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Kato S, Tamura K, Masuda Y, Konishi M, Yamanaka K, Oikawa T. A novel type IIb L-asparaginase from Latilactobacillus sakei LK-145: characterization and application. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:266. [PMID: 38761213 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03979-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
We succeeded in homogeneously expressing and purifying L-asparaginase from Latilactobacillus sakei LK-145 (Ls-Asn1) and its mutated enzymes C196S, C264S, C290S, C196S/C264S, C196S/C290S, C264S/C290S, and C196S/C264S/C290S-Ls-Asn1. Enzymological studies using purified enzymes revealed that all cysteine residues of Ls-Asn1 were found to affect the catalytic activity of Ls-Asn1 to varying degrees. The mutation of Cys196 did not affect the specific activity, but the mutation of Cys264, even a single mutation, significantly decreased the specific activity. Furthermore, C264S/C290S- and C196S/C264S/C290S-Ls-Asn1 almost completely lost their activity, suggesting that C290 cooperates with C264 to influence the catalytic activity of Ls-Asn1. The detailed enzymatic properties of three single-mutated enzymes (C196S, C264S, and C290S-Ls-Asn1) were investigated for comparison with Ls-Asn1. We found that only C196S-Ls-Asn1 has almost the same enzymatic properties as that of Ls-Asn1 except for its increased stability for thermal, pH, and the metals NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, and FeCl2. We measured the growth inhibitory effect of Ls-Asn1 and C196S-Ls-Asn1 on Jurkat cells, a human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, using L-asparaginase from Escherichia coli K-12 as a reference. Only C196S-Ls-Asn1 effectively and selectively inhibited the growth of Jurkat T-cell leukemia, which suggested that it exhibited antileukemic activity. Furthermore, based on alignment, phylogenetic tree analysis, and structural modeling, we also proposed that Ls-Asn1 is a so-called "Type IIb" novel type of asparaginase that is distinct from previously reported type I or type II asparaginases. Based on the above results, Ls-Asn1 is expected to be useful as a new leukemia therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Kato
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan
| | - Kazuya Tamura
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka-fu, 564-8680, Japan
| | - Yuki Masuda
- Department of Microbiological Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-9-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Hyougo, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Morichika Konishi
- Department of Microbiological Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-9-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Hyougo, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamanaka
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka-fu, 564-8680, Japan
| | - Tadao Oikawa
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka-fu, 564-8680, Japan.
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2
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Wallace RP, Refvik KC, Antane JT, Brünggel K, Tremain AC, Raczy MR, Alpar AT, Nguyen M, Solanki A, Slezak AJ, Watkins EA, Lauterbach AL, Cao S, Wilson DS, Hubbell JA. Synthetically mannosylated antigens induce antigen-specific humoral tolerance and reduce anti-drug antibody responses to immunogenic biologics. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101345. [PMID: 38128533 PMCID: PMC10829756 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Immunogenic biologics trigger an anti-drug antibody (ADA) response in patients that reduces efficacy and increases adverse reactions. Our laboratory has shown that targeting protein antigen to the liver microenvironment can reduce antigen-specific T cell responses; herein, we present a strategy to increase delivery of otherwise immunogenic biologics to the liver via conjugation to a synthetic mannose polymer, p(Man). This delivery leads to reduced antigen-specific T follicular helper cell and B cell responses resulting in diminished ADA production, which is maintained throughout subsequent administrations of the native biologic. We find that p(Man)-antigen treatment impairs the ADA response against recombinant uricase, a highly immunogenic biologic, without a dependence on hapten immunodominance or control by T regulatory cells. We identify increased T cell receptor signaling and increased apoptosis and exhaustion in T cells as effects of p(Man)-antigen treatment via transcriptomic analyses. This modular platform may enhance tolerance to biologics, enabling long-term solutions for an ever-increasing healthcare problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel P Wallace
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kirsten C Refvik
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jennifer T Antane
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kym Brünggel
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Andrew C Tremain
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michal R Raczy
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Aaron T Alpar
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mindy Nguyen
- Animal Resources Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ani Solanki
- Animal Resources Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Anna J Slezak
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Elyse A Watkins
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Abigail L Lauterbach
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shijie Cao
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - D Scott Wilson
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Biomedical Engineering Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA.
| | - Jeffrey A Hubbell
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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3
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Dastmalchi M, Alizadeh M, Jamshidi-Kandjan O, Rezazadeh H, Hamzeh-Mivehroud M, Farajollahi MM, Dastmalchi S. Expression and Biological Evaluation of an Engineered Recombinant L-asparaginase Designed by In Silico Method Based on Sequence of the Enzyme from Escherichia coli. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:827-836. [PMID: 38022803 PMCID: PMC10676546 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Medical usage of L-asparaginase (ASNase), the first-line of acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment, is linked to allergic responses and toxicities, which necessitates the development of new bio-better ASNases. The aim of the current study was in silico design of a novel ASNase with predicted improved enzymatic properties using strategies encompassing sequence-function analysis of known ASNase mutants. Additionally, current study aimed to show that the new enzyme is active. Methods Based on 21 experimentally reported mutations for ASNase, a virtual library of mutated enzymes with all 7546 possible combinations of up to 4 mutations was generated. Three-dimensional models of proposed mutant enzymes were built and their in silico stabilities were calculated. The most promising mutant was selected for preparing a genetic construct suitable for expression of the designed ASNase in bacterial cells. Results Computational study predicted that Y176F/S241C double mutation of Escherichia coli ASNase may increase its folding stability. The designed ASNase was expressed in two different E. coli strains (Origami B(DE3) and BL21(DE3)pLysS) and then the soluble fractions prepared from the cell lysates of the host cells were used in enzyme activity assay. Results showed that enzyme activity of soluble fraction from Origami (95.4 ± 7.5 IU/0.1 mL) was four times higher than that of soluble fraction from pLysS (25.8 ± 2.5 IU/0.1 mL). Conclusion A novel functional double mutant ASNase with predicted improved enzymatic properties was designed and produced in E. coli. The results of the current study suggest a great commercial potential for the identified enzyme in pharmaceutical and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahrokh Dastmalchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Alizadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Omid Jamshidi-Kandjan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Rezazadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hamzeh-Mivehroud
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad M Farajollahi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, POBOX:99138, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
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4
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Miranda J, Lefin N, Beltran JF, Belén LH, Tsipa A, Farias JG, Zamorano M. Enzyme Engineering Strategies for the Bioenhancement of L-Asparaginase Used as a Biopharmaceutical. BioDrugs 2023; 37:793-811. [PMID: 37698749 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-023-00622-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, there has been a surge in the industrial production of recombinant enzymes from microorganisms due to their catalytic characteristics being highly efficient, selective, and biocompatible. L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) is an enzyme belonging to the class of amidohydrolases that catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-asparagine into L-aspartic acid and ammonia. It has been widely investigated as a biologic agent for its antineoplastic properties in treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The demand for L-ASNase is mainly met by the production of recombinant type II L-ASNase from Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi. However, the presence of immunogenic proteins in L-ASNase sourced from prokaryotes has been known to result in adverse reactions in patients undergoing treatment. As a result, efforts are being made to explore strategies that can help mitigate the immunogenicity of the drug. This review gives an overview of recent biotechnological breakthroughs in enzyme engineering techniques and technologies used to improve anti-leukemic L-ASNase, taking into account the pharmacological importance of L-ASNase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Miranda
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1145, 4811230, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile
| | - Nicolás Lefin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1145, 4811230, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile
| | - Jorge F Beltran
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1145, 4811230, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile
| | - Lisandra Herrera Belén
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Argyro Tsipa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jorge G Farias
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1145, 4811230, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile
| | - Mauricio Zamorano
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1145, 4811230, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile.
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5
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Wallace RP, Refvik KC, Antane JT, Brünggel K, Tremain AC, Raczy MR, Alpar AT, Nguyen M, Solanki A, Slezak AJ, Watkins EA, Lauterbach AL, Cao S, Wilson DS, Hubbell JA. Synthetically mannosylated antigens induce antigen-specific humoral tolerance and reduce anti-drug antibody responses to immunogenic biologics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.07.534593. [PMID: 37066302 PMCID: PMC10104138 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.07.534593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Immunogenic biologics trigger an anti-drug antibody (ADA) response in patients, which reduces efficacy and increases adverse reactions. Our laboratory has previously shown that targeting protein antigen to the liver microenvironment can reduce antigen-specific T cell responses; herein, we present a strategy to increase delivery of otherwise immunogenic biologics to the liver via conjugation to a synthetic mannose polymer (p(Man)). This delivery leads to reduced antigen-specific T follicular helper cell and B cell responses resulting in diminished ADA production, which is maintained throughout subsequent administrations of the native biologic. We found that p(Man)-antigen treatment impairs the ADA response against recombinant uricase, a highly immunogenic biologic, without a dependence on hapten immunodominance or control by Tregs. We identify increased TCR signaling and increased apoptosis and exhaustion in T cells as effects of p(Man)-antigen treatment via transcriptomic analyses. This modular platform may enhance tolerance to biologics, enabling long-term solutions for an ever-increasing healthcare problem.
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6
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Pedroso A, Herrera Belén L, Beltrán JF, Castillo RL, Pessoa A, Pedroso E, Farías JG. In Silico Design of a Chimeric Humanized L-asparaginase. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087550. [PMID: 37108713 PMCID: PMC10144303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer among children worldwide, characterized by an overproduction of undifferentiated lymphoblasts in the bone marrow. The treatment of choice for this disease is the enzyme L-asparaginase (ASNase) from bacterial sources. ASNase hydrolyzes circulating L-asparagine in plasma, leading to starvation of leukemic cells. The ASNase formulations of E. coli and E. chrysanthemi present notorious adverse effects, especially the immunogenicity they generate, which undermine both their effectiveness as drugs and patient safety. In this study, we developed a humanized chimeric enzyme from E. coli L-asparaginase which would reduce the immunological problems associated with current L-asparaginase therapy. For these, the immunogenic epitopes of E. coli L-asparaginase (PDB: 3ECA) were determined and replaced with those of the less immunogenic Homo sapiens asparaginase (PDB:4O0H). The structures were modeled using the Pymol software and the chimeric enzyme was modeled using the SWISS-MODEL service. A humanized chimeric enzyme with four subunits similar to the template structure was obtained, and the presence of asparaginase enzymatic activity was predicted by protein-ligand docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Pedroso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Lisandra Herrera Belén
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Avenida Carlos Schorr 255, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Jorge F Beltrán
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Rodrigo L Castillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, East Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 7500922, Chile
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Enrique Pedroso
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences Matanzas, Matanzas 42300, Cuba
| | - Jorge G Farías
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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7
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Lee SHR, Li Z, Lim EHZ, Chin WHN, Jiang N, Chiew KH, Chen Z, Oh BLZ, Tan AM, Ariffin H, Yang JJ, Yeoh AEJ. Associations of T-Cell Receptor Repertoire Diversity with L-Asparaginase Allergy in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061829. [PMID: 36980715 PMCID: PMC10047007 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Asparaginase is a critical component of therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but it is commonly associated with allergy, which results in morbidity and poorer outcomes. The underlying basis of this allergy is undoubtedly immune-mediated, but the exact components of T-cell immunity have yet to be characterized. We performed longitudinal TCR sequencing of 180 bone marrow samples from 67 children with B-ALL treated as part of the Ma-Spore-ALL-2010 trial, and we evaluated the associations of TCR profile with asparaginase hypersensitivity, with functional validation of asparaginase activity in a separate cohort of 113 children. We found that a more diverse and dynamically changing TCR repertoire was associated with increased risk of clinical hypersensitivity and decreased L-asp activity. Allergic patients had a higher proportion of infrequent clonotypes, as well as a significantly lower degree of shared clonotypes amongst the cohort. Allergic patients also had significantly higher longitudinal variability of clonotypes across timepoints, where a higher dissimilarity between diagnosis and week 5 represented an 8.1-fold increased risk of an allergic event. After an allergy had occurred, there was shaping and convergence of the TCR repertoire towards a common antigen. Understanding the immunological basis of T-cell responses in allergy lays the groundwork for developing predictive biomarkers or strategies to mediate this common toxicity in childhood ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn H R Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Lower Kent Ridge Road, Tower Block Level 12, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Lower Kent Ridge Road, Tower Block Level 12, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Evelyn H Z Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Lower Kent Ridge Road, Tower Block Level 12, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Winnie H N Chin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Lower Kent Ridge Road, Tower Block Level 12, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Lower Kent Ridge Road, Tower Block Level 12, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Kean Hui Chiew
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Lower Kent Ridge Road, Tower Block Level 12, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Lower Kent Ridge Road, Tower Block Level 12, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Bernice L Z Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Lower Kent Ridge Road, Tower Block Level 12, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Ah Moy Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, KK Women and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Hany Ariffin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 59100, Malaysia
| | - Jun J Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Allen E J Yeoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Lower Kent Ridge Road, Tower Block Level 12, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
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8
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Blazeck J, Karamitros CS, Ford K, Somody C, Qerqez A, Murray K, Burkholder NT, Marshall N, Sivakumar A, Lu WC, Tan B, Lamb C, Tanno Y, Siddiqui MY, Ashoura N, Coma S, Zhang XM, McGovern K, Kumada Y, Zhang YJ, Manfredi M, Johnson KA, D’Arcy S, Stone E, Georgiou G. Bypassing evolutionary dead ends and switching the rate-limiting step of a human immunotherapeutic enzyme. Nat Catal 2022; 5:952-967. [PMID: 36465553 PMCID: PMC9717613 DOI: 10.1038/s41929-022-00856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Trp metabolite kynurenine (KYN) accumulates in numerous solid tumours and mediates potent immunosuppression. Bacterial kynureninases (KYNases), which preferentially degrade kynurenine, can relieve immunosuppression in multiple cancer models, but immunogenicity concerns preclude their clinical use, while the human enzyme (HsKYNase) has very low activity for kynurenine and shows no therapeutic effect. Using fitness selections, we evolved a HsKYNase variant with 27-fold higher activity, beyond which exploration of >30 evolutionary trajectories involving the interrogation of >109 variants led to no further improvements. Introduction of two amino acid substitutions conserved in bacterial KYNases reduced enzyme fitness but potentiated rapid evolution of variants with ~500-fold improved activity and reversed substrate specificity, resulting in an enzyme capable of mediating strong anti-tumour effects in mice. Pre-steady-state kinetics revealed a switch in rate-determining step attributable to changes in both enzyme structure and conformational dynamics. Apart from its clinical significance, our work highlights how rationally designed substitutions can potentiate trajectories that overcome barriers in protein evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Blazeck
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Christos S. Karamitros
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Kyle Ford
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Catrina Somody
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Ahlam Qerqez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Kyle Murray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Nathaniel T. Burkholder
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Nicholas Marshall
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Anirudh Sivakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Wei-Cheng Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Bing Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Candice Lamb
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Yuri Tanno
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Menna Y. Siddiqui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Norah Ashoura
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Silvia Coma
- Ikena Oncology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Yoichi Kumada
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yan Jessie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | | | - Kenneth A. Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Sheena D’Arcy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Everett Stone
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Texas Dell Medical School, LiveSTRONG Cancer Institutes, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Texas Dell Medical School, LiveSTRONG Cancer Institutes, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, TX, USA
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9
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Biochemical characterization and detection of antitumor activity of l-asparaginase from thermophilic Geobacillus kaustophilus DSM 7263 T. Protein Expr Purif 2022; 199:106146. [PMID: 35863721 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
L-asparaginases, which are oncolytic enzymes, have been used in clinical applications for many years. These enzymes are also important in food processing industry due to their potential in acrylamide-mitigation. In this study, the gene for l-asparaginase (GkASN) from a thermophilic bacterium, Geobacillus kaustophilus, was cloned and expressed in E. coli Rosetta™2 (DE3) cells utilizing the pET-22b(+) vector. The 6xHis-tag attached enzyme was purified and analyzed both biochemically and structurally. The molecular mass of GkASN was determined as ∼36 kDa by SDS-PAGE, Western Blotting, and MALDI-TOF MS analyses. Optimum temperature and pH for the enzyme was determined as 55 °C and 8.5, respectively. The enzyme retained 89% of its thermal stability at 37 °C and 75% at 55 °C after 6 h of incubation. The enzyme activity was inhibited in the presence of Cu2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, and EDTA, while the activity was enhanced in the presence of Mn2+, Mg2+, and thiol group protective agents such as 2-mercaptoethanol and DTT. The structural modeling analysis demonstrated that the catalytic residues of the enzyme were partially similar to other asparaginases. The therapeutic potential of GkASN was tested on hepatocellular carcinoma cells, a solid cancer type with high mortality rate and rapidly increasing incidence in recent years. We showed that the GkASN-induced asparagine deficiency effectively reduced the metastatic synergy in HCC SNU387 cells on a xCELLigence system with differentiated epithelial Hep3B and poorly differentiated metastatic mesenchymal HCC SNU387 cells.
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10
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Karamitros CS, Murray K, Winemiller B, Lamb C, Stone EM, D'Arcy S, Johnson KA, Georgiou G. Leveraging intrinsic flexibility to engineer enhanced enzyme catalytic activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2118979119. [PMID: 35658075 PMCID: PMC9191678 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118979119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic motions of enzymes occurring on a broad range of timescales play a pivotal role in all steps of the reaction pathway, including substrate binding, catalysis, and product release. However, it is unknown whether structural information related to conformational flexibility can be exploited for the directed evolution of enzymes with higher catalytic activity. Here, we show that mutagenesis of residues exclusively located at flexible regions distal to the active site of Homo sapiens kynureninase (HsKYNase) resulted in the isolation of a variant (BF-HsKYNase) in which the rate of the chemical step toward kynurenine was increased by 45-fold. Mechanistic pre–steady-state kinetic analysis of the wild type and the evolved enzyme shed light on the underlying effects of distal mutations (>10 Å from the active site) on the rate-limiting step of the catalytic cycle. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the amino acid substitutions in BF-HsKYNase allosterically affect the flexibility of the pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) binding pocket, thereby impacting the rate of chemistry, presumably by altering the conformational ensemble and sampling states more favorable to the catalyzed reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle Murray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Brent Winemiller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Candice Lamb
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Everett M. Stone
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- LiveSTRONG Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Sheena D'Arcy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Kenneth A. Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- LiveSTRONG Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
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11
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Dong X, Li H, Pei M, Tan J, Chen G, Li S, Xie Z, Wang Q, Wang G, Chen Y, Wang C. Analgesic effects of nerve growth factor-directed monoclonal antibody on diabetic neuralgia in an animal model. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1325-1335. [PMID: 35417079 PMCID: PMC9249326 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment options for diabetic neuralgia are limited and unsatisfactory. Tanezumab, a monoclonal antibody that blocks nerve growth factor (NGF) signaling, has been shown to be effective in relieving the clinical symptoms of osteoarthritis pain, chronic low back pain, cancer pain induced by bone metastasis, and diabetic neuralgia. However, the clinical development of tanezumab has been terminated due to the risk of induction of rapidly progressive osteoarthritis (RPOA), and no other NGF antibodies have been examined for their ability to treat diabetic neuralgia in either animal models or clinical trials. In this study, a humanized high‐affinity NGF monoclonal antibody (mAb), huAb45 that could neutralize the interaction between NGF and its high‐affinity receptor TrkA. In a mouse diabetic neuralgia model, it effectively relieved neuropathic pain. This study may serve as the necessary foundation for future studies of huAb45 to potentially treat diabetic neuralgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China.,Shanghai Mabstone Biotechnology Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Biotherapeutics Discovery Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Shanghai Mabstone Biotechnology Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Min Pei
- Shanghai Mabstone Biotechnology Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jie Tan
- Shanghai Mabstone Biotechnology Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ganjun Chen
- Shanghai Mabstone Biotechnology Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Santai Li
- Shanghai Mabstone Biotechnology Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zuobin Xie
- Dartsbio Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528400, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Biotherapeutics Discovery Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guifeng Wang
- Biotherapeutics Discovery Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yili Chen
- Shanghai Mabstone Biotechnology Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Dartsbio Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528400, China
| | - Chunhe Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China.,Shanghai Mabstone Biotechnology Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Dartsbio Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528400, China.,Biotherapeutics Discovery Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
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12
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Alexandrova SS, Gladilina YA, Pokrovskaya MV, Sokolov NN, Zhdanov DD. [Mechanisms of development of side effects and drug resistance to asparaginase and ways to overcome them]. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2022; 68:104-116. [PMID: 35485484 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20226802104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Asparaginase is one of the most important chemotherapeutic agents against acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the most common form of blood cancer. To date, both asparaginases from E. coli and Dickeya dadantii (formerly known as Erwinia chrysanthemi), used in hematology, induce chemoresistance in cancer cells and side effects in the form of hypersensitivity of immune reactions. Leukemic cells may be resistant to asparaginase due to the increased activity of asparagine synthetase and other mechanisms associated with resistance to asparaginase. Therefore, the search for new sources of L-asparaginases with improved pharmacological properties remains a promising and prospective study. This article discusses the mechanisms of development of resistance and drug resistance to L-asparaginase, as well as possible ways to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - N N Sokolov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - D D Zhdanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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13
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Dobryakova NV, Zhdanov DD, Sokolov NN, Aleksandrova SS, Pokrovskaya MV, Kudryashova EV. Improvement of Biocatalytic Properties and Cytotoxic Activity of L-Asparaginase from Rhodospirillum rubrum by Conjugation with Chitosan-Based Cationic Polyelectrolytes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040406. [PMID: 35455403 PMCID: PMC9029710 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginases (L-ASNases, EC 3.5.1.1) are a family of enzymes that are widely used for the treatment of lymphoblastic leukemias. L-ASNase from Rhodospirillum rubrum (RrA) has a low molecular weight, low glutaminase activity, and low immunogenicity, making it a promising enzyme for antitumor drug development. In our work, the complex formation and covalent conjugation of the enzyme with synthetic or natural polycationic polymers was studied. Among non-covalent polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC), polyethyleneimine (PEI) yielded the highest effect on RrA, increasing its activity by 30%. The RrA-PEI complex had increased stability to trypsinolysis, with an inactivation constant decrease up to 10-fold compared to that of the native enzyme. The covalent conjugation of RrA with chitosan-PEI, chitosan-polyethylene glycol (chitosan-PEG), and chitosan-glycol resulted in an increase in the specific activity of L-asparagine (up to 30%). RrA-chitosan-PEG demonstrated dramatically (by 60%) increased cytotoxic activity for human chronic myeloma leukemia K562 cells in comparison to the native enzyme. The antiproliferative activity of RrA and its conjugates was significantly higher (up to 50%) than for that of the commercially available EcA at the same concentration. The results of this study demonstrated that RrA conjugates with polycations can become a promising strategy for antitumor drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V. Dobryakova
- Chemical Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory St. 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (N.N.S.); (S.S.A.); (M.V.P.)
| | - Dmitry D. Zhdanov
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (N.N.S.); (S.S.A.); (M.V.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (D.D.Z.); (E.V.K.)
| | - Nikolay N. Sokolov
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (N.N.S.); (S.S.A.); (M.V.P.)
| | - Svetlana S. Aleksandrova
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (N.N.S.); (S.S.A.); (M.V.P.)
| | - Marina V. Pokrovskaya
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (N.N.S.); (S.S.A.); (M.V.P.)
| | - Elena V. Kudryashova
- Chemical Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory St. 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (D.D.Z.); (E.V.K.)
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14
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Pokrovskaya MV, Pokrovsky VS, Aleksandrova SS, Sokolov NN, Zhdanov DD. Molecular Analysis of L-Asparaginases for Clarification of the Mechanism of Action and Optimization of Pharmacological Functions. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030599. [PMID: 35335974 PMCID: PMC8948990 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginases (EC 3.5.1.1) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid and ammonia. These proteins with different biochemical, physicochemical and pharmacological properties are found in many organisms, including bacteria, fungi, algae, plants and mammals. To date, asparaginases from E. coli and Dickeya dadantii (formerly known as Erwinia chrysanthemi) are widely used in hematology for the treatment of lymphoblastic leukemias. However, their medical use is limited by side effects associated with the ability of these enzymes to hydrolyze L-glutamine, as well as the development of immune reactions. To solve these issues, gene-editing methods to introduce amino-acid substitutions of the enzyme are implemented. In this review, we focused on molecular analysis of the mechanism of enzyme action and to optimize the antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V. Pokrovskaya
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.P.); (S.S.A.); (N.N.S.)
| | - Vadim S. Pokrovsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Combined Treatment, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe Shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Federal Territory Sirius, Olimpiisky Prospect 1, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Svetlana S. Aleksandrova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.P.); (S.S.A.); (N.N.S.)
| | - Nikolay N. Sokolov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.P.); (S.S.A.); (N.N.S.)
| | - Dmitry D. Zhdanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.P.); (S.S.A.); (N.N.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence:
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15
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Karamitros CS, Somody CM, Agnello G, Rowlinson S. Engineering of the Recombinant Expression and PEGylation Efficiency of the Therapeutic Enzyme Human Thymidine Phosphorylase. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:793985. [PMID: 34976980 PMCID: PMC8718881 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.793985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Human thymidine phosphorylase (HsTP) is an enzyme with important implications in the field of rare metabolic diseases. Defective mutations of HsTP lead to mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE), a disease with a high unmet medical need that is associated with severe neurological and gastrointestinal complications. Current efforts focus on the development of an enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) using the Escherichia coli ortholog (EcTP). However, bacterial enzymes are counter-indicated for human therapeutic applications because they are recognized as foreign by the human immune system, thereby eliciting adverse immune responses and raising significant safety and efficacy risks. Thus, it is critical to utilize the HsTP enzyme as starting scaffold for pre-clinical drug development, thus de-risking the safety concerns associated with the use of bacterial enzymes. However, HsTP expresses very poorly in E. coli, whereas its PEGylation, a crucial chemical modification for achieving long serum persistence of therapeutic enzymes, is highly inefficient and negatively affects its catalytic activity. Here we focused on the engineering of the recombinant expression profile of HsTP in E. coli cells, as well as on the optimization of its PEGylation efficiency aiming at the development of an alternative therapeutic approach for MNGIE. We show that phylogenetic and structural analysis of proteins can provide important insights for the rational design of N’-terminus-truncation constructs which exhibit significantly improved recombinant expression levels. In addition, we developed and implemented a criteria-driven rational surface engineering strategy for the substitution of arginine-to-lysine and lysine-to-arginine residues to achieve more efficient, homogeneous and reproducible PEGylation without negatively affecting the enzymatic catalytic activity upon PEGylation. Collectively, our proposed strategies provide an effective way to optimize enzyme PEGylation and E. coli recombinant expression and are likely applicable for other proteins and enzymes.
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16
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A Targeted Catalytic Nanobody (T-CAN) with Asparaginolytic Activity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225637. [PMID: 34830793 PMCID: PMC8616244 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The therapy of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is based on Escherichia coli (E. coli) L-asparaginase, which is a very effective drug in most cases. However, its side effects sometimes prevent its usage or impose its interruption. The main issues derive from its bacterial origin, which elicits a strong immune response in the patient, and from its generalized action on all body compartments. In this work, we describe how we generated a fully active and miniaturized form of L-asparaginase starting from a camel single domain antibody, a class of antibodies known to have a very limited immunogenicity in humans. We also targeted it onto tumor cells by attaching it to an antibody fragment directed onto the CD19 B-cell surface receptor, expressed on ALL cells. We named this new molecule “Targeted Catalytic Nanobody” (T-CAN). The T-CAN is active and successfully binds to CD19 expressing cells in vitro. Thanks to its reduced immunogenic potential, it represents a new tool which deserves further development. Abstract E. coli L-asparaginase is an amidohydrolase (EC 3.5.1.1) which has been successfully used for the treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia for over 50 years. Despite its efficacy, its side effects, and especially its intrinsic immunogenicity, hamper its usage in a significant subset of cases, thus limiting therapeutic options. Innovative solutions to improve on these drawbacks have been attempted, but none of them have been truly successful so far. In this work, we fully replaced the enzyme scaffold, generating an active, miniaturized form of L-asparaginase by protein engineering of a camel single domain antibody, a class of antibodies known to have a limited immunogenicity in humans. We then targeted it onto tumor cells by an antibody scFv fragment directed onto the CD19 B-cell surface receptor expressed on ALL cells. We named this new type of nanobody-based antibody-drug conjugate “Targeted Catalytic Nanobody” (T-CAN). The new molecule retains the catalytic activity and the binding capability of the original modules and successfully targets CD19 expressing cells in vitro. Thanks to its theoretically reduced immunogenic potential compared to the original molecule, the T-CAN can represent a novel approach to tackle current limitations in L-asparaginase usage.
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17
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Lukasheva EV, Babayeva G, Karshieva SS, Zhdanov DD, Pokrovsky VS. L-Lysine α-Oxidase: Enzyme with Anticancer Properties. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1070. [PMID: 34832852 PMCID: PMC8618108 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
L-lysine α-oxidase (LO), one of L-amino acid oxidases, deaminates L-lysine with the yield of H2O2, ammonia, and α-keto-ε-aminocaproate. Multiple in vitro and in vivo studies have reported cytotoxic, antitumor, antimetastatic, and antitumor activity of LO. Unlike asparaginase, LO has a dual mechanism of action: depletion of L-lysine and formation of H2O2, both targeting tumor growth. Prominent results were obtained on murine and human tumor models, including human colon cancer xenografts HCT 116, LS174T, and T47D with maximum T/C 12, 37, and 36%, respectively. The data obtained from human cancer xenografts in immunodeficient mice confirm the potential of LO as an agent for colon cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss recently discovered molecular mechanisms of biological action and the potential of LO as anticancer enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Lukasheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho—Maklaya Street 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.L.); (G.B.)
| | - Gulalek Babayeva
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho—Maklaya Street 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.L.); (G.B.)
- Laboratory of Combined Treatment, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe Shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Saida Sh. Karshieva
- Laboratory of Combined Treatment, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe Shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dmitry D. Zhdanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vadim S. Pokrovsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho—Maklaya Street 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.L.); (G.B.)
- Laboratory of Combined Treatment, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe Shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia;
- Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Federal Territory Sirius, 1 Olimpiisky Prospect, 354340 Sochi, Russia
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18
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Circumventing the side effects of L-asparaginase. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111616. [PMID: 33932739 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase is an enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of asparagine and successfully used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. L-asparaginase toxicity is either related to hypersensitivity to the foreign protein or to a secondary L-glutaminase activity that causes inhibition of protein synthesis. PEGylated versions have been incorporated into the treatment protocols to reduce immunogenicity and an alternative L-asparaginase derived from Dickeya chrysanthemi is used in patients with anaphylactic reactions to the E. coli L-asparaginase. Alternative approaches commonly explore new sources of the enzyme as well as the use of protein engineering techniques to create less immunogenic, more stable variants with lower L-glutaminase activity. This article reviews the main strategies used to overcome L-asparaginase shortcomings and introduces recent tools that can be used to create therapeutic enzymes with improved features.
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19
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Kataria A, Patel AK, Kundu B. Distinct functional properties of secretory l-asparaginase Rv1538c involved in phagosomal survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Biochimie 2021; 182:1-12. [PMID: 33412160 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) stains has escalated the need for developing more efficient drugs and therapeutic strategies against tuberculosis. Here we functionally annotate a secretory mycobacterial asparaginase Rv1538c (MtA) and describe its biochemical properties. MtA primarily existed as dimer along with a minor population of multimers. Circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated a compact structure in Tris HCl buffer at pH 8.0. Under these conditions it also displayed optimum activity. It retained ∼40% activity at pH 5.5, supporting its physiological relevance in acidic phagosomal environment. MtA contravened classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics and exhibited product inhibition profile, yielding a Kcat of 869.4 s-1 and an apparent Km of 8.36 mM. We report the presence of several antigenic epitopes and a C-terminal YXXXD/E motif in MtA, hinting towards its potential to interact or influence host immune system. This was supported by our observation of morphological changes in MtA-treated human B lymphoblasts. We propose that MtA is a dual purpose enzyme used by Mtb to survive inside its host by; 1) ammonia-mediated neutralization of the phagosomal acidic pH and 2) inducing stress to primary immune cells and compromising the host immune response. Overall, this study contributes to our understanding of the biological role of mycobacterial asparaginase opening avenues for developing effective TB therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Kataria
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India, 110016
| | - Ashok Kumar Patel
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India, 110016
| | - Bishwajit Kundu
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India, 110016.
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20
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Pokrovsky VS, Lukashev AN, Babayeva G, Karshieva SS, Arinbasarova AY, Medentzev AG, Komarova MV, Lukasheva EV. Plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of L-lysine α-oxidase from Trichoderma cf. aureoviride RIFAI VKM F- 4268D in mice. Amino Acids 2021; 53:111-118. [PMID: 33398529 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
L-lysine α-oxidase (LO) is an L-amino acid oxidase with antitumor, antimicrobial and antiviral properties. Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies were carried out by measuring LO concentration in plasma and tissue samples by enzyme immunoassay. L-lysine concentration in samples was measured spectrophotometrically using LO. After single i.v. injection of 1.0, 1.5, 3.0 mg/kg the circulating T1/2 of enzyme in mice varied from 51 to 74 min and the AUC0-inf values were 6.54 ± 0.46, 8.66 ± 0.59, 9.47 ± 1.45 μg/ml × h, respectively. LO was distributed in tissues and determined within 48 h after administration with maximal accumulation in liver and heart tissues. Mean time to reach the maximum concentration was highest for the liver-9 h, kidney-1 h and 15 min for the tissues of heart, spleen and brain. T1/2 of LO in tissues ranged from 7.75 ± 0.73 to 26.10 ± 2.60 h. In mice, plasma L-lysine decreased by 79% 15 min after LO administration in dose 1.6 mg/kg. The serum L-lysine levels remained very low from 1 to 9 h (< 25 μM, 17%), indicating an acute lack of L-lysine in animals for at least 9 h. Concentration of L-lysine in serum restored only 24 h after LO administration. The results of LO PK study show that it might be considered as a promising enzyme for further investigation as a potential anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Pokrovsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples' Friendship University, Moscow, Russia. .,Laboratory of Combined Treatment, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A N Lukashev
- Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - G Babayeva
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples' Friendship University, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Combined Treatment, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Sh Karshieva
- Laboratory of Combined Treatment, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Yu Arinbasarova
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - A G Medentzev
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - M V Komarova
- Department of Laser and Biotechnical Systems, Samara University, Samara, Russia
| | - E V Lukasheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples' Friendship University, Moscow, Russia
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Plyasova AA, Pokrovskaya MV, Lisitsyna OM, Pokrovsky VS, Alexandrova SS, Hilal A, Sokolov NN, Zhdanov DD. Penetration into Cancer Cells via Clathrin-Dependent Mechanism Allows L-Asparaginase from Rhodospirillum rubrum to Inhibit Telomerase. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E286. [PMID: 33008089 PMCID: PMC7650658 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The anticancer effect of L-asparaginases (L-ASNases) is attributable to their ability to hydrolyze L-asparagine in the bloodstream and cancer cell microenvironment. Rhodospirillum rubrum (RrA) has dual mechanism of action and plays a role in the suppression of telomerase activity. The aim of this work was to investigate the possible mechanism of RrA penetration into human cancer cells. Labeling of widely used L-ASNases by fluorescein isothiocyanate followed by flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy demonstrated that only RrA can interact with cell membranes. The screening of inhibitors of receptor-mediated endocytosis demonstrated the involvement of clathrin receptors in RrA penetration into cells. Confocal microscopy confirmed the cytoplasmic and nuclear localization of RrA in human breast cancer SKBR3 cells. Two predicted nuclear localization motifs allow RrA to penetrate into the cell nucleus and inhibit telomerase. Chromatin relaxation promoted by different agents can increase the ability of RrA to suppress the expression of telomerase main catalytic subunit. Our study demonstrated for the first time the ability of RrA to penetrate into human cancer cells and the involvement of clathrin receptors in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Plyasova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya st. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.P.); (M.V.P.); (S.S.A.); (A.H.); (N.N.S.)
| | - Marina V. Pokrovskaya
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya st. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.P.); (M.V.P.); (S.S.A.); (A.H.); (N.N.S.)
| | - Olga M. Lisitsyna
- International Biotechnology Center “Generium” LLC, Vladimirskaya st. 14, 601125 Volginsky, Russia;
| | - Vadim S. Pokrovsky
- N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe Shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Biochemistry, Рeoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana S. Alexandrova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya st. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.P.); (M.V.P.); (S.S.A.); (A.H.); (N.N.S.)
| | - Abdullah Hilal
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya st. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.P.); (M.V.P.); (S.S.A.); (A.H.); (N.N.S.)
| | - Nikolay N. Sokolov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya st. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.P.); (M.V.P.); (S.S.A.); (A.H.); (N.N.S.)
| | - Dmitry D. Zhdanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya st. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.P.); (M.V.P.); (S.S.A.); (A.H.); (N.N.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Рeoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
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22
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Pokrovsky VS, Anisimova NY, Davydov DZ, Bazhenov SV, Bulushova NV, Zavilgelsky GB, Kotova VY, Manukhov IV. Methionine Gamma Lyase from Clostridium sporogenes Increases the Anticancer Efficacy of Doxorubicin on A549 Cancer Cells In Vitro and Human Cancer Xenografts. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1866:243-261. [PMID: 30725420 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8796-2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer efficacy of methionine γ-lyase (MGL) from Clostridium sporogenes (C. sporogenes) is described. MGL was active against cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Doxorubicin (DOX) and MGL were more effective on A549 human lung-cancer growth inhibition than either agent alone in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Pokrovsky
- Laboratory of Combined Treatment, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia. .,Department of Biochemistry, People's Friendship University (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.
| | - N Yu Anisimova
- Laboratory of Combined Treatment, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Zh Davydov
- Laboratory of Combined Treatment, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Bazhenov
- State Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - N V Bulushova
- State Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, Moscow, Russia
| | - G B Zavilgelsky
- State Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Y Kotova
- State Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, Moscow, Russia
| | - I V Manukhov
- State Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
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Pokrovsky VS, Chepikova OE, Davydov DZ, Zamyatnin AA, Lukashev AN, Lukasheva EV. Amino Acid Degrading Enzymes and their Application in Cancer Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:446-464. [PMID: 28990519 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171006132729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino acids are essential components in various biochemical pathways. The deprivation of certain amino acids is an antimetabolite strategy for the treatment of amino acid-dependent cancers which exploits the compromised metabolism of malignant cells. Several studies have focused on the development and preclinical and clinical evaluation of amino acid degrading enzymes, namely L-asparaginase, L-methionine γ-lyase, L-arginine deiminase, L-lysine α-oxidase. Further research into cancer cell metabolism may therefore define possible targets for controlling tumor growth. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review was to summarize recent progress in the relationship between amino acids metabolism and cancer therapy, with a particular focus on Lasparagine, L-methionine, L-arginine and L-lysine degrading enzymes and their formulations, which have been successfully used in the treatment of several types of cancer. METHODS We carried out a structured search among literature regarding to amino acid degrading enzymes. The main aspects of search were in vitro and in vivo studies, clinical trials concerning application of these enzymes in oncology. RESULTS Most published research are on the subject of L-asparaginase properties and it's use for cancer treatment. L-arginine deiminase has shown promising results in a phase II trial in advanced melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Other enzymes, in particular Lmethionine γ-lyase and L-lysine α-oxidase, were effective in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION The findings of this review revealed that therapy based on amino acid depletion may have the potential application for cancer treatment but further clinical investigations are required to provide the efficacy and safety of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation.,People's Friendship University, Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga E Chepikova
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Belozersky Institute of Physico- Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander N Lukashev
- People's Friendship University, Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V Lukasheva
- People's Friendship University, Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
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24
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Pokrovsky VS, Vinnikov D. Defining the toxicity of current regimens for extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma: a systematic review and metaproportion. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2018; 19:93-104. [PMID: 30449214 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2019.1549992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the toxicity profiles of SMILE versus less intense L-asparaginase-containing regimens, CCRT or "sandwich" RT+CT regimens. Methods: PRISMA protocol was used to search Pubmed and Embase for studies of treatment regimens for extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL) in English published before March 2018. Pooled data were grouped into five categories: A) CHOP-like regimens; B) Gemcitabine-based regimens; C) SMILE-like regimens; D) Concurrent and "sandwich" RT + CT; and E) Methotrexate-based combinations. We pooled prevalence of selected adverse events from each study to calculate the weighted overall prevalence using meta-proportion in Stata. Results: Group C was the most toxic with the pooled neutropenia 72% (95 CI 64;80) and thrombocytopenia 48% (95% CI 40;55) prevalence. The use of Group D treatment regimens was associated with the lowest anemia (10% (95% CI 1;19)) prevalence. Group E was the least toxic with regard to thrombocytopenia (6% (95% CI 1;11). Conclusion: Our analysis confirms that SMILE regimen, which is current standard to treat advanced-stage ENKTL may be associated with more severe hematological toxicity compared to other L-asparaginase combinations, including methotrexate-based (AspaMetDex, MESA and MEDA) or gemcitabine-based (GELOX, PGEMOX, DDGP, GDL, GOLD, GLIDE) or CCRT-based regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim S Pokrovsky
- a Department of Combined Therapy , N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center , Moscow , Russian Federation.,b Medical Faculty , Peoples' friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Denis Vinnikov
- c School of Public Health , Al-Farabi Kazakh National University , Almaty , Kazakhstan.,d Biological institute , National Research Tomsk State University , Tomsk , Russian Federation
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25
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Methionine gamma lyase from Clostridium sporogenes increases the anticancer effect of doxorubicin in A549 cells and human cancer xenografts. Invest New Drugs 2018; 37:201-209. [PMID: 29948359 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The anti-cancer efficacy of methionine γ-lyase (MGL) from Clostridium sporogenes (C. sporogenes) is described. MGL was active against cancer models in vitro and in vivo. The calculated EC50 values for MGL were 4.4 U/ml for A549, 7.5 U/ml for SK-BR3, 2.4 U/ml for SKOV3, and 0.4 U/ml for MCF7 cells. The combination of doxorubicin (DOX) and MGL was more effective for A549 human lung cancer growth inhibition than either agent alone in vitro and in vivo. MGL reduced the EC50 of doxorubicin from 35.9 μg/mL to 0.01-0.265 μg/mL. The growth inhibitory effect of DOX + MGL on A549 xenografts in vivo was reflective of the results obtained in vitro. The inhibition rate of tumor growth in the combined arm was 57%, significantly higher than that in the doxorubicin (p = 0.033)-alone arm.
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26
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Vidya J, Sajitha S, Ushasree MV, Sindhu R, Binod P, Madhavan A, Pandey A. Genetic and metabolic engineering approaches for the production and delivery of L-asparaginases: An overview. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:1775-1781. [PMID: 28596071 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
L-asparaginase is one of the protein drugs for countering leukemia and lymphoma. A major challenge in the therapeutic potential of the enzyme is its immunogenicity, low-plasma half-life and glutaminase activity that are found to be the reasons for toxicities attributed to asparaginase therapy. For addressing these challenges, several research and developmental activities are going on throughout the world for an effective drug delivery for treatment of cancer. Hence there is an urgent need for the development of asparaginase with improved properties for efficient drug delivery. The strategies selected should be economically viable to ensure the availability of the drug at low cost. The current review addresses various strategies adopted for the production of asparaginase from different sources, approaches for increasing the therapeutic efficiency of the protein and new drug delivery systems for L-asparaginase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalaja Vidya
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India.
| | - Syed Sajitha
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Mrudula Vasudevan Ushasree
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India; Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India; Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab, India
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27
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Zhdanov DD, Pokrovsky VS, Pokrovskaya MV, Alexandrova SS, Eldarov MA, Grishin DV, Basharov MM, Gladilina YA, Podobed OV, Sokolov NN. Rhodospirillum rubruml-asparaginase targets tumor growth by a dual mechanism involving telomerase inhibition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 492:282-288. [PMID: 28837806 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Rhodospirillum rubruml-asparaginase mutant RrA E149R, V150P, F151T (RrA) was previously identified to down-regulate telomerase activity along with catalyzing the hydrolysis of l-asparagine. The aim of this study was to define the effect of prolonged RrA exposure on telomerase activity, maintenance of telomeres and proliferation of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. RrA could inhibit telomerase activity in SCOV-3, SkBr-3 and A549 human cancer cell lines due to its ability to down-regulate the expression of telomerase catalytic subunit hTERT. Telomerase activity in treated cells did not exceeded 29.63 ± 12.3% of control cells. Continuous RrA exposure of these cells resulted in shortening of telomeres followed by cell death in vitro. Using real time PCR we showed that length of telomeres in SCOV-3 cells has been gradually decreasing from 10105 ± 2530 b.p. to 1233 ± 636 b.p. after 35 days of cultivation. RrA treatment of xenograft models in vivo showed slight inhibition of tumor growth accompanied with 49.5-53.3% of decrease in hTERT expression in the all tumors. However down-regulation of hTERT expression, inhibition of telomerase activity and the loss of telomeres was significant in response to RrA administration in xenograft models. These results should facilitate further investigations of RrA as a potent therapeutic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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Pokrovsky VS, Vinnikov D. L-Asparaginase for newly diagnosed extra-nodal NK/T-cell lymphoma: systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2017. [PMID: 28621166 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2017.1344100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this review was to compare the efficacy of asparaginase (ASP)-containing vs ASP-absent regimens in the first-line treatment of ENKTL patients. METHODS The PRISMA protocol was used to search PubMed and Embase for both controlled and uncontrolled studies of ASP or alternative chemotherapy (CT) for newly diagnosed ENKTL, published in English by March 2017. The regimens were compared to calculate relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of the overall response rate (ORR), complete response (CR) or partial response (PR). RESULTS Out of 38 studies included, eight were controlled trials, with the pooled RR of ORR in stage I-II 1.54 (95% CI 1.34-1.77); stage I-IV 1.34 (95% CI 1.09-1.64). In stage III-IV CT combined with radiotherapy (RT), RR of ORR was 2.30 (95% CI 1.66-3.18). ASP was also superior in achieving CR. When all single arms combined, RR of ORR after CT with ASP was 1.52 (95% CI 1.38-1.67) in stage I-II (15 studies); 1.44 (95% CI 1.32-1.57) in all stages (29 studies); 1.31 (95% CI 1.24-1.38) and 1.66 (95% CI 1.18-2.34) in stages I-II and III-IV combined with RT, correspondingly. CONCLUSIONS ASP-based CT significantly improved ORR and CR in patients with newly diagnosed both early-stage and advanced-stage ENKTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim S Pokrovsky
- a Department of Combined Therapy , N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center , Moscow , Russian Federation.,b Medical Faculty , Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Denis Vinnikov
- c School of Public Health , Al-Farabi Kazakh National University , Almaty , Kazakhstan.,d Biological Institute , National Research Tomsk State University , Tomsk , Russian Federation
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Sharafi Z, Barati M, Khoshayand MR, Adrangi S. Screening for Type II L-Asparaginases: Lessons from the Genus Halomonas. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2017; 16:1565-1573. [PMID: 29552065 PMCID: PMC5843318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Among the two types of bacterial L-asparaginases, only type II enzymes have been used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia owing to their higher affinity for L-asparagine. However, current screening media used for the isolation of L-asparaginase-producing microorganisms do not discriminate between the two types of L-asparaginase. During an optimization study conducted to increase L-asparaginase production by environmental Halomonas isolates, it was noticed that the pattern of L-asparaginase production in response to variations in glucose concentration varied between different isolates suggesting that they differ in their ability to produce type II L-asparaginases, an observation that was confirmed by further experiments. Bioinformatics analysis of available Halomonas whole genome sequences revealed that indeed some species of this genus possess both L-asparaginase types while others possess only type I enzymes. By comparing the growth pattern of these isolates on different media, we propose that by omitting glucose, reducing the concentration of L-asparagine and providing an alternative nitrogen source in L-asparaginase screening media it may be possible to differentiate between type I and type II activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Sharafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahmood Barati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Khoshayand
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sina Adrangi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,Corresponding author: E-mail:
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