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de Olazarra AS, Wang SX. Advances in point-of-care genetic testing for personalized medicine applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:031501. [PMID: 37159750 PMCID: PMC10163839 DOI: 10.1063/5.0143311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Breakthroughs within the fields of genomics and bioinformatics have enabled the identification of numerous genetic biomarkers that reflect an individual's disease susceptibility, disease progression, and therapy responsiveness. The personalized medicine paradigm capitalizes on these breakthroughs by utilizing an individual's genetic profile to guide treatment selection, dosing, and preventative care. However, integration of personalized medicine into routine clinical practice has been limited-in part-by a dearth of widely deployable, timely, and cost-effective genetic analysis tools. Fortunately, the last several decades have been characterized by tremendous progress with respect to the development of molecular point-of-care tests (POCTs). Advances in microfluidic technologies, accompanied by improvements and innovations in amplification methods, have opened new doors to health monitoring at the point-of-care. While many of these technologies were developed with rapid infectious disease diagnostics in mind, they are well-suited for deployment as genetic testing platforms for personalized medicine applications. In the coming years, we expect that these innovations in molecular POCT technology will play a critical role in enabling widespread adoption of personalized medicine methods. In this work, we review the current and emerging generations of point-of-care molecular testing platforms and assess their applicability toward accelerating the personalized medicine paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. de Olazarra
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S. X. Wang
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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Comparison between Whatman FTA Elute Cards and Conventional Swab for the Detection of Pathogenic Enteric Bacteria Using an RT-qPCR Assay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2021:9963047. [PMID: 34306273 PMCID: PMC8270717 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9963047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of outbreaks of foodborne illness is closely associated with food contamination caused by various enteric pathogens, such as Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The control of enteric pathogens poses a challenge due to the fact that these pathogens can persist for a long period of time in the environment. The rapid detection of pathogenic organisms plays a crucial role in the prevention and identification of crises related to health, safety, and well-being. Improper sample handling and processing may influence the diagnostic efficacy and accuracy. The aim of the present study was to compare the preservation capacity for enteric bacteria between Whatman Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) cards and swabs for reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) detection. It was found that Whatman FTA cards exhibited an improved preservation capacity for five types (both laboratory and environmental strains) of enteric bacteria, including Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, and Staphylococcus aureus for RT-qPCR detection. Hence, Whatman FTA cards may be a suitable tool for the routine isolation of foodborne bacteria for molecular diagnosis. Therefore, the use of Whatman FTA cards for sample collection and preservation may increase sensitivity and accuracy for bacteria isolation and diagnosis.
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Successful retrieval of human papillomavirus DNA after a 4.5 year storage on FTA elute cards. J Virol Methods 2021; 296:114218. [PMID: 34175346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Efficient primary (vaccination) and secondary (screening) prevention strategies have the potential to eliminate cervical cancer worldwide. In this context, surveillance of HPV infections remains mandatory to assess the efficacy and the impact of screening and vaccination policies. Therefore there is a need to safely store cervical samples to conduct long-term studies in vaccinated and non-vaccinated subjects. Up-dated data on cervical specimen preservation on FTA® cards indicate that HPV DNA can be safely retrieved after 54 months of storage. A concordance of 97 % was achieved between HPV genotypes detected in initial cervical samples and on FTA® cards 4.5 years later. Even if a drop in HPV viral loads was observed in some cases at 4.5 years, using FTA® cards for safe and long-term storage of cervical samples represents an interesting option.
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Pedrão PG, de Carvalho AC, Possati-Resende JC, de Paula Cury F, Campanella NC, de Oliveira CM, Tavares Guerreiro Fregnani JH. DNA Recovery Using Ethanol-Based Liquid Medium from FTA Card-Stored Samples for HPV Detection. Acta Cytol 2021; 65:264-271. [PMID: 33951624 DOI: 10.1159/000515913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alternative methods of dry storage and transportation may be a viable alternative to the use of liquid storage medium for cervical samples, especially for screening programs in places with few resources. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to verify the viability and efficacy of human papillomavirus DNA (HPV-DNA) detection in cervical cell samples collected and stored on a Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) card (Whatman Indicating FTA® Elute Micro Card) and subsequently recovered in ethanol-based liquid medium and to compare the results to those obtained using samples stored directly in ethanol-based liquid medium. STUDY DESIGN Thirty-four women submitted to ETZ (excision of the transformation zone of the cervix) were included in this study. Before ETZ, 2 samples of exfoliated cervical cells were collected from each woman by a doctor and stored in ethanol-based liquid medium and on an FTA card. DNA recovery from FTA samples was performed using ethanol-based liquid medium. Detection of HPV-DNA in the samples was performed using the Cobas® 4800 HPV Test Platform. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The HPV-DNA detection positivity rates were 70.6% for the samples collected directly in liquid medium and 64.7% for the samples stored on the FTA card, with high detection accuracy in the DNA samples recovered from the FTA card (area under the curve = 0.958; 95% confidence interval = 0.890-1.000). The concordance between the results obtained using the 2 storage media was 94.1% (Kappa = 0.866). These preliminary results suggest that collection of cervical material on an FTA card may be an alternative to storage in liquid medium since the liquid medium has some limitations. In addition, DNA recovery from the card using ethanol-based liquid medium streamlines the workflow in the laboratory and reduces the cost associated with reagents, thereby facilitating access to the HPV test in places with few resources and potentially improving cervical cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Grecca Pedrão
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Nathália C Campanella
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Mendes de Oliveira
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
- DASA Laboratories, São Paulo, Brazil
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Randomised study shows that repeated self-sampling and HPV test has more than two-fold higher detection rate of women with CIN2+ histology than Pap smear cytology. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:896-904. [PMID: 29438367 PMCID: PMC5886121 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.85.
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Dong L, Lin C, Li L, Wang M, Cui J, Feng R, Liu B, Wu Z, Lian J, Liao G, Chen W, Qiao Y. An evaluation of clinical performance of FTA cards for HPV 16/18 detection using cobas 4800 HPV Test compared to dry swab and liquid medium. J Clin Virol 2017; 94:67-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mboumba Bouassa RS, Prazuck T, Lethu T, Jenabian MA, Meye JF, Bélec L. Cervical cancer in sub-Saharan Africa: a preventable noncommunicable disease. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2017; 15:613-627. [PMID: 28440679 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2017.1322902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infections caused by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) are responsible for 7.7% of cancers in developing countries, mainly cervical cancer. This disease is steadily increasing in sub-Saharan Africa, with more than 75,000 new cases and 50,000 deaths yearly, further increased by HIV infection. Areas covered: The current status of cervical cancer associated with HPV in sub-Saharan Africa has been systematically revised. The main issues discussed here are related to the public health burden of cervical cancer in sub-Saharan Africa and predictions for the coming decades, including molecular epidemiology and determinants of HPV infection in Africa, and promising prevention measures currently being evaluated in Africa. Expert commentary: By the year 2030, cervical cancer will kill more than 443,000 women yearly worldwide, most of them in sub-Saharan Africa. The increase in the incidence of cervical cancer in Africa could counteract the progress made by African women in reducing maternal mortality and longevity. Nevertheless, cervical cancer is a potentially preventable noncommunicable disease, and intervention strategies to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health concern should be urgently implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph-Sydney Mboumba Bouassa
- a Laboratoire de virologie, hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou , Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris , France.,b Department of Immunology, INSERM U970 , Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité , Paris , France
| | - Thierry Prazuck
- c Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales , Centre Hospitalier Régional Orléans La Source , Orléans , France
| | - Thérèse Lethu
- d Department of health and well-being , Global Health Objectives , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Mohammad-Ali Jenabian
- e Departement des Sciences Biologiques et Centre de recherche BioMed , Universite du Quebec a Montreal (UQAM) , Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - Jean-François Meye
- f Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angondjé, Libreville et Faculté de Médecine de Libreville , Université des Sciences de la Santé , Libreville , Gabon
| | - Laurent Bélec
- a Laboratoire de virologie, hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou , Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris , France.,b Department of Immunology, INSERM U970 , Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité , Paris , France
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Peluso AL, Cozzolino I, Bottiglieri A, Lucchese L, Di Crescenzo RM, Langella M, Selleri C, Zeppa P. Immunoglobulin heavy and light chains and T-cell receptor beta and gamma chains PCR assessment on cytological samples. A study comparing FTA cards and cryopreserved lymph node fine-needle cytology. Cytopathology 2016; 28:203-215. [DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. L. Peluso
- Anatomia Patologica; University of Salerno; Salerno Italy
- DEA; University “G. Marconi” of Rome; Rome
| | - I. Cozzolino
- Department of Public Health; University of Naples ‘Federico II’; Naples Italy
| | - A. Bottiglieri
- Anatomia Patologica; University of Salerno; Salerno Italy
| | - L. Lucchese
- Anatomia Patologica; University of Salerno; Salerno Italy
| | - R. M. Di Crescenzo
- Department of Public Health; University of Naples ‘Federico II’; Naples Italy
| | - M. Langella
- UOC Haematology and Transplantation; AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona; Salerno Italy
| | - C. Selleri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Salerno; Salerno Italy
| | - P. Zeppa
- Anatomia Patologica; University of Salerno; Salerno Italy
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Haga SB. Challenges of development and implementation of point of care pharmacogenetic testing. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 16:949-60. [PMID: 27402403 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2016.1211934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Just as technology was the underlying driver of the sequencing of the human genome and subsequent generation of volumes of genome sequence data from healthy and affected individuals, animal, plant, and microbial species alike, so too will technology revolutionize diagnostic testing. One area of intense interest is the use of genetic data to inform decisions regarding drug selection and drug dosing, known as pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing, to improve likelihood of successful treatment outcomes with minimal risks. AREAS COVERED This commentary will provide an overview of implementation research of PGx testing, the benefits of point-of-care (POC) testing and overview of POC testing platforms, available PGx tests, and barriers and facilitators to the development and integration of POC-PGx testing into clinical settings. Sources include the published literature, and databases from the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services, Food and Drug Administration. Expert commentary: The utilization of POC PGx testing may enable more routine test use, but the development and implementation of such tests will face some barriers before personalized medicine is available to every patient. In particular, provider training, availability of clinical decision supports, and connectivity will be key areas to facilitate routine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne B Haga
- a Department of Medicine, Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine , Duke University School of Medicine , Durham , NC , USA
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Berggrund M, Ekman D, Gustavsson I, Sundfeldt K, Olovsson M, Enroth S, Gyllensten U. Protein Detection Using the Multiplexed Proximity Extension Assay (PEA) from Plasma and Vaginal Fluid Applied to the Indicating FTA Elute Micro Card™. J Circ Biomark 2016; 5:9. [PMID: 28936257 PMCID: PMC5548362 DOI: 10.5772/64000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The indicating FTA elute micro card™ has been developed to collect and stabilize the nucleic acid in biological samples and is widely used in human and veterinary medicine and other disciplines. This card is not recommended for protein analyses, since surface treatment may denature proteins. We studied the ability to analyse proteins in human plasma and vaginal fluid as applied to the indicating FTA elute micro card™ using the sensitive proximity extension assay (PEA). Among 92 proteins in the Proseek Multiplex Oncology Iv2 panel, 87 were above the limit of detection (LOD) in liquid plasma and 56 among 92 above LOD in plasma applied to FTA cards. Washing and protein elution protocols were compared to identify an optimal method. Liquid-based cytology samples showed a lower number of proteins above LOD than FTA cards with vaginal fluid samples applied. Our results demonstrate that samples applied to the indicating FTA elute micro card™ are amendable to protein analyses, given that a sensitive protein detection assay is used. The results imply that biological samples applied to FTA cards can be used for DNA, RNA and protein detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Berggrund
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ekman
- Olink Bioscience AB, Dag Hammarskjölds väg, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Inger Gustavsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Sundfeldt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matts Olovsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Enroth
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Gyllensten
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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