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Nair PM, Srivastava R, Chaudhary P, Kuraichya P, Dhaigude V, Naliyapara HB, Mondal G, Mani V. Impact of zinc, copper, manganese and chromium supplementation on growth performance and blood metabolic profile of Sahiwal (Bos indicus) male calves. Biometals 2023; 36:1421-1439. [PMID: 37563359 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00527-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to see the effect of oral supplementation of specific trace minerals mixture on the growth, immunity, and reproductive development of indigenous growing bull calves. Eighteen Sahiwal bull calves, with an average age of 6 months were chosen and divided into three groups. Group 1 was fed with a basal diet, Group 2 was provided with an additional specific trace mineral supplement to achieve a diet containing 70 ppm of Zn, 17.50 ppm of Cu, 65 ppm of Mn, and 1.75 ppm of Cr. Group 3 received a 25% extra supplement to achieve a diet containing 87.50 ppm of Zn, 21.87 ppm of Cu, 81.25 ppm of Mn, and 2.18 ppm of Cr. The experiment was carried out for a total of 180 days. According to the findings, there was no significant impact of specific trace minerals supplementation on the animals' body weight, morphometric parameters, dry matter intake, average daily gain, nutritional value, digestibility and nitrogen retention. However, higher levels of Zn, Cu, and Mn led to increased (p < 0.05) total retention, while Cr retention remained the same. Serum mineral concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Mn increased significantly (p < 0.05) in G2 and G3 compared to the G1 group while Ca, P, and Cr had no significant change. Blood plasma glucose, albumin, globulin, and total protein showed no significant differences. Plasma alkaline phosphatase activity improved significantly (p < 0.05) in G2 and G3 but alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and IGF-1 remained unchanged. Superoxide dismutase activity, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, and total immunoglobulin concentration increased significantly (p < 0.05) in G2 and G3 groups, however, catalase activity and IgG count did not change among the groups. Mineral-supplemented groups (G2 and G3) showed a significant change (p < 0.05) in testosterone production during the 120th and the 180th day of the trial. Scrotal circumference and temperature gradient of the scrotal surface did not show any significant change. Supplementing growing bull calves with specific trace minerals above the basal level (70, 17.50, 65 and 1.75 ppm of Zn, Cu, Mn and Cr) has no direct beneficial effect on the growth parameters but can have positive effects on their antioxidant status, immunity and reproductive development as the related blood parameters were positively affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanth M Nair
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Rashika Srivastava
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Parul Chaudhary
- School of Agriculture, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Parul Kuraichya
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Vaibhav Dhaigude
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - H B Naliyapara
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Goutam Mondal
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Veena Mani
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.
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Shao Y, Li X, Du S, Sun X, Wang Y, Zhao D, Wang Z. Effect of Dietary Supplemental Zinc on Laying Performance, Egg Quality, and Plasma Hormone Levels of Breeding Pigeons. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2991-2999. [PMID: 36104538 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03402-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the dietary zinc requirement of parental pigeons for better laying and reproductive performance, egg quality, sex hormones, and mineral content in eggs. A total of 160 pairs of healthy American Silver King pigeons were randomly assigned to five treatments of eight replicate cages each with four pairs of birds per cage, and fed a basal diet without zinc supplementation or the basal diet supplemented with 30, 60, 90, and 120 mg of zinc/kg (ZnSO4·7H2O). The experiment lasted for 45 days, including two laying cycles. Results indicated the egg production rate (P = 0.081), egg shape index (P = 0.038), egg eggshell percentage (P = 0.070), and zinc and calcium contents (P < 0.01) tended to be affected or significantly affected by zinc addition. They increased quadratically with dietary zinc levels (P < 0.05). Besides, shell thickness (P = 0.069), plasma testosterone (P = 0.008), LH, and carbonic anhydrase contents (P < 0.05) tended to be affected or significantly affected by zinc addition. They increased linearly as dietary zinc level increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control, 60 mg/kg zinc addition increased egg production rate, egg shape index, zinc and calcium contents in eggshell, and plasma testosterone concentration in pigeons (P < 0.05), and tended to increase the eggshell percentage (P = 0.07). Besides, supplemental 120 mg/kg zinc had higher shell thickness and LH content than control (P < 0.05), but had no difference with 60 mg/kg zinc addition. In conclusion, the supplementation of zinc at the level of 60 mg/kg to basal diet improved laying performance by increasing eggshell quality and sex hormone levels of breeding pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Shao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Xing Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Shaohua Du
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Xiaoshan Sun
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Dongdong Zhao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
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Dias A, Brook MN, Bancroft EK, Page EC, Chamberlain A, Saya S, Amin J, Mikropoulos C, Taylor N, Myhill K, Thomas S, Saunders E, Dadaev T, Leongamornlert D, Dyrsø Jensen T, Evans DG, Cybulski C, Liljegren A, Teo SH, Side L, Kote‐Jarai Z, Eeles RA. Serum testosterone and prostate cancer in men with germline BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants. BJUI COMPASS 2023; 4:361-373. [PMID: 37025481 PMCID: PMC10071088 DOI: 10.1002/bco2.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The relation of serum androgens and the development of prostate cancer (PCa) is subject of debate. Lower total testosterone (TT) levels have been associated with increased PCa detection and worse pathological features after treatment. However, data from the Reduction by Dutasteride of Prostate Cancer Events (REDUCE) and Prostate Cancer Prevention (PCPT) trial groups indicate no association. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of serum androgen levels and PCa detection in a prospective screening study of men at higher genetic risk of aggressive PCa due to BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants (PVs), the IMPACT study. Methods Men enrolled in the IMPACT study provided serum samples during regular visits. Hormonal levels were calculated using immunoassays. Free testosterone (FT) was calculated from TT and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) using the Sodergard mass equation. Age, body mass index (BMI), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and hormonal concentrations were compared between genetic cohorts. We also explored associations between age and TT, SHBG, FT and PCa, in the whole subset and stratified by BRCA1/2 PVs status. Results A total of 777 participants in the IMPACT study had TT and SHBG measurements in serum samples at annual visits, giving 3940 prospective androgen levels, from 266 BRCA1 PVs carriers, 313 BRCA2 PVs carriers and 198 non-carriers. The median number of visits per patient was 5. There was no difference in TT, SHBG and FT between carriers and non-carriers. In a univariate analysis, androgen levels were not associated with PCa. In the analysis stratified by carrier status, no significant association was found between hormonal levels and PCa in non-carriers, BRCA1 or BRCA2 PVs carriers. Conclusions Male BRCA1/2 PVs carriers have a similar androgen profile to non-carriers. Hormonal levels were not associated with PCa in men with and without BRCA1/2 PVs. Mechanisms related to the particularly aggressive phenotype of PCa in BRCA2 PVs carriers may therefore not be linked with circulating hormonal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dias
- Oncogenetics TeamThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Instituto Nacional de Cancer Jose de Alencar Gomes da Silva INCARio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Mark N. Brook
- Oncogenetics TeamThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Elizabeth K. Bancroft
- Oncogenetics TeamThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Academic Urology UnitRoyal Marsden NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | | | | | - Sibel Saya
- Oncogenetics TeamThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Jan Amin
- Clinical Biochemistry SectionRoyal Marsden NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Christos Mikropoulos
- Oncogenetics TeamThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Academic Urology UnitRoyal Marsden NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Natalie Taylor
- Oncogenetics TeamThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Academic Urology UnitRoyal Marsden NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Kathryn Myhill
- Oncogenetics TeamThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Academic Urology UnitRoyal Marsden NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Sarah Thomas
- Oncogenetics TeamThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | | | - Tokhir Dadaev
- Oncogenetics TeamThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | | | | | - D. Gareth Evans
- Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreCentral Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and PathologyPomeranian Medical University in SzczecinSzczecinPoland
| | - Annelie Liljegren
- Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Soo H. Teo
- Cancer Research Initiatives FoundationSubang Jaya Medical CentreSelangorDarul EhsanMalaysia
| | - Lucy Side
- Wessex Clinical Genetics ServicePrincess Anne HospitalSouthamptonUK
| | | | | | - Rosalind A. Eeles
- Oncogenetics TeamThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Academic Urology UnitRoyal Marsden NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
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Ramakrishnan S, Kittles RA, Huss WJ, Wang J, Attwood K, Woloszynska A. Serum Androgen Metabolites Correlate with Clinical Variables in African and European American Men with Localized, Therapy Naïve Prostate Cancer. Metabolites 2023; 13:284. [PMID: 36837903 PMCID: PMC9962438 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and testosterone (T), which mediate androgen receptor nuclear translocation and target gene transcription, are crucial androgens and essential molecular triggers required for the proliferation and survival of prostate cancer cells. Therefore, androgen metabolism is commonly targeted in the treatment of prostate cancer. Using a high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay with tandem mass spectral detection, we determined the serum levels of metabolites produced during DHT/T biosynthesis in African American (AA) and European American (EA) men with localized, therapy naïve prostate cancer. Serum progesterone and related metabolites were significantly lower in AA men than in EA men, and these differences were associated with rapid disease progression. Multivariate analysis revealed significant differences between a subset of intermediate androgen metabolites between AA and EA men and between men with <=3 + 4 and >=4 + 3 Gleason score disease. AA men have a significantly higher frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms in CYP11B1 and CYP11B2, enzymes that regulate corticosterone-aldosterone conversion. Finally, higher levels of T and pregnenolone were associated with a lower risk of progression-free survival only in AA men. This work provides new insight into androgen metabolism and racial disparities in prostate cancer by presenting evidence of dysregulated androgen biosynthesis in therapy naïve disease that correlates with clinical variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Ramakrishnan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Rick A. Kittles
- Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Wendy J. Huss
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and BioStatistics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Kristopher Attwood
- Department of Bioinformatics and BioStatistics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Anna Woloszynska
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Diokno AC. The role of testosterone in men's health: is it time for a new approach? Int Urol Nephrol 2022; 54:2767-2774. [PMID: 35909146 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-022-03292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Because of many unanswered questions regarding men's health, a literature review was performed to better understand the role of testosterone and testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in the management of hypogonadism and aging related prostate gland diseases (ARPGD) including prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). METHODS The PubMed database was screened for pertinent peer reviewed articles published during the last four decades that culminated in the positions and recommendations in this paper. RESULTS Hypogonadism seriously impacts men's health, and the diagnosis remains controversial. The incidence of ARPGD is projected to increase worldwide and treatment still has significant limitations. There is compelling evidence that lower, not higher, testosterone levels trigger the development of PCa and BPH through androgen receptor over-expression. TRT was found to be safe and effective in treating hypogonadism including in PCa survivors and those harboring PCa. There is also evidence that TRT might reduce the incidence and prevalence of ARPGD. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This review synthesizes a wide-ranging compendium of basic science and clinical research that strongly encourages altering the present approach to diagnosing and treating men with hypogonadism and ARPGD. These findings underscore the importance of avoiding significant testosterone decline and support the use of TRT. Ten recommendations are offered as a framework for the way forward. It is now time for clinicians, payers, researchers, funding agencies, professional associations, and patient advocacy groups to embrace this new paradigm to increase longevity and improve the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananias C Diokno
- Department of Urology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA.
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Godtman RA, Kollberg KS, Pihl CG, Månsson M, Hugosson J. The Association Between Age, Prostate Cancer Risk, and Higher Gleason Score in a Long-term Screening Program: Results from the Göteborg-1 Prostate Cancer Screening Trial. Eur Urol 2022; 82:311-317. [PMID: 35120773 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have suggested associations between greater age, increased risk of prostate cancer (PC), and higher Gleason score. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed at investigating these associations within the Göteborg-1 randomized, population-based PC screening trial. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The screening arm of the Göteborg-1 screening trial comprises 10000 randomly selected men (aged 50-64 yr at randomization) from the Göteborg region of Sweden. Between 1995 and 2014, they were biennially invited to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing to an upper age limit of 70 yr (range 67-71 yr). PSA ≥3 ng/ml triggered a prostate biopsy (sextant biopsy 1995-2009, thereafter a ten-core biopsy). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The impact of age on Gleason score, given a screen-detected PC, was investigated with multinomial logistic regression analyses adjusted for year of testing and screening round. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Overall, 7625 men had at least one PSA test and 1022 men were diagnosed with PC. For men with screen-detected PC, age was associated with the risk of clinically significant PC above and beyond screening round and year of testing (p < 0.001). For each 1-yr increase in age, the risk of being diagnosed with a Gleason score ≥3 + 4 cancer (vs <7) increased by 11% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.7-17), whereas the risk of being diagnosed with a Gleason score ≥4 + 3 cancer (vs <7) increased by 8.5% (95% CI -1.6 to 20). CONCLUSIONS The increased risk of a higher Gleason score in older men should be considered when counseling men regarding early diagnosis and treatment for PC. PATIENT SUMMARY We found that older age increased both the risk of prostate cancer and the risk of more aggressive prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecka Arnsrud Godtman
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenborg, Sweden.
| | - Karin Stinesen Kollberg
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl-Gustaf Pihl
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenborg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marianne Månsson
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Hugosson
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Zeng B, Qiu S, Xiong X, Su X, Zhang Z, Wei Q, Yang L. The effect of different administrations of testosterone therapy on adverse prostate events: A Bayesian network meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1009900. [PMID: 36419763 PMCID: PMC9678341 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1009900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypogonadism has become a major cause endangering men's health and quality of life all over the world. Testosterone Therapy (TT) is a widely accepted treatment for relieving hypogonadal symptoms. However, the effect of different administrations of TT on prostate safety is still unclear. METHODS We did a thorough search of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library to identify eligible studies up to January 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and Cohort studies evaluating the impacts of using different formulations of TT on prostate parameters were included. Changes of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and prostate cancer (Pca) cases were used as the primary outcomes. Quality of individual studies was estimated by RoB2 (Cochrane tool for assessing the risk of bias in randomized trials) and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (Tool for assessing non-RCTs). Certainty of evidence for each study was evaluated according to the evidence assessment criteria of the Oxford Evidence-based Medicine Center. Random-effect network meta-analysis(NMA)was performed based on the Bayesian model. RESULTS Thirty-five studies (30 RCTs and 5 Cohort studies) with 7,740 participants were included. TT administration led to fewer Pca patients (RR=0.62, 95%CI [0.39,0.99], I2=0%), while little decreasing in PSA level (MD=-0.05, 95%CI [-0.08, -0.02], I2=0%). The NMA revealed that compared with other formulations, the intramuscular injection was the most likely to rank first in decreasing Pca cases. The TT also resulted in more biopsy cases (RR=2.38, 95%CI [1.01,5.60], I2=0%). As for NMA, intramuscular injection also performed relatively better in fewer prostate biopsy cases compared with transdermal group. CONCLUSION TT does not lead to abnormal PSA changes and increased risk of Pca in patients with hypogonadism or low testosterone level. Compared with other preparations of TT, intramuscular injection proved better in minimizing Pca cases and was more likely to result in fewer prostate biopsy cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zeng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Center of Biomedical Big Data, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingyu Xiong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingyang Su
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zilong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Wei, ; Lu Yang,
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Wei, ; Lu Yang,
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Prabakar G, Gopi M, Kolluri G, Rokade JJ, Khillare G, Pearlin BV, Jadhav SE, Tyagi JS, Mohan J. Effect of Supplementation of Zinc-Methionine on Egg Production, Semen Quality, Reproductive Hormones, and Hatchability in Broiler Breeders. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4721-4730. [PMID: 33496884 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02590-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A biological study was conducted to explore the effect of zinc-methionine (Zn-Met) supplementation on productive, reproductive, and immunological response in broiler breeders. Adult healthy 45-week breeder males (192) and females (288) were used in a completely randomized design. Birds were randomly divided into four treatments consisting of six replicates and fed basal diet (control, 40 mg/kg), basal diet supplemented with Zn-Met 20 (T1), 40 (T2), and 60 mg/kg (T3). There was no effect (P > 0.05) on body weight and feed consumption among the breeders due to the supplementation of organic Zn. The T3 group had significantly (P < 0.05) higher semen volume, sperm motility, concentration, and live sperm count. The seminal plasma calcium and alkaline phosphatase activity were higher (P < 0.05), and total cholesterol and aspartate transaminase levels were low in the T3 group. Birds fed with additional supplementation of Zn (60 mg/kg) had improved both cellular and humoral immunity. Throughout the experimental period, the hen day egg production was comparable (P > 0.05) among the experimental groups. Organic Zn-supplemented group showed significant difference in both the internal and external egg qualities-albumen, yolk index, and shell thickness. The higher dose of organic Zn-fed groups had a significant difference in estrogen and progesterone concentration, and the highest testosterone concentration was observed in the T2 group. Supplementary organic Zn had a significant effect on the concentration of Zn and Cu in the seminal plasma. Serum Zn and Cu concentration was significantly increased due to the supplementation of organic zinc in both male and female breeders. The fertility and hatchability percentage were higher (P < 0.05) in the T2 group. It could be concluded that the additional supplementation of organic Zn (zinc-methionine) at 40 mg/kg to the basal diet improved the reproductive performance in broiler breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinthasamy Prabakar
- Division of Avian Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India
- Livestock Farm Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Udumalpet, 642 126, India
| | - Marappan Gopi
- Division of Avian Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India.
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, 560 030, India.
| | - Gautham Kolluri
- Division of Avian Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India
| | - Jaydip Jaywant Rokade
- Division of Avian Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India
| | - Gautham Khillare
- Division of Avian Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India
| | - Beulah V Pearlin
- Division of Avian Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India
| | - Sunil Ekanath Jadhav
- Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - Jagbir Singh Tyagi
- Division of Avian Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India
| | - Jag Mohan
- Division of Avian Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India
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Barrett R, Barrett R, Dhar K, Birch B. Gonadorelins adherence in prostate cancer: A time-series analysis of England's national prescriptions during the COVID-19 pandemic (from Jan 2019 to Oct 2020). BJUI COMPASS 2021; 2:419-427. [PMID: 34518826 PMCID: PMC8427122 DOI: 10.1002/bco2.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on gonadorelin analogue prescription for community patients in England. Materials and methods We included data from all primary‐care patients who had relevant prescriptions dispensed in the community in England. Descriptive statistics and interrupted time series analysis over 22 months (15 months before and 7 months after lockdown) was evaluated. Results A total of 22 months’ worth of data were analyzed (or 1 041 638 total items, monthly average 47 347 items). Goserelin; leuprorelin, and triptorelin are the medicines most used by total quantity in the study period. Simple descriptive statistics show that mean values have declined during the pandemic. The Interrupted Time Series (ARIMA Modeling) shows declining trends. After the pandemic's onset, we observe a statistically significant downward trend for goserelin (P = .017) and leuprorelin (P = .014). As these are the major constituents of the model, we interpret this overall data as showing a significant downward category trend. Aside from linearity, a significant step change was noted for leuprorelin (P = .029) showing an increase in prescription items with a similar effect that is close to being statistically significant for goserelin (P = .051). The actual cost of medicines shows minimal variation suggesting that prices of individual medicines have remained stable. The regional data showed variation but this was not statistically significant. In all cases, the Oct‐20 figures are lower “year on year.” This novel work reports the impact of a global pandemic on prescription volumes of prostate cancer (PCa) medicines. Conclusions A worrying decrease in prescription medicines raises concerns for the care of PCa patients. We encourage diagnosed patients to discuss their planned care with their doctor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravina Barrett
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences Cockcroft Building University of Brighton Brighton UK.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences University of Portsmouth Portsmouth UK
| | | | - Kalyan Dhar
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology Swansea Bay University Health Board Singleton Hospital Swansea UK
| | - Brian Birch
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust Southampton UK.,School of Medicine University of Southampton Southampton UK
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Mondal D, Narwani D, Notta S, Ghaffar D, Mardhekar N, Quadri SSA. Oxidative stress and redox signaling in CRPC progression: therapeutic potential of clinically-tested Nrf2-activators. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2021; 4:96-124. [PMID: 35582006 PMCID: PMC9019181 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the mainstay regimen in patients with androgen-dependent prostate cancer (PCa). However, the selection of androgen-independent cancer cells leads to castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The aggressive phenotype of CRPC cells underscores the need to elucidate mechanisms and therapeutic strategies to suppress CRPC outgrowth. Despite ADT, the activation of androgen receptor (AR) transcription factor continues via crosstalk with parallel signaling pathways. Understanding of how these signaling cascades are initiated and amplified post-ADT is lacking. Hormone deprivation can increase oxidative stress and the resultant reactive oxygen species (ROS) may activate both AR and non-AR signaling. Moreover, ROS-induced inflammatory cytokines may further amplify these redox signaling pathways to augment AR function. However, clinical trials using ROS quenching small molecule antioxidants have not suppressed CRPC progression, suggesting that more potent and persistent suppression of redox signaling in CRPC cells will be needed. The transcription factor Nrf2 increases the expression of numerous antioxidant enzymes and downregulates the function of inflammatory transcription factors, e.g., nuclear factor kappa B. We documented that Nrf2 overexpression can suppress AR-mediated transcription in CRPC cell lines. Furthermore, two Nrf2 activating agents, sulforaphane (a phytochemical) and bardoxolone-methyl (a drug in clinical trial) suppress AR levels and sensitize CRPC cells to anti-androgens. These observations implicate the benefits of potent Nrf2-activators to suppress the lethal signaling cascades that lead to CRPC outgrowth. This review article will address the redox signaling networks that augment AR signaling during PCa progression to CRPC, and the possible utility of Nrf2-activating agents as an adjunct to ADT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasis Mondal
- Debusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37932, USA
| | - Devin Narwani
- Debusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37932, USA
| | - Shahnawaz Notta
- Debusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37932, USA
| | - Dawood Ghaffar
- Debusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37932, USA
| | - Nikhil Mardhekar
- Debusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37932, USA
| | - Syed S A Quadri
- Debusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37932, USA
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DeJongh J, Ahsman M, Snelder N. A population K-PD model analysis of long-term testosterone inhibition in prostate cancer patients undergoing intermittent androgen deprivation therapy. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2021; 48:465-477. [PMID: 33538922 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-020-09736-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent androgen deprivation therapy with gonadotropin-releasing-hormone (GnRH) agonists can prevent or delay disease progression and development of castration resistant prostate cancer for subpopulations of prostate cancer patients. It may also reduce risk and severity of side effects associated with chemical castration in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. One of the earliest comprehensively documented clinical trials on this was reported in a Canadian patient population treated with leuprorelin preceded by a lead-in with cyproterone acetate. A systems-based mixed effect analysis of testosterone response in active and recovery phases allows inference of new information from this patient population. Efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy is presumed to depend on a treshold value for testosterone at the nadir, below which no additional beneficial effects on PSA reponse can be expected, and occurance of testosterone breakthroughs during active therapy. The present analysis results in a mixed effect model, incorporating GnRH receptor activation, testosterone turnover and feedback mechanisms, describing and predicting testosterone inhibition under intermittent androgen deprivation therapy on the individual and population level, during multiple years of therapy. Testosterone levels in these patients decline over time with an estimated first order rate constant of 0.083 year-1(T1/2 = 8.4 y), with a substantial distribution among this patient population, compared to the general population. PCa patients leaving the trial due to unmanageble PSA relapse appear to have slightly higher testosterone levels at the nadir than sustained responders. These findings are expected to contribute to an increased understanding of the role of testosterone in long term disease progression of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost DeJongh
- LAP&P Consultants BV, Archimedesweg 31, 2333 CM, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Maurice Ahsman
- LAP&P Consultants BV, Archimedesweg 31, 2333 CM, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nelleke Snelder
- LAP&P Consultants BV, Archimedesweg 31, 2333 CM, Leiden, The Netherlands
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12
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Zhang X, Zhong Y, Saad F, Haider KS, Haider A, Clendenin AG, Xu X. Testosterone therapy may reduce prostate cancer risk due to testosterone deficiency at a young age via stabilizing serum testosterone levels. Aging Male 2020; 23:112-118. [PMID: 30857458 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2019.1578739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate whether testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) reduces prostate cancer (PCa) risk via stabilizing serum testosterone (T) levels beyond simply elevating serum T levels and whether TRT reduces PCa risk due to low serum T levels at a young age.Methods: We analyzed data of 776 hypogonadal men from a urology center in Bremerhaven, Germany through 2004-2016 to investigate whether the TRT group has more stable T levels and whether TRT can reduce the risk of PCa due to low serum T levels at an early age. We derived an index, Maximum Decline of T Relative to Baseline (MDRB), to describe the magnitude of T declines and variations over time.Results: We found the TRT group has more stable serum T levels (e.g. smaller drop-offs) during the follow-up period as compared to the non-TRT group, and the mean of MDRB is significantly higher in the untreated group (1.553 nmol/L VS 0.013 nmol/L; p-value < .001). TRT significantly reduces the risk of PCa associated with T deficiency at a young age (p-value = .00087).Conclusions: TRT may reduce PCa risk via maintaining serum T levels within individual's normal range; T surveillance may be needed for males who have low serum T levels at a young age to monitor abnormal variations of T levels and ensure timely treatment when necessary to reduce PCa risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Yan Zhong
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Farid Saad
- Global Medical Affairs Andrology, Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany and Research Department, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE
| | | | | | - Angela G Clendenin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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13
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Sugano D, Sidana A, Jain AL, Calio B, Gaur S, Maruf M, Merino M, Choyke P, Turkbey B, Wood BJ, Pinto PA. Hypogonadism and prostate cancer detection on multiparametric MRI and mpMRI-TRUS fusion biopsy. Int Urol Nephrol 2019; 52:633-638. [PMID: 31807974 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-019-02354-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Currently, there is a dearth of data concerning the impact of hypogonadism on prostate cancer detection by imaging. In this study, we evaluated the performance of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and mpMRI-TRUS fusion biopsy in hypogonadal patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical and pathologic data from a prospectively maintained, single-institution database of patients who underwent 3T mpMRI and fusion biopsy between 2007 and 2016 were analyzed. Hypogonadism was defined by an institutional cutoff of serum testosterone ≤ 180 ng/dL; T2, DWI, and DCE scores were calculated from mpMRI. Cancer detection rates were compared by Chi-square tests. Multivariate logistic regression was undertaken to evaluate the impact of hypogonadism on clinically significant cancer detection by systematic and fusion biopsy. RESULTS We included 522 patients in our study who had total testosterone levels measured within 90 days of mpMRI. Of these, 49 (9.4%) were hypogonadal. Median total testosterone was 148 ng/dL (IQR 41) in the hypogonadal group, and 304 ng/dL (IQR 132) in the normogonadal group (p < 0.001). Imaging results were comparable between the hypo and normogonadal groups. In the hypogonadal group, systematic biopsy detected clinically significant cancer in 28.6% of patients compared to 40.8% with fusion biopsy. In the normogonadal cohort, systematic and fusion biopsy detected 37.3% and 43.2% CS cancer, respectively. In the hypogonadal cohort, fusion biopsy detected 12.2% more CS cancers compared to systematic biopsy, while it detected only 5.9% more in the normogonadal cohort. On multivariate analysis, hypogonadism was found to be an independent predictor of decreased CS cancer detection on systematic (p = 0.048), but not on fusion biopsy (p = 0.170). CONCLUSIONS Hypogonadism is an independent predictor of lower CS cancer detection on systematic biopsy. However, it fails to significantly impact CS detection on fusion biopsy with comparable cancer detection rates in both groups. Patients with hypogonadism may benefit more from fusion biopsy than normogonadal patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dordaneh Sugano
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abhinav Sidana
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amit L Jain
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Brian Calio
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sonia Gaur
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mahir Maruf
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria Merino
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Baris Turkbey
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bradford J Wood
- Center for Interventional Oncology, National Cancer Institute and Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter A Pinto
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Association of Long-Term Dynamics in Circulating Testosterone with Serum PSA in Prostate Cancer-Free Men with Initial-PSA < 4 ng/mL. Discov Oncol 2019; 10:168-176. [PMID: 31621000 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-019-00369-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that an accelerated decline in circulating testosterone level is associated with a higher risk of prostate cancer (PCa). This study is to examine whether testosterone change rate is related to serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration among PCa-free men. Longitudinal data were derived from electronic medical records at a tertiary hospital in the Southeastern USA. PCa-free men with initial-PSA < 4 ng/mL and ≥ 2 testosterone measurements were included (n = 632). Three PSA measures (peak, the most recent, and average PSA) during the study period (from first testosterone measurement to the most recent hospital visit) were examined using multivariable-adjusted geometric means and were compared across quintiles of testosterone change rate (ng/dL/month) and current testosterone level (cross-sectional). Mean (standard deviation, SD) age at baseline was 59.3 (10.5) years; mean study period was 93.0 (55.3) months. After adjusting for covariates including baseline testosterone, the three PSA measures all significantly increased across quintile of testosterone change rate from increase to decline (peak PSA: quint 1 = 1.09, quint 5 = 1.41; the most recent PSA: quint 1 = 0.85, quint 5 = 1.00; average PSA: quint 1 = 0.89, quint 5 = 1.02; all Ptrend < 0.001). But current testosterone level was not associated with PSA levels. Stratified analyses indicated men with higher adiposity (body mass index > 24.1 kg/m2) or lower baseline testosterone (≤ 296 ng/dL) were more sensitive to testosterone change in regard to PSA. Among PCa-free men, accelerated testosterone decline might correlate with higher serum PSA concentration. It will help to elucidate the mechanisms relating aging-accompanying testosterone dynamics to prostate carcinogenesis.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The majority of end-stage renal disease including dialysis and kidney transplant patients are men. In contrast, the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is higher in women compared with men. In this review, we dissect the sex hormone levels and its effects on experimental models and patients with CKD. RECENT FINDINGS Sex hormones are clearly involved in CKD progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). A significant reduction in lipid peroxidation as a mechanism of renoprotection has been observed in kidneys of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic ovariectomized rats after estradiol administration. Furthermore, a G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor inhibits podocyte oxidative stress maintaining the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane. Sex hormone depletion has been shown to modulate RAS system and protect against kidney injury in the male STZ-diabetic model. In human primary proximal tubular epithelial cells, a proteomic study showed that dihydrotestosterone dysregulated metabolic, suggesting that the deleterious effect of androgens within the kidney maybe related to altered energy metabolism in renal tubules. SUMMARY Male gender is associated with worse CKD progression and this fact may be ascribed to sex hormone. Although male hormones exert a deleterious effect in terms of increasing oxidative stress, activating RAS system, and worsening fibrosis within the damaged kidney, female hormones exert a renoprotective effect.
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16
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Zhang X, Zhong Y, Taylor N, Xu X. Family history of prostate cancer and age-related trend of testosterone levels among US males: NHANES 2003-2004. Andrology 2019; 7:288-292. [PMID: 30953415 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have suggested that rapid age-related declines of testosterone (T) level may play a critical role in the development of prostate cancer (PCa), and family history of PCa is another well-established risk factor of PCa, which have been reported to be associated with androgen metabolism-related genes. However, few studies have ever investigated whether a family history of PCa influences the risk of PCa via regulating the age-related trend of T level among males over the life course. OBJECTIVES To examine the association between family history of PCa and age-related trend of T levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2003 to 2004 (n = 322) to compare the age-specific T levels in males with a family history of PCa and those without. RESULTS We found that between two younger age groups (ages 20-39 and 40-59), there was a more pronounced drop-off in T levels among men with a family history of PCa compared to men without a family history. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This preliminary analysis suggested that men with a family history of PCa may experience a sharper decline in T level over the life course as compared to males without a family history. However, no conclusions can be made due to small sample sizes. Further longitudinal studies with large sample sizes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Y Zhong
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - N Taylor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - X Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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17
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Hillebrand AC, Pizzolato LS, Branchini G, Brum IS. Androgenic modulation of AR-Vs. Endocrine 2018; 62:477-486. [PMID: 30027434 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1682-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The importance of androgen receptor variants (AR-Vs) is recognized in prostate cancer. AR-Vs have been the focus of many studies. Expression of AR-Vs has been proposed as a biomarker for resistance to androgen deprivation therapy for metastatic disease. Herein, we show dynamic changes in AR-Vs expression in response to androgen modulation. METHODS The C4-2B cell line was exposed to low (10-13 M) and high (10-8 M) androgen (dihydrotestosterone, DHT) levels, with or without flutamide. mRNA and protein expression levels were assessed by qPCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS We demonstrated that high levels of DHT downregulate AR-FL and AR-Vs. Even though AR-Vs did not present ligand-binding domain, thus were not capable of binding to DHT, they present dynamic changes under androgen treatment. Treatment with flutamide alone or in association with low levels of DHT stimulates growth of prostatic cells. CONCLUSIONS Importantly, we provide evidence that AR-Vs respond differently to androgenic modulation. These findings have implications for a better understanding of the role of AR-Vs in prostate carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Caroline Hillebrand
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrine and Tumoral Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Sciences of Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Lolita Schneider Pizzolato
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrine and Tumoral Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Sciences of Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Gisele Branchini
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Ilma Simoni Brum
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrine and Tumoral Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Sciences of Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Molecular Obstetrics and Gynecology, Experimental Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-903, Brazil.
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18
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Wang K, Chen X, Gerke TA, Bird VY, Ghayee HK, Prosperi M. BMI trajectories and risk of overall and grade-specific prostate cancer: An observational cohort study among men seen for prostatic conditions. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5272-5280. [PMID: 30207080 PMCID: PMC6198207 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dynamic longitudinal patterns in body mass index (BMI) have been suggested to better predict health outcomes than static measures. Effects of BMI trajectories on prostate cancer (PCa) risk have not been thoroughly explored. Methods Cohort data were derived from electronic medical records of patients who were admitted to a tertiary‐care hospital in the Southeastern USA during 1994‐2016. Patients with a history of urologic clinic visit because of any prostatic condition and with repeatedly measured BMI (n = 4857) were included. BMI trajectories prior to PCa diagnosis were assessed using the developmental trajectory analysis method. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall and grade‐specific PCa. Results The median age (interquartile range, IQR) of the participants at baseline was 63 (54, 72) years. Over a median follow‐up (IQR) of 8.0 (2.0, 13.0) years, 714 (14.7%, 714/4857) were diagnosed with PCa. Men with growing BMI trajectory progressing from normal weight to overweight/obese had a 76% increased PCa risk (aHR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.25, 2.48), and men being obese and experiencing progressive weight gain had 3.72‐fold increased PCa risk (aHR = 3.72; 95% CI: 1.60, 8.66), compared to men with persistently normal BMI. The associations were more pronounced for PCa with Gleason score ≥7. No significant association of decreasing BMI trajectory progressing from obese to normal BMI was found with PCa risk. Conclusions Progressively body weight gain during middle‐to‐late adulthood was associated with increased PCa risk for both normal weight and overweight men. Further studies are warranted to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Xinguang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Travis A Gerke
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Victoria Y Bird
- Department of Urology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Hans K Ghayee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Florida and the Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mattia Prosperi
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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19
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Dynamic Patterns of Testosterone Levels in Individuals and Risk of Prostate Cancer among Hypogonadal Men: A Longitudinal Study. J Urol 2018; 199:465-473. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2017.08.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Wang K, Chen X, Bird VY, Gerke TA, Manini TM, Prosperi M. Association between age-related reductions in testosterone and risk of prostate cancer-An analysis of patients' data with prostatic diseases. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:1783-1793. [PMID: 28699177 PMCID: PMC6169522 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between serum total testosterone and prostate cancer (PCa) risk is controversial. The hypothesis that faster age-related reduction in testosterone is linked with increased PCa risk remains untested. We conducted our study at a tertiary-level hospital in southeast of the USA, and derived data from the Medical Registry Database of individuals that were diagnosed of any prostate-related disease from 2001 to 2015. Cases were those diagnosed of PCa and had one or more measurements of testosterone prior to PCa diagnosis. Controls were those without PCa and had one or more testosterone measurements. Multivariable logistic regression models for PCa risk of absolute levels (one-time measure and 5-year average) and annual change in testosterone were respectively constructed. Among a total of 1,559 patients, 217 were PCa cases, and neither one-time measure nor 5-year average of testosterone was found to be significantly associated with PCa risk. Among the 379 patients with two or more testosterone measurements, 27 were PCa cases. For every 10 ng/dL increment in annual reduction of testosterone, the risk of PCa would increase by 14% [adjusted odds ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-1.25]. Compared to patients with a relatively stable testosterone, patients with an annual testosterone reduction of more than 30 ng/dL had 5.03 [95% CI: 1.53, 16.55] fold increase in PCa risk. This implies a faster age-related reduction in, but not absolute level of serum total testosterone as a risk factor for PCa. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Xinguang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Victoria Y. Bird
- Department of Urology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Travis A. Gerke
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Todd M. Manini
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mattia Prosperi
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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21
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Shan T, Dai P, Zhu P, Chen L, Wu W, Li Y, Li C. Effect of an Organic Trace Mineral Premix on the Semen Quality, Testicular Morphology and Gene Expression Related to Testosterone Synthesis of Male Broiler Breeders. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Shan
- Nanjing Agricultural University, China
| | - P Dai
- Nanjing Agricultural University, China
| | - P Zhu
- Jiangsu Lihua Animal Husbandry Stock Co., China
| | - L Chen
- Nanjing Agricultural University, China
| | - W Wu
- Jiangsu Lihua Animal Husbandry Stock Co., China
| | - Y Li
- Nanjing Agricultural University, China
| | - C Li
- Nanjing Agricultural University, China
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22
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Debruyne FMJ, Behre HM, Roehrborn CG, Maggi M, Wu FCW, Schröder FH, Jones TH, Porst H, Hackett G, Wheaton OA, Martin-Morales A, Meuleman E, Cunningham GR, Divan HA, Rosen RC. Testosterone treatment is not associated with increased risk of prostate cancer or worsening of lower urinary tract symptoms: prostate health outcomes in the Registry of Hypogonadism in Men. BJU Int 2016; 119:216-224. [PMID: 27409523 DOI: 10.1111/bju.13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of testosterone-replacement therapy (TRT) on prostate health indicators in hypogonadal men, including rates of prostate cancer diagnoses, changes in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) over time. PATIENTS AND METHODS The Registry of Hypogonadism in Men (RHYME) is a multi-national patient registry of treated and untreated, newly-diagnosed hypogonadal men (n = 999). Follow-up assessments were performed at 3-6, 12, 24, and 36 months. Baseline and follow-up data collection included medical history, physical examination, blood sampling, and patient questionnaires. Prostate biopsies underwent blinded independent adjudication for the presence and severity of prostate cancer; PSA and testosterone levels were measured via local and central laboratory assays; and LUTS severity was assessed via the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). Incidence rates per 100 000 person-years were calculated. Longitudinal mixed models were used to assess effects of testosterone on PSA levels and IPSS. RESULTS Of the 999 men with clinically diagnosed hypogonadism (HG), 750 (75%) initiated TRT, contributing 23 900 person-months of exposure. The mean testosterone levels increased from 8.3 to 15.4 nmol/L in treated men, compared to only a slight increase from 9.4 to 11.3 nmol/L in untreated men. In all, 55 biopsies were performed for suspected prostate cancer, and 12 non-cancer related biopsies were performed for other reasons. Overall, the proportion of positive biopsies was nearly identical in men on TRT (37.5%) compared to those not on TRT (37.0%) over the course of the study. There were no differences in PSA levels, total IPSS, or the IPSS obstructive sub-scale score by TRT status. Lower IPSS irritative sub-scale scores were reported in treated compared to untreated men. CONCLUSIONS Results support prostate safety of TRT in newly diagnosed men with HG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hermann M Behre
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Mario Maggi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Hartmut Porst
- Private Practice of Urology/Andrology, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Glenn R Cunningham
- Baylor College of Medicine, St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hozefa A Divan
- New England Research Institutes, Inc., Watertown, MA, USA
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