1
|
Liblub S, Pringle K, McLaughlin K, Cummins A. Peer support and mobile health for perinatal mental health: A scoping review. Birth 2024; 51:484-496. [PMID: 38268345 DOI: 10.1111/birt.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to one in five women experience perinatal depression and/or anxiety with profound negative consequences for mothers and families. Peer support interventions have the potential to effectively prevent perinatal mental health conditions. Meanwhile, mobile health has gained popularity and plays a significant role in enhancing maternal health services. However, little is known about the availability of mobile health combined with peer support for supporting perinatal mental health. This scoping review aimed to map the relevant literature and gain insights into the available evidence on mobile health and peer support for perinatal mental health, to identify gaps and inform opportunities for future research. METHODS A scoping review of the literature was conducted. The search strategy included five databases: CIANHL, Scopus, PsycInfo, PubMed, and ScienceDirect for the period from 2007 to 2022. RESULTS Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, including features of online support strategies, effectiveness, and attitudes of women about peer support with mobile health. The results showed decreased depressive scores and provided a positive experience for women. Strong satisfaction with accessibility and flexibility of mobile health was found when combined with the peer support features. Additional emotional support tools (e.g., mindfulness-based activities) were likely to be acceptable to women and beneficial to mobile health. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the context of peer support and mobile health informs the potential to support perinatal mental health. Further research in this growing area is needed to test the effectiveness of peer support in combination with mobile health intervention for supporting perinatal mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudjit Liblub
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Ramathibodi School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kirsty Pringle
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen McLaughlin
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Allison Cummins
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Thom-Jones S, Melgaard I, Gordon CS. Autistic Women's Experience of Motherhood: A Qualitative Analysis of Reddit. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06312-7. [PMID: 38668893 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06312-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Autistic mothers remain under-represented in parental and autism research despite the associated physical and psychosocial challenges that accompany the transition to motherhood. Extant literature suggests autistic mothers experience sensory difficulties, communication challenges, stigma, and comorbidities as difficulties, but these studies have focused on autistic women in the perinatal period. The aim of this study was to examine reflections on motherhood from a Reddit community for autistic parents. Identified themes were Autistic Mothering is Different, Autistic Mothers Need Autistic Mothers, Autistic Mothers Experience Stigma, and Learnings from Lockdown. Findings extend existing research by offering insight into the ways autism impacts mothers beyond the perinatal period and have important implications for the future design and delivery of support services for autistic mothers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Thom-Jones
- Australian Catholic University Limited, Melbourne, VIC, 3777, Australia.
| | - Imogen Melgaard
- School of Behavioural & Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Chloe S Gordon
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moran E, Noonan M, Mohamad MM, O'Reilly P. Women's experiences of specialist perinatal mental health services: a qualitative evidence synthesis. Arch Womens Ment Health 2023:10.1007/s00737-023-01338-9. [PMID: 37351664 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-023-01338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Specialist perinatal mental health services identify and treat women experiencing mental health conditions during pregnancy and up to one year post birth. There is limited knowledge about women's experiences of care from specialist services. Evaluation and optimisation of service delivery requires knowledge of women's care experiences. This review aimed to systematically identify, appraise, and synthesise qualitative evidence exploring women's experiences of specialist perinatal mental health services. METHODS A systematic literature search of five databases: Medline (OVID), EMBASE (Elsevier), PsycINFO (EBSCO), CINAHL (EBSCO) and Scopus (Elsevier), grey literature searching, and backward citation, identified a total of 1035 papers of which sixteen met inclusion criteria. Methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) tool. RESULTS Thematic synthesis identified three themes: connected relationships; new beginnings; and meaningful service delivery. Findings identified that relationships developed with clinicians were significant to women and their experience of care. Women valued continuity of care from dedicated non-judgemental clinicians. Peer support from other mothers was perceived as meaningful to women. Through service interventions women gained new insights into their infant's needs and grew in confidence as a mother. CONCLUSIONS Women require provision of flexible and accessible specialist services with clinicians who are sensitive to their individual psychosocial needs and preferences. Examining discharge practices and continuing care needs is essential to ensure the best outcomes for women and their families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Moran
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
- The Department of Nursing and Healthcare, Technological University of the Shannon, Athlone, Co Westmeath, Ireland.
| | - Maria Noonan
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Mas Mahady Mohamad
- Specialist Perinatal Mental Health Services, University Maternity Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Pauline O'Reilly
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
McClellan SR, Hunt M, Olsho LEW, Dasgupta A, Chowdhury M, Sparks AC. Satisfaction and Mental Health Outcomes Associated with a Large Regional Helpline. Community Ment Health J 2022; 58:1214-1224. [PMID: 35015179 PMCID: PMC8749345 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-021-00931-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We surveyed users of a behavioral health helpline serving New York City and surroundings, to assess their helpline experiences, changes in psychological distress after contacting the helpline, and factors associated with differences in these measures. We surveyed users twice: roughly 2 weeks following their helpline contact, from 4/2019 to 9/2019 (N = 1097 respondents) and again 6 months following contact, from 10/2019 to 3/2020 (N = 732 respondents). Eighty-nine percent of respondents reported that contacting the helpline helped them deal a little or a lot more effectively with their problems. Rates of psychological distress decreased from 41.3% 2 weeks following helpline contact to 29.0% 6 months after (P < 0.05). Improvements in psychological distress were found across a range of demographic characteristics and were greatest for repeat users. Users reported broadly positive experiences with the helpline and improved psychological distress 6 months later. Behavioral health helplines can offer beneficial services to diverse populations, complementing the formal behavioral healthcare system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean R McClellan
- Division of Health and Environment, Abt Associates, 10 Fawcett St., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Meaghan Hunt
- Division of Health and Environment, Abt Associates, 10 Fawcett St., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Lauren E W Olsho
- Division of Health and Environment, Abt Associates, 10 Fawcett St., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Amrita Dasgupta
- NYC Health + Hospitals, 125 Worth St., New York, NY, 10013, USA
| | - Mifta Chowdhury
- NYC Health + Hospitals, 125 Worth St., New York, NY, 10013, USA
| | - Alicia C Sparks
- Division of Health and Environment, Abt Associates, 10 Fawcett St., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
De Sousa Machado T, Chur-Hansen A, Due C. First-time mothers' perceptions of social support: Recommendations for best practice. Health Psychol Open 2020; 7:2055102919898611. [PMID: 32095254 PMCID: PMC7008558 DOI: 10.1177/2055102919898611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Research indicates social support is imperative for postpartum well-being. The types of social support and access to preferred supports are less understood. This article considers first-time mothers' perceptions of the effectiveness of social supports and perceived barriers to accessing support and provides recommendations for best practice. A search of the literature for terms related to postpartum social support was conducted. Major themes were identified and synthesised. A critique and analysis of the literature is presented with recommendations for best practice. Much of the research around postnatal support fails to distinguish the specific type of support, meaning creating support solutions for the postpartum period may not be effectively targeted. Recommendations for individualised support are made.
Collapse
|
6
|
Biggs LJ, McLachlan HL, Shafiei T, Small R, Forster DA. Peer supporters' experiences on an Australian perinatal mental health helpline. Health Promot Int 2020; 34:479-489. [PMID: 29346557 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/dax097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal mental health is an important public health issue, and peer support is a potentially important strategy for emotional well-being in the perinatal period. PANDA Perinatal Anxiety & Depression Australia provides support to individuals impacted by perinatal mental health issues via the National Perinatal Anxiety & Depression Helpline. Callers receive peer support from volunteers and counselling from paid professional staff. The views and experiences of PANDA peer support volunteers have not previously been studied. We conducted two focus groups and an online survey to explore the experiences of women providing volunteer peer support on the Helpline. Data collection took place in October and November 2013. Two social theories were used in framing and addressing the study aims and in interpreting our findings: the Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis, and the Helper Therapy Principle. All PANDA volunteers were invited to participate (n = 40). Eight volunteers attended a focus group, and 11 survey responses were received. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse quantitative data. All survey respondents 'strongly agreed' that they felt positive about being part of PANDA. Thematic analysis of data from focus groups and open-ended survey responses identified the following themes: motivated to help others, supported to support callers, helping to make a difference and emotional impacts for volunteers. Respondents described a strong desire to support others experiencing emotional distress as a motivator to volunteer. Although perinatal peer support services are designed to benefit those who receive support, this study suggests volunteers may also experience personal benefits from the role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Biggs
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, corner of Plenty Road & Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora Victoria, Australia 3083
| | - Helen L McLachlan
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, corner of Plenty Road & Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora Victoria, Australia 3083.,School of Nursing & Midwifery, La Trobe University, corner of Plenty Road & Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora Victoria, Australia 3083
| | - Touran Shafiei
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, corner of Plenty Road & Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora Victoria, Australia 3083
| | - Rhonda Small
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, corner of Plenty Road & Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora Victoria, Australia 3083
| | - Della A Forster
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, corner of Plenty Road & Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora Victoria, Australia 3083.,The Royal Women's Hospital, Locked Bag 300 Grattan St & Flemington Road, Parkville Victoria, Australia 3052
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Biggs LJ, McLachlan HL, Shafiei T, Liamputtong P, Forster DA. 'I need help': Reasons new and re-engaging callers contact the PANDA-Perinatal Anxiety and Depression Australia National Helpline. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2019; 27:717-728. [PMID: 30511356 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In Australia, the PANDA-Perinatal Anxiety & Depression Australia National Helpline (the Helpline) offers support to callers impacted by emotional health challenges in the perinatal period. Callers receive counselling from professional staff and peer support from volunteers. An understanding of factors that contribute to callers' experiences of emotional distress, as well as potential barriers and facilitators to help-seeking, can be used to inform future service design and delivery. A caller intake form is completed by Helpline staff when an individual contacts the service for the first time, or re-engages after a period of non-contact. We analysed all intake forms of individuals calling about their own emotional wellbeing from the middle month of each season in 2014: January, April, July, and October. Content analysis was undertaken, focusing on caller profile, patterns of help-seeking, and reasons for caller engagement. Of the 365 calls, the majority were from women (n = 358, 98%) who were pregnant (n = 59, 16%) or had a child ≤12 months of age (n = 241, 75%). Many were seeking support regarding depression (n = 186, 51%) or anxiety (n = 162, 44%), with a number seeking help for both (n = 71, 20%). Almost a third were identified as being 'at risk', including a number who were experiencing thoughts of suicide or self-harm. Complex interrelating factors contributed to callers' emotional distress, including: stressful life events; pregnancy, birthing and parenting experiences; social isolation; and histories of mental health difficulties. Significant numbers of parents experience emotional health challenges in the perinatal period, but many do not receive adequate treatment. Complex factors contribute to callers' distress, highlighting the need for health professionals to undertake thorough psychosocial assessments during the perinatal period so those that need additional support are identified, and appropriate care provided. Telephone Helplines like PANDAs assist overcoming barriers to care and provide specialised perinatal mental health support to families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Biggs
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Nursing Midwifery and Paramedicine, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen L McLachlan
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Touran Shafiei
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Pranee Liamputtong
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Della A Forster
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Characteristics of women calling the PANDA Perinatal Anxiety & Depression Australia National Helpline: a cross-sectional study. Arch Womens Ment Health 2018; 21:801-812. [PMID: 29948297 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-018-0868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The PANDA Perinatal Anxiety & Depression Australia National Helpline provides support for people affected by perinatal mental health issues. To describe the characteristics of women contacting the Helpline, specifically callers' health, past history and assessed risk factors. Analysis of routinely collected de-identified data of women making initial calls between July 2010 and October 2013. Five thousand eight hundred eighteen women made an initial call to the Helpline. Most were between 25 and 40 years old (79%) and married/partnered (94%); 52% were having or had their first child; and 23% were pregnant. Over half had no prior mental health diagnosis at the time of their initial call, and 40% were assessed as 'high needs'-experiencing significant bio-psychosocial symptoms, complex situations and/or inadequate care and support. There was a 70% increase in calls to PANDA over the data collection period. Concerns recorded by PANDA staff from the initial risk assessment included inadequate treatment for a mental health condition (31%), women not feeling connected to their baby (31%), low functioning (26%) and general thoughts of suicide (18%). The Helpline experienced a significant increase in demand during the study period, and a substantial proportion of callers had complex mental health needs. PANDA plays a major role in providing support to a large number of women experiencing perinatal mental health problems.
Collapse
|
9
|
Babac A, Frank M, Pauer F, Litzkendorf S, Rosenfeldt D, Lührs V, Biehl L, Hartz T, Storf H, Schauer F, Wagner TOF, Graf von der Schulenburg JM. Telephone health services in the field of rare diseases: a qualitative interview study examining the needs of patients, relatives, and health care professionals in Germany. BMC Health Serv Res 2018; 18:99. [PMID: 29426339 PMCID: PMC5807836 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-2872-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare diseases are, by definition, very serious and chronic diseases with a high negative impact on quality of life. Approximately 350 million people worldwide live with rare diseases. The resulting high disease burden triggers health information search, but helpful, high-quality, and up-to-date information is often hard to find. Therefore, the improvement of health information provision has been integrated in many national plans for rare diseases, discussing the telephone as one access option. In this context, this study examines the need for a telephone service offering information for people affected by rare diseases, their relatives, and physicians. METHODS In total, 107 individuals participated in a qualitative interview study conducted in Germany. Sixty-eight individuals suffering from a rare disease or related to somebody with rare diseases and 39 health care professionals took part. Individual interviews were conducted using a standardized semi-structured questionnaire. Interviews were analysed using the qualitative content analysis, triangulating patients, relatives, and health care professionals. The fulfilment of qualitative data processing standards has been controlled for. RESULTS Out of 68 patients and relatives and 39 physicians, 52 and 18, respectively, advocated for the establishment of a rare diseases telephone service. Interviewees expected a helpline to include expert staffing, personal contact, good availability, low technical barriers, medical and psychosocial topics of counselling, guidance in reducing information chaos, and referrals. Health care professionals highlighted the importance of medical topics of counselling-in particular, differential diagnostics-and referrals. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, the need for a national rare diseases helpline was confirmed in this study. Due to limited financial resources, existing offers should be adapted in a stepwise procedure in accordance with the identified attributes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Babac
- CHERH - Centre for Health Economics Research Hannover, Leibniz University Hannover, Otto-Brenner-Straße 1, 30159 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Frank
- CHERH - Centre for Health Economics Research Hannover, Leibniz University Hannover, Otto-Brenner-Straße 1, 30159 Hannover, Germany
| | - Frédéric Pauer
- CHERH - Centre for Health Economics Research Hannover, Leibniz University Hannover, Otto-Brenner-Straße 1, 30159 Hannover, Germany
| | - Svenja Litzkendorf
- CHERH - Centre for Health Economics Research Hannover, Leibniz University Hannover, Otto-Brenner-Straße 1, 30159 Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel Rosenfeldt
- CHERH - Centre for Health Economics Research Hannover, Leibniz University Hannover, Otto-Brenner-Straße 1, 30159 Hannover, Germany
| | - Verena Lührs
- ZQ - Centre for Quality and Management in Healthcare, Medical Association of Lower Saxony, Berliner Allee 20, 30175 Hannover, Germany
| | - Lisa Biehl
- ACHSE – Alliance for Chronic Rare Diseases, DRK-Clinics Berlin, Drontheimer Straße 39, 13359 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Hartz
- IMBEI - Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Informatics, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 69, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Storf
- IMBEI - Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Informatics, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 69, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Franziska Schauer
- Department of Dermatology, Freiburg Center for Rare Diseases, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas O. F. Wagner
- University Centre for Thorax Oncology, University Clinic of the Johann Wolfgang-Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60559 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Biggs LJ, Shafiei T, Forster DA, Small R, McLachlan HL. Exploring the views and experiences of callers to the PANDA Post and Antenatal Depression Association Australian National Perinatal Depression Helpline: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2015; 15:209. [PMID: 26347275 PMCID: PMC4562185 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-015-0594-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression are common in the perinatal period. Telephone interventions, including telephone peer support and counselling, have been developed to support those experiencing perinatal mental illness. PANDA Post and Antenatal Depression Association provides support to women and men experiencing perinatal mental illness via the Australian National Perinatal Depression Helpline, encompassing both volunteer peer support and professional counselling. This study aimed to explore the experiences of callers to the Helpline. METHODS A cross-sectional survey design was used. All new callers from 1(st) May to 30(th) September 2013 were invited to participate. The survey, adapted from a previous survey of PANDA callers, included 23 questions using Likert-type scales, demographic and open-ended questions. Thematic network analysis was undertaken for responses to open-ended questions. RESULTS 124 responses were received (124/405; 30% response). The majority of callers had called the Helpline regarding themselves (90%), with over one third (33%) of all callers seeking crisis support and help. Ninety-nine per cent of respondents 'agreed' or 'strongly agreed' that staff and/or volunteers understood their concerns, and 97% 'agreed' or 'strongly agreed' that overall PANDA had helped them. Callers described the PANDA service as uniquely tailored to the perinatal period, providing accessible, non-judgemental understanding and support, with a global theme from open-ended comments describing PANDA as 'a safe space to be heard and receive support without judgement'. Recommendations for service changes included increased hours of availability. CONCLUSIONS Callers reported positive experiences of accessing support from the PANDA National Perinatal Depression Helpline. The Helpline was described as an accessible and acceptable telephone support for individuals experiencing perinatal mental illness. Recommendations for changes to the service included an increase in hours of operation to enable greater responsiveness at times of need, reduced waiting times, and access to continuity with the same volunteer and/or telephone counsellor. The findings of the study will be useful in informing future service provision, review, and implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Biggs
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Level 3, 215 Franklin St, Melbourne, 3000, Australia.
| | - Touran Shafiei
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Level 3, 215 Franklin St, Melbourne, 3000, Australia.
| | - Della A Forster
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Level 3, 215 Franklin St, Melbourne, 3000, Australia. .,The Royal Women's Hospital, Locked Bag 300 Grattan St & Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Rhonda Small
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Level 3, 215 Franklin St, Melbourne, 3000, Australia.
| | - Helen L McLachlan
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Level 3, 215 Franklin St, Melbourne, 3000, Australia. .,School of Nursing & Midwifery, La Trobe University, Cnr Plenty Rd & Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|