to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a disease characterized by disordered pulmonary vasculature. However, the lack of sufficient transplantable cells before the deterioration of disease condition is a current limitation to apply cell therapy in patients. It is necessary to differentiate pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into EPCs and identify their characteristics. Methods and Results Comparing previously reported methods of human PSCs-derived ECs, we optimized a highly efficient differentiation protocol to obtain cells that match the phenotype of isolated EPCs from healthy donors. The protocol is compatible with chemically defined medium (CDM), it could produce a large number of clinically applicable cells with low cost. Moreover, we also found PSCs-derived EPCs express CD133, have some characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells and are capable of homing to repair blood vessels in zebrafish xenograft assays. In addition, we further revealed that IPAH PSCs-derived EPCs have higher expression of proliferation-related genes and lower expression of immune-related genes than normal EPCs and PSCs-derived EPCs through microarray analysis. Conclusions In conclusion, we optimized a highly efficient differentiation protocol to obtain PSCs-derived EPCs with the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of EPCs from healthy donors which distinguished them from EPCs from PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhou Qin
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Lei
- Department of Physiology, and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Physiology, and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Role of Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 in Endothelial Progenitor Cell-Mediated Vascular Repair and Regeneration. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 18:747-758. [PMID: 34449064 PMCID: PMC8440704 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are immature endothelial cells that participate in vascular repair and postnatal neovascularization and provide a novel and promising therapy for the treatment of vascular disease. Studies in different animal models have shown that EPC mobilization through pharmacological agents and autologous EPC transplantation contribute to restoring blood supply and tissue regeneration after ischemic injury. However, these effects of the progenitor cells in clinical studies exhibit mixed results. The therapeutic efficacy of EPCs is closely associated with the number of the progenitor cells recruited into ischemic regions and their functional abilities and survival in injury tissues. In this review, we discussed the regulating role of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (also known CXCL12, SDF-1) in EPC mobilization, recruitment, homing, vascular repair and neovascularization, and analyzed the underlying machemisms of these functions. Application of SDF-1 to improve the regenerative function of EPCs following vascular injury was also discussed. SDF-1 plays a crucial role in mobilizing EPC from bone marrow into peripheral circulation, recruiting the progenitor cells to target tissue and protecting against cell death under pathological conditions; thus improve EPC regenerative capacity. SDF-1 are crucial for regulating EPC regenerative function, and provide a potential target for improve therapeutic efficacy of the progenitor cells in treatment of vascular disease.
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Kukumberg M, Zaw AM, Wong DHC, Toh CM, Chan BPL, Seet RCS, Wong PTH, Yim EKF. Characterization and Functional Assessment of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Ischemic Stroke Patients. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:952-967. [PMID: 33170433 PMCID: PMC7653671 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10064-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction has been implicated in atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, and stroke. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), found in the bone marrow and peripheral blood as rare cell population, demonstrated a high proliferation and differentiation capacity. Understanding how such diseases influence the quantity and functionality of EPCs is essential for the development of novel therapies. This study aims to investigate the factors that affect the quantity and functionality of circulating EPCs in stroke patients and healthy controls. Blood samples were collected once from healthy donors (n = 30) and up to 3 times (within 7 days (baseline), 3 and 12 months post-stroke) from stroke patients (n = 207). EPC subpopulations were isolated with flow cytometry for characterization. The Matrigel tubular formation assay was performed as a measure of functionality. An increased amount of circulating EPCs was observed in stroke patients over 45 years when compared to age-matched healthy individuals. EPCs showed a rising trend in stroke patients over the 12-month post-stroke period, reaching statistical significance at 12 months post-stroke. Isolated CD34+KDR+ cells from stroke patients showed impairment in tubular formation capability when compared to cells from healthy donors. The quantity and vasculogenic function of circulating EPCs in peripheral blood have been effectively evaluated in stroke patients and healthy control donors in this study. Age and stroke are found to be 2 influencing factors on the angiogenic capacity. It is suggested that the increase in EPC number is triggered by the recovery response following ischemic stroke. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kukumberg
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, #05-01 T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Aung Moe Zaw
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Daniel H C Wong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, #05-01 T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16, Medical Drive, #04-01, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Chin Min Toh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16, Medical Drive, #04-01, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Bernard P L Chan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raymond C S Seet
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 10, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ride Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Peter T H Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16, Medical Drive, #04-01, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Evelyn K F Yim
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, #05-01 T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Heidarzadeh M, Avcı ÇB, Saberianpour S, Ahmadi M, Hassanpour M, Bagheri HS, Rezaie J, Talebi M, Roodbari F, Sokullu E, Darabi M, Rahbarghazi R. Activation of toll-like receptor signaling in endothelial progenitor cells dictates angiogenic potential: from hypothesis to actual state. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 384:389-401. [PMID: 33459880 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were isolated from cord blood samples and enriched by magnetic activated cell sorting method based on the CD133 marker. Cells were incubated with different doses of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, ranging from 2, 5, 10, 50, 100, 200, 250, 500, to 1000 µg/ml, for 48 h. The cell survival rate was determined by using MTT assay. To confirm activation of the toll-like receptor signaling pathway, PCR array analysis was performed. Protein levels of ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, NF-ƙB and TRIF proteins were measured using western blotting. The content of TNF-α and lipoprotein lipase activity were analyzed by immunofluorescence imaging. Flow cytometric analysis of CD31 was performed to assess the maturation rate. Cell migration was studied by the Transwell migration assay. The expression of genes related to exosome biogenesis was measured using real-time PCR analysis. In vivo gel plug angiogenesis assay was done in nude mice. Lipopolysaccharide changed endothelial progenitor cells' survival in a dose-dependent manner with maximum viable cells in groups treated with 2 µg/ml. PCR array analysis showed the activation of toll-like signaling pathways after exposure to LPS (p<0.05). Western blotting analysis indicated an induction of p-ERK1/2 and Erk1/2, NF-kB and TRIF in LPS-treated EPCs compared with the control (p<0.05). Immunofluorescence staining showed an elevation of TNF-α and lipoprotein lipase activity after lipopolysaccharide treatment (p<0.05). Lipopolysaccharide increased EPC migration and expression of exosome biogenesis-related genes (p<0.05). In vivo gel plug analysis revealed enhanced angiogenesis in cells exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Data highlighted the close relationship between the toll-like receptor signaling pathway and functional activity in EPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Heidarzadeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Rumeli Fener, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Çığır Biray Avcı
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Shirin Saberianpour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ahmadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hassanpour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Jafar Rezaie
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mehdi Talebi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Roodbari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Emel Sokullu
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Rumeli Fener, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
- Biophysics Department, Koç University School of Medicine, Rumeli Feneri, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Masoud Darabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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