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Ledermann JP, Burns PL, Perinet LC, Powers AM, Byers NM. Improved Mosquito Housing and Saliva Collection Method Enhances Safety While Facilitating Longitudinal Assessment of Individual Mosquito Vector Competence for Arboviruses. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024; 24:55-63. [PMID: 37844065 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2022.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Assessing the potential for mosquitoes to transmit medically important arboviruses is essential for understanding their threat to human populations. Currently, vector competence studies are typically performed by collecting saliva using a glass capillary tube system which involves sacrificing the mosquito at the time of saliva collection allowing only a single data point. These techniques also require handling infected mosquitoes and glass capillaries, constituting a safety risk. Materials and Methods: To improve the efficiency and safety of assessing vector competence, a novel containment and saliva collection approach for individually housed mosquitoes was developed. The improved housing, allowing longitudinal tracking of individual mosquitoes, consists of a 12-well Corning polystyrene plate sealed with a three-dimensional printed lid that holds organdy netting firmly against the rims of the wells. Results: This method provides excellent mosquito survival for five species of mosquitoes, with at least 79% of each species tested surviving for more than 2 weeks, comparable to the carton survival rates of ≥76%. When the plate housing system was used to assess vector infection, replication of West Nile virus (WNV) in mosquito tissues was similar to traditional containment mosquito housing. Mosquito saliva was collected using either blotting paper pads or traditional glass capillaries to assay viral transmission. The blotting paper collection showed similar or better sensitivity than the capillary method; in addition, longitudinal saliva samples could be collected from individual mosquitoes housed in the 12-well plates. Conclusions: The improved housing and saliva collection technique described herein provides a safer and more informative method for determining vector competence in mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P Ledermann
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Paul L Burns
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Lara C Perinet
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Ann M Powers
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Nathaniel M Byers
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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2
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Zhang X, Zhang H, Gao Y, Hao Z, Liu J, Zhou G, Liu F, Li X, Tong C, Wang X. Forsythoside A regulates autophagy and apoptosis through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway and alleviates inflammatory damage in MAC-T cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110053. [PMID: 36965368 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Dairy cow mastitis is the most common disease encountered in dairy farming. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), among the major virulence-related factors produced by Escherichia coli, stimulate mammary gland inflammation and cause its damage, thereby affecting milk yield and quality. Forsythoside A (FTA) is among the main active components of forsythia. Recent pharmacological studies have demonstrated that FTA possesses anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, and other biological activities. This study investigated the effects of the FTA-activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway on LPS-induced autophagy, apoptosis, and inflammatory damage in bovine mammary epithelial (MAC-T) cells. Cell activity was measured using the Cell Counting Kit 8. Moreover, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses were used to detect expression levels of autophagic, apoptotic, and inflammatory factors, as well as those of oxidative stress-related genes and proteins. The annexin-FITC/PI assay and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect the apoptosis rate and LC3B expression, respectively. We found that FTA attenuated LPS-induced inhibition of MAC-T cell proliferation, reduced mRNA expression of related inflammatory factors, relieved oxidative stress, and exerted protective effects on MAC-T cells. Additionally, FTA activated autophagy, attenuated inhibition of autophagy flow, and inhibited apoptosis. Autophagy and apoptosis were mainly regulated through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway. The aforementioned FTA-induced effects were inhibited by the administration of Compound C (CC; an AMPK inhibitor). Taken together, these results indicate that FTA can alleviate LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in MAC-T cells, attenuate impairments in autophagy, and inhibit apoptosis. However, these effects were blocked by CC, which suggests that FTA inhibits LPS-induced autophagy, apoptosis, and inflammatory damage in MAC-T cells by activating the AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - HuaQiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China; Henan Academy of Sciences, Zheng Zhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - YingKui Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhongHua Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - JingJing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - GuangWei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Henan Academy of Sciences, Zheng Zhou 450000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China.
| | - XueBing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Karim MF, Rahutomo R, Manuaba IBK, Purwandari K, Mursitama TN, Pardamean B. Free trade as domestic, economic, and strategic issues: a big data analytics approach. J Big Data 2023; 10:44. [PMID: 37089901 PMCID: PMC10104431 DOI: 10.1186/s40537-023-00722-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This article examines the engagement of domestic actors in public conversation surrounding free trade negotiations with a focus on the framing of these negotiations as economic, strategic or domestic issues. To analyse this topic, this article utilises the use of Twitter as a barometer of public sentiment toward the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). We employ topic classification and sentiment analysis to understand how RCEP is discussed in 345,015 tweets. Our findings show that the overall sentiment score towards RCEP is neutral. However, we find that when RCEP is discussed as a strategic issue, the sentiment is slightly more negative than when discussed as a domestic or economic issue. This article further suggests that discussion of RCEP is driven by the fear of China's geopolitical ambitions, domestic protectionist agendas, and impact of RCEP on the domestic economy. This article contributes to the growing use of big data in understanding trade negotiations. Furthermore, it contributes to the study of free trade negotiation by examining how domestic political actors frame free trade negotiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moch Faisal Karim
- Department of International Relations, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Reza Rahutomo
- Information System Department, School of Information Systems, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, 11480 Indonesia
- Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, 11480 Indonesia
| | | | - Kartika Purwandari
- Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, 11480 Indonesia
- Computer Science Department, School of Computing and Creative Arts, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, 11480 Indonesia
| | | | - Bens Pardamean
- Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, 11480 Indonesia
- Computer Science Department, BINUS Graduate Program - Master of Computer Science Program, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, 11480 Indonesia
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4
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Liu S, Zhang X. Fault Diagnosis and Maintenance Countermeasures of Transverse Drainage Pipe in Subway Tunnel Based on Fault Tree Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:15471. [PMID: 36497546 PMCID: PMC9738231 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transverse drainage pipe, one of the main channels of groundwater behind the lining of subway tunnels, plays an important role in the safety and stability of the tunnel lining structure. For the problem of blocked transverse drainage pipe in a subway tunnel, a fault tree model of blocked transverse drainage pipe in Chongqing subway tunnel was constructed in this paper, the quantitative and qualitative analysis of fault tree was conducted, and countermeasures for maintenance of transverse drainage pipe were proposed. The study finds that, (1) the chemical type of groundwater was mainly CaHCO3; most of the groundwater is strongly alkaline with pH greater than 8; the groundwater temperature is 20 ± 3 °C; (2) the basic events of blocked transverse drainage pipe have 3 minimum cut sets, and the basic events concrete slurry enters the drainage pipe; groundwater temperature, groundwater pH value, and concentration of anions and cations in groundwater were the main fault factors of blocked transverse drainage pipe; (3) preventive maintenance of transverse drainage pipe during tunnel construction includes construction quality control of drainage pipe and application of anti-crystallized blocking drainage pipe; preventive maintenance of transverse drainage pipe during tunnel operation includes monitoring of groundwater ion concentration, pH, and temperature; and maintenance treatment of transverse drainage pipe during tunnel operation includes physical treatment techniques, such as ultrasonic resonance, and chemical treatment techniques, such as acid-base neutralization reaction. The results of the study have certain guiding significance for the design, construction, and operation of transverse drainage pipe in subway tunnels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Liu
- College of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mountain Bridge and Tunnel Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Xuefu Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mountain Bridge and Tunnel Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
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5
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Yang G, Wang J, Wang S, Zhu Y. Forsythiaside A Improves the Inhibitory Efficiency of Recombinant Protein Vaccines against Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169390. [PMID: 36012654 PMCID: PMC9409473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a critical animal pathogen that leads to cattle production losses associated with acute disease, immune dysregulation, reproductive failure, and respiratory disease. Due to the monotonous control technique and neglect of BVDV, increasing prevalence of BVDV has caused significant economic losses in the cattle industry worldwide. Therefore, novel anti-BVDV drugs are essential to prevent and control BVDV. Our previous studies have found that Forsythoside A (FTA) could inhibit the replication of BVDV via TRAF2-dependent CD28-4-1BB signaling in bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), but whether they can directly inhibit the BVDV remains unclear. Here, we further investigated the effects of FTA on BVDV and its underlying mechanisms of action. We found that FTA significantly inhibited the replication of BVDV in the MDBK cell directly. The results demonstrated that FTA could reduce the functional activation of Caspase-1 to inhibit the inflammatory response caused by BVDV infection and increase the expression of type I interferon (IFN-I) to clear the virus in vitro. The animal experiment was performed to evaluate the antiviral effect of FTA in vivo. Notably, after challenged with BVDV, mice with FTA + Erns-E2 protein displayed alleviated pathological damage and decreased the viral load in the spleen compared with mice inoculated with Erns-E2 protein. Furthermore, treatment with FTA enhanced body defense and delayed infection by the BVDV. Our results reveal that FTA suppresses BVDV replication both in vitro and in vivo and therefore shows promise as an anti-BVDV agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiufeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shenghua Wang
- OIE Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Reference Laboratory, China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing 102629, China
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yaohong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (Y.Z.)
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6
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Zhang YW, Geng Y, Zhang B, Yang S, Izikowitz DV, Yin H, Wu F, Yu H, Liu H, Zhou W. Examining industrial air pollution embodied in trade: implications of a hypothetical China-UK FTA. Environ Dev Sustain 2022; 25:1-27. [PMID: 35999859 PMCID: PMC9388994 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-022-02612-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Very few developed economies have a full free trade agreement (FTA) with China. This study employs one GTAP model and builds an extended environmental multi-region input-output model to investigate a hypothetical China-UK FTA, concerning embodied industrial emissions of SO2, PM2.5, NOX, and NH3. The economic sectors are also classified based on their embodied pollution intensity and trade advantage index under various FTA scenarios. Results show that the UK's GDP and welfare and China's welfare will increase, along with changes in their trade structures. Overall, this FTA brings about larger net impacts on embodied emissions of SO2 than on PM2.5, NOX and NH3, and both countries are net importers of the latter three pollutants. Key sectors such as non-metallic mineral products, chemical products, and agriculture are inclined to become less competitive and less polluting under the FTA. The inclusion of agri-food sectors exhibits slight counteracting effects in general. The findings are of policy importance as they provide insights into how best to target key sectors, seeking a balance between trade development and environmental protection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10668-022-02612-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuquan W. Zhang
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 3 Yinlian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - Yong Geng
- School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 China
- China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Policy Research Centre for Environment and Economy, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 1 Yuhuinan Road, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Shaohua Yang
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 3 Yinlian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - David V. Izikowitz
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 3 Yinlian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - Haitao Yin
- Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Haishan Yu
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 3 Yinlian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - Huiwen Liu
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 3 Yinlian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - Weiduo Zhou
- Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, Shanghai, China
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7
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Zhang H, Zhang M, Zhang C, Hou L. Formulating a GIS-based geometric design quality assessment model for Mountain highways. Accid Anal Prev 2021; 157:106172. [PMID: 33984757 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2021.106172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Highways play an important role in China's economic development, especially in mountainous regions. In reality, design of mountainous highways can be a challenging task due to complex geological and topographic conditions. From the safety perspective, it is also important that road geometric design defects and potential accident blind spots can be reasonably identified from the design. To this end, this study formulated an innovative Geographic Information System (GIS)-based geometric design quality assessment model for mountain highways. First, a fault tree analysis (FTA) was conducted to identify a series of highway design risk factors. Second, a decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) technique was employed to derive the factors' weight and sensitivity. Third, road driving suitability, traffic safety sensitivity, design risk factors, and effective distance were taken into account to formulate a design quality assessment model. Forth, two case studies based on a mountainous highway located in southwest China were conducted to validate this model. The case studies established that improving geometric design quality can significantly improve the road traffic safety of mountainous highways. It is also revealed that the existence of steep slopes, tunnels, and rapid horizontal and vertical alignment change can considerably compromise the geometric design quality (GDQ), therefore, configuring these parameters is worth of further investigation. Last but not least, this study provides essential knowledge to the regime of accident prevention, high-risk road section location and mapping, traffic safety management, and design of smart transport systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Special Area Highway Engineering of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, Shaanxi, China; Engineering Research Center of Highway Infrastructure Digitalization, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Transportation Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Special Area Highway Engineering of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, Shaanxi, China; Engineering Research Center of Highway Infrastructure Digitalization, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lei Hou
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Victoria, Australia.
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Prétet JL, Baraquin A, Soret C, Rousselot J, Averous G, Fender M, Mougin C, Baldauf JJ. Successful retrieval of human papillomavirus DNA after a 4.5 year storage on FTA elute cards. J Virol Methods 2021; 296:114218. [PMID: 34175346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Efficient primary (vaccination) and secondary (screening) prevention strategies have the potential to eliminate cervical cancer worldwide. In this context, surveillance of HPV infections remains mandatory to assess the efficacy and the impact of screening and vaccination policies. Therefore there is a need to safely store cervical samples to conduct long-term studies in vaccinated and non-vaccinated subjects. Up-dated data on cervical specimen preservation on FTA® cards indicate that HPV DNA can be safely retrieved after 54 months of storage. A concordance of 97 % was achieved between HPV genotypes detected in initial cervical samples and on FTA® cards 4.5 years later. Even if a drop in HPV viral loads was observed in some cases at 4.5 years, using FTA® cards for safe and long-term storage of cervical samples represents an interesting option.
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9
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Özdemir D. A practical, low-cost, short-term storage method for genomic DNA. Biotechniques 2021; 70:194-201. [PMID: 33749333 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2020-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the DNA preservation capability of cellulose paper towel and blotting paper as low-cost alternatives to commercial DNA preservation products. Chicken blood was applied as DNA source to each paper towel, blotting paper, FTA® cards and DNA/RNA Shield™. All samples were stored at room temperature for 130 days. DNA extraction from dried blood spots was performed after various time periods using Tris-EDTA and NaOH protocols. PCR activity and the mean amount of DNA isolated from paper towels were reliable. The results of this study demonstrated that cellulose-based blotting paper and especially paper towel had considerable DNA binding and preservation capacity for at least 130 days at room temperature without DNA degradation.
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10
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Rodriguez-Rodriguez M, Chikh-Ali M, Johnson SB, Gray SM, Malseed N, Crump N, Karasev AV. The Recombinant Potato virus Y (PVY) Strain, PVY NTN, Identified in Potato Fields in Victoria, Southeastern Australia. Plant Dis 2020; 104:3110-3114. [PMID: 33058718 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-20-0961-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Potato virus Y (PVY) is one of the main viruses affecting potato in Australia. However, molecular characterization of PVY isolates circulating in potato in different states of Australia has not yet been thoroughly conducted. Only nonrecombinant isolates of three biological PVY strains collected from potato were reported previously from Western Australia and one from Queensland. Here, PVY isolates collected from seed potato originating in Victoria, Australia, and printed on FTA cards, were subjected to strain typing by RT-PCR, with three isolates subjected to whole genome sequencing. All the 59 PVY isolates detected during two growing seasons were identified to be recombinants based on two RT-PCR assays. No nonrecombinant PVY isolates were identified. All the RT-PCR typed isolates belonged to the PVYNTN strain. Sequence analysis of the whole genomes of three isolates suggested a single introduction of the PVYNTN strain to Australia but provided no clues as to where this introduction originated. Given the association of the PVYNTN strain with potato tuber damage, growers in Australia should implement appropriate strategies to manage PVYNTN in potato.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamad Chikh-Ali
- University of Idaho, Department of EPPN, Moscow, ID 83844-2329, U.S.A
| | - Steven B Johnson
- University of Maine Cooperative Extension, Orono, ME 04469, U.S.A
| | - Stewart M Gray
- USDA-ARS and Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
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Okamoto H, Ota S, Kawamorita R, Sakamoto M, Nakamura S, Nishioka S, Kabuki S, Masai N, Mizuno N, Furuya T, Yamamoto T, Iijima K, Ito Y, Katsuta S, Kurooka M, Kawamura S, Tachibana H, Toyama N, Nakamura M, Minemura T, Nakayama Y. [Summary of the Report of Task Group 100 of the AAPM: Application of Risk Analysis Methods to Radiation Therapy Quality Management]. Igaku Butsuri 2020; 40:28-34. [PMID: 32238680 DOI: 10.11323/jjmp.40.1_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In 2016, the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) has published a report of task group (TG) 100 with a completely new concept, entitled "application of risk analysis methods to radiation therapy quality management." TG-100 proposed implementation of risk analysis in radiotherapy to prevent harmful radiotherapy accidents. In addition, it enables us to conduct efficient and effective quality management in not only advanced radiotherapy such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy and image-guided radiotherapy but also new technology in radiotherapy. It should be noted that treatment process in modern radiotherapy is absolutely more complex and it needs skillful staff and adequate resources. TG-100 methodology could identify weakness in radiotherapy procedure through assessment of failure modes that could occur in overall treatment processes. All staff in radiotherapy have to explore quality management in radiotherapy safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seiichi Ota
- Division of Radiological Technology, Department of Medical Technology, University Hospital, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Shie Nishioka
- Department of medical physics, National Cancer Center Hospital
| | - Shigeto Kabuki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | | | - Norifumi Mizuno
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Luke's International Hospital
| | - Tomohisa Furuya
- Department of Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital
| | | | - Kotaro Iijima
- Department of medical physics, National Cancer Center Hospital
| | - Yoshinori Ito
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Syouichi Katsuta
- Department of Radiological Technology, National Cancer Center Hospital
| | - Masahiko Kurooka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital
| | - Shinji Kawamura
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Teikyo University
| | - Hidenobu Tachibana
- Radiation Safety and Quality Assurance division, National Cancer Center Hospital East
| | - Naoki Toyama
- Division of Medical Physics, Tokyo Bay Advanced Imaging & Radiation Oncology Makuhari Clinic
| | | | - Toshiyuki Minemura
- Division of Medical Support and Partnership, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services National Cancer Center
| | - Yuko Nakayama
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital
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Green H, Tillmar A, Pettersson G, Montelius K. The use of FTA cards to acquire DNA profiles from postmortem cases. Int J Legal Med 2019; 133:1651-1657. [PMID: 30747256 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-019-02015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Filter papers have been used for many years in different applications of molecular biology and have been proven to be a stable way to store DNA waiting to be analyzed. Sampling of DNA on FTA (Flinders Technology Associates) cards is convenient and cost effective compared to alternative approaches involving DNA extractions and storage of DNA extracts. FTA cards are analyzed at many forensic laboratories, and the way to perform direct genetic profiling on buccal swab cards has developed into an almost industrial process. The possibility to include postmortem (PM) samples into an FTA-based workflow would facilitate and speed up the genetic identification process compared to conventional methods, both on a regular basis and in a mass casualty event. In this study, we investigated if FTA cards may be used to carry tissue DNA from deceased and present a high-quality DNA profile from the individual in order to be useful for the identification process. The study also aimed to investigate if a specific body tissue would be preferable, and if decomposed tissue is suitable at all to put on an FTA card in order to obtain a DNA profile. We have compared the quality of the DNA profiles acquired from postmortem tissue on FTA cards, with the results acquired with conventional methods from reference bone/muscle samples from the same individual. Several types of tissues have been tested from different identification cases and scenarios. We concluded that tissue cells from inner organs are suitable to put on FTA cards, and that the obtained DNA profiles have the potential to serve as PM data for identification purposes. In cases including compromised samples, however, it is recommended to keep the tissue sample as a backup if further DNA has to be extracted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Green
- Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Artillerigatan 12, 587 58, Linköping, Sweden.,Division of Drug Research, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Andreas Tillmar
- Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Artillerigatan 12, 587 58, Linköping, Sweden.,Division of Cell Biology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gisela Pettersson
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Division of Forensic Medicine Umeå, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Analysvägen, 901 85, UMEÅ, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Montelius
- Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Artillerigatan 12, 587 58, Linköping, Sweden.
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Tesfazghi MT, Anderson NW, Gronowski AM, Yarbrough ML. Clinical Performance of the BioPlex 2200 Syphilis Total & RPR Assay at a Tertiary Medical Center with a High Rate of Syphilis. J Clin Microbiol 2019; 57:e01487-18. [PMID: 30429251 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01487-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Manual treponemal and nontreponemal serologic testing has historically been used for the diagnosis of syphilis. This approach is simple and reproducible but labor intensive. Recently, the FDA cleared the fully automated BioPlex 2200 Syphilis Total & RPR assay for the detection of treponemal and nontreponemal antibodies. We evaluated the clinical performance of this assay at a tertiary medical center with a high syphilis prevalence. Prospective consecutively collected (n = 400) and known RPR-positive (n = 100) specimens were compared using predicate manual rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA) methods and the BioPlex 2200 Syphilis Total & RPR assay. Positive and negative percent agreements (PPA and NPA, respectively) between the assays were calculated. The PPA and NPA between the manual and BioPlex 2200 RPR results for the prospective population were 85% (17/20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 69% to 100%) and 98% (373/380; 95% CI, 97% to 99%), respectively. The PPA for the manual RPR-positive population was 88% (88/100; 95% CI, 82% to 94%). Overall, the manual and BioPlex 2200 RPR titers demonstrated 78% (99/127) concordance within ±1 dilution and 94% (120/127) within ±2 dilutions. An interpretation of the syphilis serologic profile using the traditional algorithm showed a concordance of 99.5% in the prospective population and 85% in the manual RPR-positive cohort. The performance of the BioPlex 2200 Syphilis Total & RPR assay is comparable to those of manual methods. The high NPA of this assay combined with the ability to automate a historically labor-intensive assay is an appealing attribute for syphilis screening in a high-volume laboratory.
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Holst SC, Werth E, Landolt HP. [Pharmacotherapy of Sleep-Wake Disorders]. Praxis (Bern 1994) 2019; 108:131-138. [PMID: 30722734 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a003189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacotherapy of Sleep-Wake Disorders Abstract. Sleep is a complex behavior, coordinated by many different brain regions and neurotransmitters. These neurochemical systems can be pharmacologically influenced to modulate wakefulness and sleep. Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is often treated with dopaminergic drugs, which in mild cases range from caffeine via (ar)modafinil to amphetamine derivatives. Tricyclic antidepressants and melatonin-based drugs are also used to promote alertness, but to a lesser extent. The drugs used to promote sleep include GABA-ergic drugs such as benzodiazepines and Z-hypnotics as well as histamine H1 receptor antagonists. Exogenous melatonin or a pharmacological combination of melatonin receptor agonists and 5-HT2C receptor antagonists are also used in mild cases. Selective and dual orexin (hypocretin) receptor antagonists (DORA) as well as drugs binding to specific 5-HT receptors are currently being investigated as future sleep-promoting drugs. However, pharmacological treatment is not always the primary treatment option, insomnia is treated first-line with cognitive behavioral therapy, and continuous positive airway pressure is used to treat sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian C Holst
- 1 Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Department of Neurology and Neurobiology Research Unit, Kopenhagen, Dänemark
- 2 Sleep and Health Zürich (SHZ), Universität Zürich
| | - Esther Werth
- 2 Sleep and Health Zürich (SHZ), Universität Zürich
- 3 Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsspital Zürich
| | - Hans-Peter Landolt
- 2 Sleep and Health Zürich (SHZ), Universität Zürich
- 4 Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Zürich
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15
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Jiang W, Han W. Analysis of "2·28" KEEPER Chemical Industries Hazardous Chemical Explosion Accident Based on FTA and HFACS. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:E2151. [PMID: 30274360 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
On 28 February 2012, a guanidine nitrate explosion occurred at HEBEI KEEPER Chemical Industries Co., Ltd., China, resulting in 25 deaths, with 4 missing individuals and 46 injured. In order to explore the causal relationship hidden behind this accident, fault tree analysis (FTA) and the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) were used to systematically analyze the incident. Firstly, FTA was used to analyze the causes of the accident in depth, until all the basic causal events causing the guanidine nitrate explosion were identified, and a fault tree diagram of the guanidine nitrate explosion was drawn. Secondly, for the unsafe acts in the basic causal events, the HFACS model was used to analyze the three levels of factors that lead to unsafe acts, including the preconditions for unsafe acts, unsafe supervision, and organizational influences. Finally, based on the analysis results of FTA and HFACS, a complete logic diagram of the causes of the accident was obtained. The FTA and HFACS accident analysis methods allowed for the identification of human factors and the accident evolution process in the explosion accident and provide a reference for accident investigation.
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Sarangi LN, Naveena T, Rana SK, Surendra KSNL, Reddy RVC, Bajibabu P, Ponnanna NM, Sharma GK, Srinivasan VA. Evaluation of a specialized filter-paper matrix for transportation of extended bovine semen to screen for bovine herpesvirus-1 by real-time PCR. J Virol Methods 2018; 257:1-6. [PMID: 29588253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Retrieval of BoHV-1 DNA from extended semen spotted paper matrix was optimized. The method was repeatable in inter-assay and intra-assay precision testing. Viral DNA was stable in the matrix for at least 28 days when stored at 4°–37 °C. The analytical sensitivity was equivalent to the OIE approved Chelex based method. The dsn and dsp was 83% and 93% respectively in comparison to Chelex based method.
The extended frozen semen (EFS) batches produced from infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) sero-positive cattle and buffalo bulls housed in various semen stations in India are transported to the testing laboratory in liquid nitrogen (LN2) for screening bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1). This procedure is laborious and poses LN2 related hazards. An alternative logistics for transportation of samples was investigated. Use of Flinders Technology Associates (FTA®) elute card was evaluated for transportation of extended bovine semen to screen BoHV-1 DNA by real-time PCR targeting gB gene and the method was compared with the OIE approved Chelex resin based method. A protocol for extraction of BoHV-1 DNA from FTA® card spotted with extended semen was optimized. The viral DNA was found to be stable on FTA® card for at least 28 days when the cards are stored at 4°–37 °C. The analytical sensitivity for the assay was determined using variable dilutions of BoHV-1 spiked semen and positive plasmid harbouring gB gene (97bp) spotted onto FTA® card and it was found to be 100.8 TCID50/ml or 100 copies respectively in real-time PCR. The test could detect as low as 100.008 TCID50/ml or 1 copy of positive plasmid when more number of replicates (n = 6) of the same sample were tested. This sensitivity was found to be comparable to Chelex method and both the methods demonstrated a very strong correlation (r = 0.9774; 95% CI: 0.9620–0.9860) in terms of Ct value (p < 0.0001). The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the FTA method in comparison to the Chelex method was 83.08% (95% CI: 71.73%–91.24%) and 93.23% (95% CI: 89.38%–96.01%) respectively when 316 samples were screened by both the methods. The degree of agreement between these two tests was good (Kappa value: 0.738; 95% CI: 0.646–0.829). The method was found to be robust and highly repeatable in inter-assay and intra-assay precision testing. The result suggests that the FTA® card holds promise as an alternative system for transportation of EFS for downstream screening of BoHV-1 DNA.
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Inchara UB, Sathish RP, Shankar KM, Abhiman PB, Prakash P. Evaluation of the Sensitivity of the Flow Through Assay for detection of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) using a cocktail of monoclonal antibodies. J Immunol Methods 2018; 456:54-60. [PMID: 29486144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A panel of four monoclonal antibodies (C-05, C-14, C-38 and C-56) specific to VP28 of White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) were evaluated individually and in cocktail to increase sensitivity of the Flow Through Assay (FTA) for detection of the virus. Recombinant VP28 and semi purified WSSV was used as antigen for evaluation. Out of the total 11 cocktails and four individual of MAbs, 2 MAb cocktails C-05 + C-56 and C-14 + C-56 exhibited highest sensitivity in the FTA. The two MAb cocktail were 100 times more sensitive than 1-step PCR and nearly equivalent to 2-step PCR for the detection of WSSV. The detection limit of WSSV by MAb cocktail increased by two fold compared to the single MAb C-05 currently being used in (FTA).
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Affiliation(s)
- U B Inchara
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture College of Fisheries Mangalore
| | - R P Sathish
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture College of Fisheries Mangalore
| | - K M Shankar
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture College of Fisheries Mangalore,.
| | - P B Abhiman
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture College of Fisheries Mangalore
| | - P Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University. 20, Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
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18
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Abstract
The introduction of substance patents in 1987 was viewed with apprehension as it was believed that the system would only reinforce the domination of the technology of advanced countries based on the trade agreement between Korea and the USA. However, substance patents provided the Korean pharmaceutical industry with the driving force required to develop new substances, and the Korean pharmaceutical industry has been constantly improving its research and development capability. The patent-approval linkage system was implemented according to the Korea-US Free Trade Agreement in 2015. The system comprises the following: registering the drugs in the Green List, notifying the listed patent and marketing approval holders about the application for generic marketing approval, patent holder's request for staying generic sales and first generic exclusivity. Korean generic companies are expected to have opportunities that enable them to challenge the global market by accumulating experience of designing of generic products, making patent challenges and strategically developing of new drugs or incrementally modified drugs through the linkage system.
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Nzelu CO, Cáceres AG, Guerrero-Quincho S, Tineo-Villafuerte E, Rodriquez-Delfin L, Mimori T, Uezato H, Katakura K, Gomez EA, Guevara AG, Hashiguchi Y, Kato H. A rapid molecular diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis by colorimetric malachite green-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) combined with an FTA card as a direct sampling tool. Acta Trop 2016; 153:116-9. [PMID: 26516109 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis remains one of the world's most neglected diseases, and early detection of the infectious agent, especially in developing countries, will require a simple and rapid test. In this study, we established a quick, one-step, single-tube, highly sensitive loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid detection of Leishmania DNA from tissue materials spotted on an FTA card. An FTA-LAMP with pre-added malachite green was performed at 64°C for 60min using a heating block and/or water bath and DNA amplification was detected immediately after incubation. The LAMP assay had high detection sensitivity down to a level of 0.01 parasites per μl. The field- and clinic-applicability of the colorimetric FTA-LAMP assay was demonstrated with 122 clinical samples collected from patients suspected of having cutaneous leishmaniasis in Peru, from which 71 positives were detected. The LAMP assay in combination with an FTA card described here is rapid and sensitive, as well as simple to perform, and has great potential usefulness for diagnosis and surveillance of leishmaniasis in endemic areas.
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Al-Kzayer LFY, Sakashita K, Al-Jadiry MF, Al-Hadad SA, Ghali HH, Uyen LTN, Liu T, Matsuda K, Abdulkadhim JMH, Al-Shujairi TA, Matti ZIIK, Sughayer MA, Rihani R, Madanat FF, Inoshita T, Kamata M, Koike K. Analysis of KRAS and NRAS Gene Mutations in Arab Asian Children With Acute Leukemia: High Frequency of RAS Mutations in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015. [PMID: 26222068 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND KRAS and NRAS gene mutations are frequently observed in childhood leukemia. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of RAS mutations and the association between RAS mutations and other genetic aberrations in Arab Asian children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). METHODS Diagnostic samples of 485 patients (<18 years) with acute leukemia from Iraq and Jordan were obtained, using Flinders Technology Associates filter papers. Polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing were performed in Japan. RESULTS RAS mutations were detected in 86/318 (27%) of ALL cases and 35/167 (21%) of AML cases. The frequency of NRAS mutation was similar to that of KRAS mutation in ALL. Two RAS mutations were detected in nine patients. Among 264 Iraqi patients with ALL, RAS mutation was significantly associated with lower initial white blood cell count. Of 57 patients with chimeric transcripts, only two patients with either TEL-AML1 or E2A-PBX1 had KRAS mutation. The frequency of NRAS mutation was four times higher than that of KRAS mutation in AML. FAB-M4 and M5 subsets were associated with RAS mutation. Among 134 Iraqi patients with AML, 18 patients had RAS mutations and other genetic aberrations. In particular, 9 of 25 (36%) with MLL-rearrangement had RAS mutations. CONCLUSION The prevalence of oncogenic RAS mutations was higher among Arab Asian children than in other countries. RAS mutations in AML were found to coexist with other genetic aberrations, particularly MLL rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazuo Sakashita
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Mazin Faisal Al-Jadiry
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Baghdad University, Baghdad Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Children's Welfare Teaching Hospital, Baghdad Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Salma Abbas Al-Hadad
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Baghdad University, Baghdad Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Children's Welfare Teaching Hospital, Baghdad Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hasanein Habeeb Ghali
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Baghdad University, Baghdad Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Children's Welfare Teaching Hospital, Baghdad Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Le T N Uyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Matsuda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | | | | | - Zead Ismael I K Matti
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Central Teaching Hospital for Children, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Maher A Sughayer
- Department of Pathology, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rawad Rihani
- Department of Pediatrics, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Faris F Madanat
- Department of Pediatrics, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Minoru Kamata
- Japan Chernobyl Foundation, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kenichi Koike
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
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Al-Kzayer LFY, Sakashita K, Al-Jadiry MF, Al-Hadad SA, Uyen LTN, Liu T, Matsuda K, Abdulkadhim JMH, Al-Shujairi TA, Matti ZIIK, Hasan JG, Al-Abdullah HMS, Inoshita T, Kamata M, Sughayer MA, Madanat FF, Koike K. Frequent coexistence of RAS mutations in RUNX1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia in Arab Asian children. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:1980-5. [PMID: 25066867 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RUNX1 mutation plays an important role in adult leukemic transformation. However, its contribution to the development of childhood leukemia remains unclear. In the present study, we analyzed point mutations of RUNX1 gene in children and adolescents with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) from Iraq and Jordan. PROCEDURE Bone marrow and/or peripheral blood samples were collected from 178 patients of Arab Asian ethnicity (aged ≤17 years) newly diagnosed with AML: 145 samples from Iraq and 33 samples from Jordan. Direct DNA sequencing was performed on six genes including RUNX1 gene (exons 3-8). RESULTS RUNX1 point mutations were identified in 10 (5.6%) of 178 patients. One patient possessed biallelic mutations of RUNX1 gene. C-terminal area was the predominant site of RUNX1 mutations (eight in C-terminal and two in N-terminal). Patients with RUNX1 mutations were significantly older than those with wild-type of the gene. Additionally, AML M0 subtype was more frequently found in patients with RUNX1 mutations. Both RUNX1 mutations and RAS mutations were identified in 4 of 10 children. Three patients with RUNX1 mutation had FLT3-ITD. On the other hand, 36 (21.4%) and 25 (14.9%) of 168 patients with wild-type of the gene had a RAS mutation and FLT3-ITD, respectively. Eight of 10 patients with RUNX1 mutations died of hematological relapse. CONCLUSION The incidence of RUNX1 mutations in Arab Asian children and adolescents with AML was 5.6%. Further studies are required to clarify whether RAS mutations contribute to the development of pediatric AML associated with RUNX1 mutations.
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Lee SB, Crouse CA, Kline MC. Optimizing Storage and Handling of DNA Extracts. Forensic Sci Rev 2010; 22:131-144. [PMID: 26242592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid sample storage is of paramount importance in forensic science as well as in epidemiological, clinical, and genetic laboratories. Millions of biological samples, including cells, viruses, and DNA/RNA, are stored every year for diagnostics, research, and forensic science. PCR has permitted the analysis of minute sample quantities. Samples such as bone, teeth, touch samples, and some sexual assault evidence may yield only low-quality and low-quantity DNA/RNA. Efficient storage of the extracted DNA/RNA is needed to ensure the stability of the sample over time for retesting of the CODIS STRs, mtDNA, YSTRs, mRNA, and other future marker-typing systems. Amplification of some or all of these markers may fail because the biological material has been highly degraded, contains inhibitors, is too low in quantity, or is contaminated with contemporary DNA. Reduction in recovery has been observed with refrigerated liquid DNA extracts and also those exposed to multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Therefore, the development of optimal storage and amplification methods is critical for successful recovery of profiles from these types of samples since, in many cases, retesting is necessary. This review is divided into three sections. The Introduction and Background covers forensic DNA storage, factors that influence DNA stability, and a brief review of molecular strategies to type non-optimal DNA. Section I covers the importance of DNA extract storage in forensic and non-forensic DNA databanks and the mechanisms responsible for loss during storage. Finally, Section II covers strategies and technologies being utilized to store DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Lee
- Forensic Science Program, Justice Studies Department, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - C A Crouse
- Forensic Biology Unit, Palm Beach County Sheriff's Office Crime Laboratory, West Palm Beach, FL, USA
| | - M C Kline
- Human Identification Project Team, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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