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Van Syoc E, Stegman M, Sullivan R, Confair A, Warren K, Hicks SD. Associations of Maternal Breastmilk microRNAs and Infant Obesity Status at 1 Year. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:813. [PMID: 38927748 PMCID: PMC11203006 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Infant consumption of human milk (HM) is associated with a reduced risk of overweight and obesity, but the reasons for this relationship are not completely understood. There is emerging evidence that micro RNAs (miRNAs) regulate infant development and metabolism, but the associations between HM miRNAs and infant growth remain poorly understood. We examined the relationship between HM miRNA consumption and infant obesity in 163 mother-infant dyads to determine (1) if miRNA profiles differentiate infants with obesity, and (2) if individual miRNAs accurately predicted infant obesity status at one year of age. Infant obesity was categorized as weight-for-length (WFL) Z scores or conditional weight gain (CWG) in the 95th percentile. HM miRNA profile was associated with infant age (r2 = 6.4%, p = 0.001), but not maternal obesity status (r2 = 1.5%, p = 0.87) or infant weight status (WFL Z-score) at birth (r2 = 0.6%, p = 0.4), 1 month (r2 = 0.5%, p = 0.6), or 4 months (r2 = 0.8%, p = 0.2). Nine HM miRNAs were associated with either 12-month CWG or 12-month WFL Z scores. Among these 9 miRNAs, miR-224-5p remained significant in a logistic regression model that accounted for additional demographic factors (estimate = -27.57, p = 0.004). These findings suggest involvement of HM miRNAs and particularly miR-224-5p in infant growth, warranting further investigation. To our knowledge, this is the largest study of HM miRNAs and early-life obesity and contributes to the understanding of the relationship between HM miRNAs and infant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Van Syoc
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
- One Health Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Molly Stegman
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA (R.S.)
| | - Rhea Sullivan
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA (R.S.)
| | - Alexandra Confair
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA (R.S.)
| | - Kaitlyn Warren
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA (R.S.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven D. Hicks
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA (R.S.)
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Yu HT, Xu WH, Gong JY, Chen YF, He Y, Chen ST, Wu YY, Liu GL, Zhang HY, Xie L. Effect of high-fat diet on the fatty acid profiles of brain in offspring mice exposed to maternal gestational diabetes mellitus. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:849-858. [PMID: 38341506 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fatty acids play a critical role in the proper functioning of the brain. This study investigated the effects of a high-fat (HF) diet on brain fatty acid profiles of offspring exposed to maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS Insulin receptor antagonist (S961) and HF diet were used to establish the GDM animal model. Brain fatty acid profiles of the offspring mice were measured by gas chromatography at weaning and adulthood. Protein expressions of the fatty acid transport pathway Wnt3/β-catenin and the target protein major facilitator superfamily domain-containing 2a (MFSD2a) were measured in the offspring brain by Western blot. RESULTS Maternal GDM increased the body weight of male offspring (P < 0.05). In weaning offspring, factorial analysis showed that maternal GDM increased the monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) percentage of the weaning offspring's brain (P < 0.05). Maternal GDM decreased offspring brain arachidonic acid (AA), but HF diet increased brain linoleic acid (LA) (P < 0.05). Maternal GDM and HF diet reduced offspring brain docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and the male offspring had higher DHA than the female offspring (P < 0.05). In adult offspring, factorial analysis showed that HF diet increased brain MUFA in offspring, and male offspring had higher brain MUFA than female offspring (P < 0.05). The HF diet increased brain LA in the offspring. Male offspring had higher level of AA than female offspring (P < 0.05). HF diet reduced DHA in the brains of female offspring. The brain protein expression of β-catenin and MFSD2a in both weaning and adult female offspring was lower in the HF + GDM group than in the CON group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Maternal GDM increased the susceptibility of male offspring to HF diet-induced obesity. HF diet-induced adverse brain fatty acid profiles in both male and female offspring exposed to GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Wen-Hui Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jia-Yu Gong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yi-Fei Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yuan He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Shu-Tong Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yan-Yan Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Guo-Liang Liu
- Experimental Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Hai-Ying Zhang
- Experimental Teaching Center for Radiation Medicine, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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Aydın B, Yalçin SS. Changes in anthropometry in full-term breastfed newborns and associated factors for the first month. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e24024. [PMID: 38031486 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aim to assess the changes and associated factors in newborn anthropometry in the first month for full-term, healthy, and exclusive-breastfed infants. METHODS Neonatal anthropometric measurements were taken on day 5, day 15, and day 30 after delivery. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) analyzed the changes. RESULTS From 169 mother-newborn pairs, GEE showed that weight gain during the first month was influenced by maternal body mass index (BMI), delivery type, birth weight, and jaundice after adjusting confounding factors (p < .05). The neonatal length was affected by the smoking status of parents, gestational maternal health problems, maternal height, birth weight, and jaundice (p < .05). Neonatal head circumference was influenced by the smoking status of parents, gestational maternal health problems, maternal BMI, delivery type, maternal height, and birth weight. CONCLUSION Adverse perinatal factors including mother's smoke exposure, maternal obesity and diabetes, cesarean birth, and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia influence anthropometry in the first months of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beril Aydın
- Department of Pediatrics, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Siddika Songül Yalçin
- Department of Social Pediatrics, Institute of Child Health, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Guo B, Pei J, Xu Y, Wang Y, Jiang X. Effects of early standardized management on the growth trajectory of offspring with gestational diabetes mellitus at 0-5 years old: a preliminary longitudinal study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13939. [PMID: 37626162 PMCID: PMC10457318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40928-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the application value of early standardized management in the delivery of neonates of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Parturient diagnosed with GDM and their offspring were selected in our hospital from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017 to underwent early standardized management. Non-GDM pregnant women and their offspring were selected as the control group. The growth and development of children aged 0-5 years in the two groups were longitudinally followed up, and the mixed linear model was used to evaluate and compare the growth trajectories. There was no significant difference in height and weight between the two groups at 1 year old (P > 0.05), but the BMI of the GDM group was significantly higher than that in the control group. After 1 year of age, both groups of offspring were similar in height, weight, and BMI, and these similarities persisted at 2, 3, 4, and 5 years of age. After controlling for covariates, the weight, length/height of the two groups of children were slightly different in the growth trajectories between 0-1 years old, 1-2 years old, 2-3 years old, 3-4 years old, and 4-5 years old with no statistical significance (P > 0.05). Although growth differences between the two groups of children were detected within 1 year of age, there were no significant differences in growth trajectories from 1 to 5 years between two groups, which proved that early standardized management has positive significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Guo
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Pei
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yin Xu
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinye Jiang
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China.
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Hufnagel A, Grant ID, Aiken CEM. Glucose and oxygen in the early intrauterine environment and their role in developmental abnormalities. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 131:25-34. [PMID: 35410716 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The early life environment can have profound impacts on the developing conceptus in terms of both growth and morphogenesis. These impacts can manifest in a variety of ways, including congenital fetal anomalies, placental dysfunction with subsequent effects on fetal growth, and adverse perinatal outcomes, or via effects on long-term health outcomes that may not be detected until later childhood or adulthood. Two key examples of environmental influences on early development are explored: maternal hyperglycaemia and gestational hypoxia. These are increasingly common pregnancy exposures worldwide, with potentially profound impacts on population health. We explore what is known regarding the mechanisms by which these environmental exposures can impact early intrauterine development and thus result in adverse outcomes in the immediate, short, and long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Hufnagel
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Imogen D Grant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, Box 223, The Rosie Hospital and NIHR Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK
| | - Catherine E M Aiken
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, Box 223, The Rosie Hospital and NIHR Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK; University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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