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Crosstalk between Immune Checkpoint Modulators, Metabolic Reprogramming and Cellular Plasticity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:6847-6863. [PMID: 36290817 PMCID: PMC9601266 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29100540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the major causes of mortality in women worldwide. Accounting for 15-20% of all breast cancer diagnoses, the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype presents with an aggressive clinical course, heightened metastatic potential and the poorest short-term prognosis. TNBC does not respond to hormonal therapy, only partially responds to radio- and chemotherapy, and has limited targeted therapy options, thus underlining the critical need for better therapeutic treatments. Although immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibition is emerging as a promising treatment option for TNBC patients, activation of cellular plasticity programs such as metabolic reprogramming (MR) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) causes immunotherapy to fail. In this report, we review the role of MR and EMT in immune checkpoint dysregulation in TNBCs and specifically shed light on development of novel combination treatment modalities for this challenging disease. We highlight the clinical relevance of crosstalk between MR, EMT, and immune checkpoints in TNBCs.
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Hao S, Meng Q, Sun H, Li Y, Li Y, Gu L, Liu B, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Xu Z, Wang Y. The role of transketolase in human cancer progression and therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113607. [PMID: 36030587 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Transketolase (TKT) is an enzyme that is ubiquitously expressed in all living organisms and has been identified as an important regulator of cancer. Recent studies have shown that the TKT family includes the TKT gene and two TKT-like (TKTL) genes; TKTL1 and TKTL2. TKT and TKTL1 have been reported to be involved in the regulation of multiple cancer-related events, such as cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, chemoradiotherapy resistance, and patient survival and prognosis. Therefore, TKT may be an ideal target for cancer treatment. More importantly, the levels of TKTL1 were detected using EDIM technology for the early detection of some malignancies, and TKTL1 was more sensitive and specific than traditional tumor markers. Detecting TKTL1 levels before and after surgery could be used to evaluate the surgery's effect. While targeted TKT suppresses cancer in multiple ways, in some cases, it has detrimental effects on the organism. In this review, we discuss the role of TKT in different tumors and the detailed mechanisms while evaluating its value and limitations in clinical applications. Therefore, this review provides a basis for the clinical application of targeted therapy for TKT in the future, and a strategy for subsequent cancer-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Hao
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qingfei Meng
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Huihui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yunkuo Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yao Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Liting Gu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yanghe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Zhixiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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3
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Epitope Detection in Monocytes (EDIM) As a New Method of Liquid Biopsy in Pediatric Rhabdomyosarcoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081812. [PMID: 36009359 PMCID: PMC9404738 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers allowing characterization of pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) are lacking. Epitope detection in monocytes (EDIM) is a novel method focused on detection of the biomarkers TKTL1 (transketolase-like protein 1) and Apo10 (epitope of DNaseX) in activated monocytes (CD14+/CD16+) from patient’s blood. We investigated the expression of these biomarkers in RMS cell lines, tumor material, and peripheral blood from RMS patients. Expression levels of TKTL1 and DNaseX/Apo10 in RMS cell lines (RH30, RD) and tumor samples were analyzed by RT-PCR and flow cytometry. Blood samples of 29 RMS patients were measured and compared to 27 healthy individuals. The percentages of activated CD14+/CD16+ monocytes harboring TKTL1 and Apo10 were determined. EDIM-TKTL1 and EDIM-Apo10 expression scores were calculated. The relationship between TKTL1 expression and DNA-hypomethylation was evaluated. Both RMS cell lines and tumor samples showed significantly higher expression levels of TKTL1 and DNaseX/Apo10 compared to skeletal muscle cells (SkMC). EDIM-TKTL1 and EDIM-Apo10 scores were positive in 96.5% of patients with RMS. All healthy controls had negative corresponding scores. RMS cell lines show increased expression levels of the biomarkers TKTL1 and DNaseX/Apo10. The sensitivity of the EDIM blood test indicates that this assay might serve as an additional tool in pediatric RMS.
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Stagno MJ, Schmidt A, Bochem J, Urla C, Handgretinger R, Cabanillas Stanchi KM, Saup R, Queudeville M, Fuchs J, Warmann SW, Schmid E. Epitope detection in monocytes (EDIM) for liquid biopsy including identification of GD2 in childhood neuroblastoma-a pilot study. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:1324-1331. [PMID: 35864157 PMCID: PMC9519569 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01855-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common paediatric extracranial solid malignancy. We analysed the role of the epitope detection in monocytes (EDIM) technique for liquid biopsy in NB patients. Methods Tumour epitopes transketolase-like 1 (TKTL1), Apo10 (DNaseX) and GD2 were assessed: expression levels in seven NB tumour samples and five NB cell lines were analysed using RT-PCR and flow cytometry. LAN-1 cells were co-cultured with blood and assessed using EDIM. Peripheral blood macrophages of patients with neuroblastoma (n = 38) and healthy individuals (control group, n = 37) were labelled (CD14+/CD16+) and assessed for TKTL1, Apo10 and GD2 using the EDIM technology. Results mRNA expression of TKTL1 and DNaseX/Apo10 was elevated in 6/7 NB samples. Spike experiments showed upregulation of TKTL1, Apo10 and GD2 in LAN-1 cells following co-culturing with blood. TKTL1 and Apo10 were present in macrophages of 36/38 patients, and GD2 in 15/19 patients. The 37 control samples were all negative. EDIM expression scores of the three epitopes allowed differentiation between NB patients and healthy individuals. Conclusions The EDIM test might serve as a non-invasive tool for liquid biopsy in children suffering from NB. Future studies are necessary for assessing risk stratification, tumour biology, treatment monitoring, and early detection of tumour relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias J Stagno
- Department of Pediatric Surgery & Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Department of Pediatric Surgery & Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Bochem
- Department of Pediatric Surgery & Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Cristian Urla
- Department of Pediatric Surgery & Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rupert Handgretinger
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Karin M Cabanillas Stanchi
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rafael Saup
- Department of Pediatric Surgery & Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Manon Queudeville
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Fuchs
- Department of Pediatric Surgery & Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Steven W Warmann
- Department of Pediatric Surgery & Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Evi Schmid
- Department of Pediatric Surgery & Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Markouli M, Strepkos D, Papavassiliou KA, Papavassiliou AG, Piperi C. Crosstalk of Epigenetic and Metabolic Signaling Underpinning Glioblastoma Pathogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112655. [PMID: 35681635 PMCID: PMC9179868 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Epigenetic mechanisms can modulate key genes involved in the cellular metabolism of glioblastomas and participate in their pathogenesis by increasing their heterogeneity, plasticity, and malignancy. Although most epigenetic modifications can primarily promote the activity of metabolic pathways, they may also exert an inhibitory role. The detection of key metabolic alterations in gliomas regulated by epigenetic mechanisms will enable drug development and effective molecular targeting, improvement of therapeutic schemes, and patients’ management. Abstract Metabolic alterations in neoplastic cells have recently gained increasing attention as a main topic of research, playing a crucial regulatory role in the development and progression of tumors. The interplay between epigenetic modifications and metabolic pathways in glioblastoma cells has emerged as a key pathogenic area with great potential for targeted therapy. Epigenetic mechanisms have been demonstrated to affect main metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, gluconeogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, TCA cycle, lipid, and glutamine metabolism by modifying key regulatory genes. Although epigenetic modifications can primarily promote the activity of metabolic pathways, they may also exert an inhibitory role. In this way, they participate in a complex network of interactions that regulate the metabolic behavior of malignant cells, increasing their heterogeneity and plasticity. Herein, we discuss the main epigenetic mechanisms that regulate the metabolic pathways in glioblastoma cells and highlight their targeting potential against tumor progression.
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Tolerance of Human Fibroblasts to Benfo-Oxythiamine In Vitro. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074112. [PMID: 35409800 PMCID: PMC8998213 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the potential application of B-OT in the aspiration tract. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conceived and optimized an in vitro model simulating the mouth-washing process to assess tolerance to B-OT on primary human gingival fibroblasts. Cells derived from 4 unrelated donors were flushed with medium containing drugs of various concentration for one minute twice daily for 3 days. RESULTS No effect was seen on the cells up to 1000 µM B-OT. In addition, we treated the cells with B-OT permanently in medium, corresponding to a systemic treatment. No effect was seen by 10 µM B-OT and only a slight reduction (approximately 10%) was seen by 100 µM B-OT. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest good tolerance of oral cells for B-OT, favoring the further development of this antiviral reagent as a mouth-washing solution and nasal spray.
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Choubey P, Kaur H, Bansal K. Modulation of DNA/RNA Methylation Signaling Mediating Metabolic Homeostasis in Cancer. Subcell Biochem 2022; 100:201-237. [PMID: 36301496 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07634-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid methylation is a fundamental epigenetic mechanism that impinges upon several cellular attributes, including metabolism and energy production. The dysregulation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)/ribonucleic acid (RNA) methylation can lead to metabolic rewiring in the cell, which in turn facilitates tumor development. Here, we review the current knowledge on the interplay between DNA/RNA methylation and metabolic programs in cancer cells. We also discuss the mechanistic role of these pathways in tumor development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallawi Choubey
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit (MBGU), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore, India
| | - Harshdeep Kaur
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit (MBGU), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore, India
| | - Kushagra Bansal
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit (MBGU), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore, India.
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Zhu Y, Qiu Y, Zhang X. TKTL1 participated in malignant progression of cervical cancer cells via regulating AKT signal mediated PFKFB3 and thus regulating glycolysis. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:678. [PMID: 34922556 PMCID: PMC8684167 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02383-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer (CC) is the second most common cancer among women with high morbidity and mortality. TKTL1 is a key protein in glucose metabolism in cancer cells and controls the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). In this paper, we aim to explore whether TKTL1 can participate in the malignant process of CC cells through glucose metabolism. METHODS The expression and activity of TKTL1 in CC cell lines were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Cell transfection was conducted to interfere the expression of TKTL1 in SiHa cells, with efficiency detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Cell proliferation was then measured by CCK-8 kits. Wound Healing and Transwell experiments were performed to respectively detect the levels of cell migration and invasion, and western blot was used to detect the expressions of migration-related proteins. Tunel and Western blot were used to detect the apoptosis and apoptosis-related proteins. Glucose uptake, lactate production, and ATP production were measured by corresponding commercial kits. Next, the expression of p-Akt, AKT, p-MTOR, mTOR, HK2 and PFKFB3 was detected by Western blot. The mechanism was further investigated by interfering the expression of HK2 and PFKFB3 and adding AKT agonist SC79. At the animal level, the tumor bearing mouse model of CC was constructed, and the weight, volume and pathological morphology of the tumor tissue were detected to verify the cell experiment. RESULTS TKTL1 expression was increased in CC cells. Interference of TKTL1 expression can inhibit TKTL1 enzyme activity, proliferation, invasion and migration of CC cells, and simultaneously suppress the generation of glycolysis. In addition, the results showed that TKTL1 activated PFKFB3 through AKT rather than HK2 signaling and is involved in glycolysis, cell invasion, migration, and apoptosis of CC cells. In animal level, inhibition of TKTL1 also contributed to decreased tumor volume of CC tumor bearing mice and improved histopathological status. CONCLUSION TKTL1 participated in malignant progression of CC cells via regulating AKT signal-mediated HK2 and PFKFB3 and thus regulating glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingping Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, NO.10 Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361000, Fujian, China.
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, NO.10 Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361000, Fujian, China.
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Aleotti V, Catoni C, Poggiana C, Rosato A, Facchinetti A, Scaini MC. Methylation Markers in Cutaneous Melanoma: Unravelling the Potential Utility of Their Tracking by Liquid Biopsy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6217. [PMID: 34944843 PMCID: PMC8699653 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most serious, life-threatening form of all dermatologic diseases, with a poor prognosis in the presence of metastases and advanced disease. Despite recent advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy, there is still a critical need for a better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms behind melanoma progression and resistance onset. Recent advances in genome-wide methylation methods have revealed that aberrant changes in the pattern of DNA methylation play an important role in many aspects of cancer progression, including cell proliferation and migration, evasion of cell death, invasion, and metastasization. The purpose of the current review was to gather evidence regarding the usefulness of DNA methylation tracking in liquid biopsy as a potential biomarker in melanoma. We investigated the key genes and signal transduction pathways that have been found to be altered epigenetically in melanoma. We then highlighted the circulating tumor components present in blood, including circulating melanoma cells (CMC), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), as a valuable source for identifying relevant aberrations in DNA methylation. Finally, we focused on DNA methylation signatures as a marker for tracking response to therapy and resistance, thus facilitating personalized medicine and decision-making in the treatment of melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Aleotti
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Cristina Catoni
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Cristina Poggiana
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.C.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Antonella Facchinetti
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.C.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Scaini
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.C.S.)
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Patra S, Elahi N, Armorer A, Arunachalam S, Omala J, Hamid I, Ashton AW, Joyce D, Jiao X, Pestell RG. Mechanisms Governing Metabolic Heterogeneity in Breast Cancer and Other Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:700629. [PMID: 34631530 PMCID: PMC8495201 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.700629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of metabolic priorities promotes tumor progression. Our understanding of the Warburg effect, based on studies of cultured cancer cells, has evolved to a more complex understanding of tumor metabolism within an ecosystem that provides and catabolizes diverse nutrients provided by the local tumor microenvironment. Recent studies have illustrated that heterogeneous metabolic changes occur at the level of tumor type, tumor subtype, within the tumor itself, and within the tumor microenvironment. Thus, altered metabolism occurs in cancer cells and in the tumor microenvironment (fibroblasts, immune cells and fat cells). Herein we describe how these growth advantages are obtained through either “convergent” genetic changes, in which common metabolic properties are induced as a final common pathway induced by diverse oncogene factors, or “divergent” genetic changes, in which distinct factors lead to subtype-selective phenotypes and thereby tumor heterogeneity. Metabolic heterogeneity allows subtyping of cancers and further metabolic heterogeneity occurs within the same tumor mass thought of as “microenvironmental metabolic nesting”. Furthermore, recent findings show that mutations of metabolic genes arise in the majority of tumors providing an opportunity for the development of more robust metabolic models of an individual patient’s tumor. The focus of this review is on the mechanisms governing this metabolic heterogeneity in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Patra
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Naveed Elahi
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Aaron Armorer
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Swathi Arunachalam
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Joshua Omala
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Iman Hamid
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Anthony W Ashton
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba.,Program in Cardiovascular Medicine, Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, United States
| | - David Joyce
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Xuanmao Jiao
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Richard G Pestell
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba.,Cancer Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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11
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Azzarà A, Rendeli C, Crivello AM, Brugnoletti F, Rumore R, Ausili E, Sangiorgi E, Gurrieri F. Identification of new candidate genes for spina bifida through exome sequencing. Childs Nerv Syst 2021; 37:2589-2596. [PMID: 33855610 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-021-05153-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neural tube defects are a group of birth defects caused by failure of neural tube closure during development. The etiology of NTD, requiring a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors, is not well understood. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in six trios, with a single affected proband with spina bifida, to identify rare/novel variants as potential causes of the NTD. RESULTS Our analysis identified four de novo and ten X-linked recessive variants in four of the six probands, all of them in genes previously never implicated in NTD. Among the 14 variants, we ruled out six of them, based on different criteria and pursued the evaluation of eight potential candidates in the following genes: RXRγ, DTX1, COL15A1, ARHGAP36, TKTL1, AMOT, GPR50, and NKRF. The de novo variants where located in the RXRγ, DTX1, and COL15A1 genes while ARHGAP36, TKTL1, AMOT, GPR50, and NKRF carry X-linked recessive variants. This analysis also revealed that four patients presented multiple variants, while we were unable to identify any significant variant in two patients. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary conclusion support a major role for the de novo variants with respect to the X-linked recessive variants where the X-linked could represent a contribution to the phenotype in an oligogenic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Azzarà
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e di Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia. .,Unità di Genetica Medica, Università Campus Bio-Medico, Roma, Italia.
| | - Claudia Rendeli
- Spina Bifida Center, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Anna Maria Crivello
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e di Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - Fulvia Brugnoletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e di Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - Roberto Rumore
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e di Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - Emanuele Ausili
- Spina Bifida Center, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Eugenio Sangiorgi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e di Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Fiorella Gurrieri
- Unità di Genetica Medica, Università Campus Bio-Medico, Roma, Italia
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12
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Vandyck HHLD, Hillen LM, Bosisio FM, van den Oord J, zur Hausen A, Winnepenninckx V. Rethinking the biology of metastatic melanoma: a holistic approach. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:603-624. [PMID: 33870460 PMCID: PMC8213587 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, melanoma-related mortality has remained nearly stable. The main reason is treatment failure of metastatic disease and the inherently linked knowledge gap regarding metastasis formation. In order to elicit invasion, melanoma cells manipulate the tumor microenvironment, gain motility, and adhere to the extracellular matrix and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Melanoma cells thereby express different cell adhesion molecules like laminins, integrins, N-cadherin, and others. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is physiological during embryologic development, but reactivated during malignancy. Despite not being truly epithelial, neural crest-derived malignancies like melanoma share similar biological programs that enable tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis. This complex phenomenon is termed phenotype switching and is intertwined with oncometabolism as well as dormancy escape. Additionally, it has been shown that primary melanoma shed exosomes that create a favorable premetastatic niche in the microenvironment of secondary organs and lymph nodes. Although the growing body of literature describes the aforementioned concepts separately, an integrative holistic approach is missing. Using melanoma as a tumor model, this review will shed light on these complex biological principles in an attempt to clarify the mechanistic metastatic pathways that dictate tumor and patient fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik HLD Vandyck
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, MUMC+, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa M Hillen
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, MUMC+, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca M Bosisio
- Laboratory of Translational Cell and Tissue Research (TCTR), Department of Pathology, KU Leuven and UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joost van den Oord
- Laboratory of Translational Cell and Tissue Research (TCTR), Department of Pathology, KU Leuven and UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Axel zur Hausen
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, MUMC+, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Véronique Winnepenninckx
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, MUMC+, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
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13
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Ma L, Li H, Lin Y, Wang G, Xu Q, Chen Y, Xiao K, Rao X. CircDUSP16 Contributes to Cell Development in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Regulating miR-497-5p/TKTL1 Axis. J Surg Res 2021; 260:64-75. [PMID: 33326930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vital roles of circular RNAs in human cancers have been demonstrated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the functions of circDUSP16 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) development. METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was executed for the expression levels of circDUSP16, DUSP16, miR-497-5p, and transketolase-like-1 (TKTL1) messenger RNA. Actinomycin D assay and RNase R digestion assay were used to determine the characteristics of circDUSP16. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and colony formation assay were applied for cell proliferation. Transwell assay was performed to assess cell migration and invasion. The glycolysis level was evaluated using specific kits. Protein levels were measured by Western blot assay. RNA pull-down assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay were adopted to explore the relationships among circDUSP16, miR-497-5p, and TKTL1. Murine xenograft model was used to determine the role of circDUSP16 in ESCC in vivo. RESULTS CircDUSP16 level was elevated in ESCC tissues, cells, and hypoxia-stimulated ESCC cells. Knockdown of circDUSP16 suppressed hypoxia-induced ESCC cell viability, colony formation, migration, invasion, and glycolysis. For mechanism analysis, circDUSP16 could positively regulate TKTL1 expression by sponging miR-497-5p in ESCC cells. Moreover, miR-497-5p inhibition restored the effects of circDUSP16 knockdown on the malignant behaviors of ESCC cells under hypoxia condition. MiR-497-5p overexpression suppressed hypoxia-induced ESCC cell progression by targeting TKTL1. In addition, circDUSP16 knockdown repressed the tumorigenesis of ESCC in vivo. CONCLUSIONS CircDUSP16 knockdown suppressed hypoxia-induced ESCC cell growth, invasion, and glycolysis by regulating TKTL1 expression through sponging miR-497-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yanmin Lin
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Geng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiangzhou Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Xiao
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuguang Rao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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14
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Zhu X, Xuan Z, Chen J, Li Z, Zheng S, Song P. How DNA methylation affects the Warburg effect. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2029-2041. [PMID: 32549751 PMCID: PMC7294934 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.45420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant enhancement of the glycolysis pathway is a major feature of tumor cells, even in the presence of abundant oxygen; this enhancement is known as the Warburg effect, and also called aerobic glycolysis. The Warburg effect was discovered nearly a hundred years ago, but its specific mechanism remains difficult to explain. DNA methylation is considered to be a potential trigger for the Warburg effect, as the two processes have many overlapping links during tumorigenesis. Based on a widely recognized potential mechanism of the Warburg effect, we here summarized the relationship between DNA methylation and the Warburg effect with regard to cellular energy metabolism factors, such as glycolysis related enzymes, mitochondrial function, glycolysis bypass pathways, the tumor oxygen sensing pathway and abnormal methylation conditions. We believe that clarifying the relationship between these different mechanisms may further help us understand how DNA methylation works on tumorigenesis and provide new opportunities for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxin Zhu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation.,Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019).,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zefeng Xuan
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation.,Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019).,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation.,Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019).,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zequn Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation.,Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019).,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation.,Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019).,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Penghong Song
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation.,Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019).,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
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15
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Li Y, Yao CF, Xu FJ, Qu YY, Li JT, Lin Y, Cao ZL, Lin PC, Xu W, Zhao SM, Zhao JY. APC/C CDH1 synchronizes ribose-5-phosphate levels and DNA synthesis to cell cycle progression. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2502. [PMID: 31175280 PMCID: PMC6555833 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of nucleotide building blocks prior to and during S phase facilitates DNA duplication. Herein, we find that the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) synchronizes ribose-5-phosphate levels and DNA synthesis during the cell cycle. In late G1 and S phases, transketolase-like 1 (TKTL1) is overexpressed and forms stable TKTL1-transketolase heterodimers that accumulate ribose-5-phosphate. This accumulation occurs by asymmetric production of ribose-5-phosphate from the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and prevention of ribose-5-phosphate removal by depleting transketolase homodimers. In the G2 and M phases after DNA synthesis, expression of the APC/C adaptor CDH1 allows APC/CCDH1 to degrade D-box-containing TKTL1, abrogating ribose-5-phosphate accumulation by TKTL1. TKTL1-overexpressing cancer cells exhibit elevated ribose-5-phosphate levels. The low CDH1 or high TKTL1-induced accumulation of ribose-5-phosphate facilitates nucleotide and DNA synthesis as well as cell cycle progression in a ribose-5-phosphate-saturable manner. Here we reveal that the cell cycle control machinery regulates DNA synthesis by mediating ribose-5-phosphate sufficiency. Ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) is required for DNA synthesis, but how this is regulated during cell cycle progression is unclear. Here the authors report that the cell cycle regulator APC/C-CDH1 synchronizes cell cycle progression with R5P-derived DNA synthesis by controlling TKTL1 stability
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Fang Yao
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Jiang Xu
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China.,Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Qu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Tao Li
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lin
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Lian Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Cheng Lin
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai University for Nationalities, Xining, 810007, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Min Zhao
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.
| | - Jian-Yuan Zhao
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.
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16
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Deshpande GP, Patterton HG, Faadiel Essop M. The human transketolase-like proteins TKTL1 and TKTL2 are bona fide transketolases. BMC STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 19:2. [PMID: 30646877 PMCID: PMC6334435 DOI: 10.1186/s12900-018-0099-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Three transketolase genes have been identified in the human genome to date: transketolase (TKT), transketolase-like 1 (TKTL1) and transketolase-like 2 (TKTL2). Altered TKT functionality is strongly implicated in the development of diabetes and various cancers, thus offering possible therapeutic utility. It will be of great value to know whether TKTL1 and TKTL2 are, similarly, potential therapeutic targets. However, it remains unclear whether TKTL1 and TKTL2 are functional transketolases. Results Homology modelling of TKTL1 and TKTL2 using TKT as template, revealed that both TKTL1 and TKTL2 could assume a folded structure like TKT. TKTL1/2 presented a cleft of suitable dimensions between the homodimer surfaces that could accommodate the co-factor-substrate. An appropriate cavity and a hydrophobic nodule were also present in TKTL1/2, into which the diphosphate group fitted, and that was implicated in aminopyrimidine and thiazole ring binding in TKT, respectively. The presence of several identical residues at structurally equivalent positions in TKTL1/2 and TKT identified a network of interactions between the protein and co-factor-substrate, suggesting the functional fidelity of TKTL1/2 as transketolases. Conclusions Our data support the hypothesis that TKTL1 and TKTL2 are functional transketolases and represent novel therapeutic targets for diabetes and cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12900-018-0099-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurang P Deshpande
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Room 2005, Mike De Vries Building, Merriman Avenue, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Hugh-George Patterton
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - M Faadiel Essop
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Room 2005, Mike De Vries Building, Merriman Avenue, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
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17
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Chen X, Shen LH, Gui LX, Yang F, Li J, Cao SZ, Zuo ZC, Ma XP, Deng JL, Ren ZH, Chen ZX, Yu SM. Genome-wide DNA methylation profile of prepubertal porcine testis. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 30:349-358. [PMID: 28727982 DOI: 10.1071/rd17067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological structure and function of the mammalian testis undergo important developmental changes during prepuberty and DNA methylation is dynamically regulated during testis development. In this study, we generated the first genome-wide DNA methylation profile of prepubertal porcine testis using methyl-DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) combined with high-throughput sequencing (MeDIP-seq). Over 190 million high-quality reads were generated, containing 43642 CpG islands. There was an overall downtrend of methylation during development, which was clear in promoter regions but less so in gene-body regions. We also identified thousands of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) among the three prepubertal time points (1 month, T1; 2 months, T2; 3 months, T3), the majority of which showed decreasing methylation levels over time. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed that many genes in the DMRs were linked with cell proliferation and some important pathways in porcine testis development. Our data suggest that DNA methylation plays an important role in prepubertal development of porcine testis, with an obvious downtrend of methylation levels from T1 to T3. Overall, our study provides a foundation for future studies and gives new insights into mammalian testis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Liu-Hong Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Li-Xuan Gui
- OnMath Science and Technology Limited Company, No. 500 Tianfu Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Fang Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Sui-Zhong Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhi-Cai Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jun-Liang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhong-Xu Chen
- OnMath Science and Technology Limited Company, No. 500 Tianfu Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Shu-Min Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
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18
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Millares L, Barreiro E, Cortes R, Martinez-Romero A, Balcells C, Cascante M, Enguita AB, Alvarez C, Rami-Porta R, Sánchez de Cos J, Seijo L, Monsó E. Tumor-associated metabolic and inflammatory responses in early stage non-small cell lung cancer: Local patterns and prognostic significance. Lung Cancer 2018; 122:124-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Dhungel B, Andrzejewski S, Jayachandran A, Shrestha R, Ramlogan-Steel CA, Layton CJ, Steel JC. Evaluation of the Glypican 3 promoter for transcriptional targeting of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gene Ther 2018; 25:115-128. [DOI: 10.1038/s41434-018-0002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Chüeh AC, Liew MS, Russell PA, Walkiewicz M, Jayachandran A, Starmans MH, Boutros PC, Wright G, Barnett SA, Mariadason JM, John T. Promoter hypomethylation of NY-ESO-1, association with clinicopathological features and PD-L1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74036-74048. [PMID: 29088766 PMCID: PMC5650321 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-Testis antigens (CTA) are immunogenic molecules with normal tissue expression restricted to testes but with aberrant expression in up to 30% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Regulation of CTA expression is mediated in part through promoter DNA methylation. Recently, immunotherapy has altered treatment paradigms in NSCLC. Given its immunogenicity and ability to be re-expressed through demethylation, NY-ESO-1 promoter methylation, protein expression and its association with programmed death receptor ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression and clinicopathological features were investigated. Lung cancer cell line demethylation resulting from 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment was associated with both NY-ESO-1 and PD-L1 re-expression in vitro but not increased chemosensitivity. NY-ESO-1 hypomethylation was observed in 15/94 (16%) of patient samples and associated with positive protein expression (P < 0.0001). In contrast, PD-L1 expression was observed in 50/91 (55%) but strong expression in only 12/91 (13%) cases. There was no association between NY-ESO-1 and PD-L1 expression, despite resultant re-expression of both by 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Importantly, NY-ESO-1 hypomethylation was found to be an independent marker of poor prognosis in patients not treated with chemotherapy (HR 3.59, P = 0.003) in multivariate analysis. In patients treated with chemotherapy there were no differences in survival associated with NY-ESO-1 hypomethylation. Collectively, these results provided supporting evidence for the potential use of NY-ESO-1 hypomethylation as a prognostic biomarker in stage 3 NSCLCs. In addition, these data highlight the potential to incorporate demethylating agents to enhance immune activation, in tumours currently devoid of immune infiltrates and expression of immune checkpoint genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderly C. Chüeh
- 1 Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Victoria, Australia
- 2 Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mun-Sem Liew
- 1 Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Victoria, Australia
- 2 Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- 3 Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Prudence A. Russell
- 4 Department of Anatomical Pathology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marzena Walkiewicz
- 1 Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Victoria, Australia
- 3 Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aparna Jayachandran
- 1 Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Victoria, Australia
- 3 Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
- 5 School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maud H.W. Starmans
- 6 Informatics and Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul C. Boutros
- 6 Informatics and Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
- 7 Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- 8 Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gavin Wright
- 9 Department of Thoracic Oncology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen A Barnett
- 10 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John M. Mariadason
- 1 Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Victoria, Australia
- 2 Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- 3 Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
- 5 School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas John
- 1 Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Victoria, Australia
- 2 Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- 3 Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Wang Z, McGlynn KA, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Bishop DT, Chung C, Dalgaard MD, Greene MH, Gupta R, Grotmol T, Haugen TB, Karlsson R, Litchfield K, Mitra N, Nielsen K, Pyle LC, Schwartz SM, Thorsson V, Vardhanabhuti S, Wiklund F, Turnbull C, Chanock SJ, Kanetsky PA, Nathanson KL. Meta-analysis of five genome-wide association studies identifies multiple new loci associated with testicular germ cell tumor. Nat Genet 2017; 49:1141-1147. [PMID: 28604732 PMCID: PMC5490654 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The international Testicular Cancer Consortium (TECAC) combined five published genome-wide association studies of testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT; 3,558 cases and 13,970 controls) to identify new susceptibility loci. We conducted a fixed-effects meta-analysis, including, to our knowledge, the first analysis of the X chromosome. Eight new loci mapping to 2q14.2, 3q26.2, 4q35.2, 7q36.3, 10q26.13, 15q21.3, 15q22.31, and Xq28 achieved genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8). Most loci harbor biologically plausible candidate genes. We refined previously reported associations at 9p24.3 and 19p12 by identifying one and three additional independent SNPs, respectively. In aggregate, the 39 independent markers identified to date explain 37% of father-to-son familial risk, 8% of which can be attributed to the 12 new signals reported here. Our findings substantially increase the number of known TGCT susceptibility alleles, move the field closer to a comprehensive understanding of the underlying genetic architecture of TGCT, and provide further clues to the etiology of TGCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katherine A. McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ewa Rajpert-De Meyts
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D. Timothy Bishop
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Charles Chung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marlene D. Dalgaard
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center of Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mark H. Greene
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ramneek Gupta
- Center of Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Trine B. Haugen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kevin Litchfield
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Nandita Mitra
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kasper Nielsen
- Center of Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Louise C. Pyle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Human Genetics and Metabolism, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia 19104, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Saran Vardhanabhuti
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clare Turnbull
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Genomics England, London, UK
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter A. Kanetsky
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Katherine L. Nathanson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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22
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EDIM-TKTL1/Apo10 Blood Test: An Innate Immune System Based Liquid Biopsy for the Early Detection, Characterization and Targeted Treatment of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040878. [PMID: 28425973 PMCID: PMC5412459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epitope detection in monocytes (EDIM) represents a liquid biopsy exploiting the innate immune system. Activated monocytes (macrophages) phagocytose unwanted cells/cell fragments from the whole body including solid tissues. As they return to the blood, macrophages can be used for a non-invasive detection of biomarkers, thereby providing high sensitivity and specificity, because the intracellular presence of biomarkers is due to an innate immune response. Flow cytometry analysis of blood enables the detection of macrophages and phagocytosed intracellular biomarkers. In order to establish a pan-cancer test, biomarkers for two fundamental biophysical mechanisms have been exploited. The DNaseX/Apo10 protein epitope is a characteristic of tumor cells with abnormal apoptosis and proliferation. Transketolase-like 1 (TKTL1) is a marker for an anaerobic glucose metabolism (Warburg effect), which is concomitant with invasive growth/metastasis and resistant to radical and apoptosis inducing therapies. The detection of Apo10 and TKTL1 in blood macrophages allowed a sensitive (95.8%) and specific (97.3%) detection of prostate, breast and oral squamous cell carcinomas. Since TKTL1 represents a drugable target, the EDIM based detection of TKTL1 enables a targeted cancer therapy using the vitamin derivatives oxythiamine or benfo-oxythiamine.
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23
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Burrai GP, Tanca A, Cubeddu T, Abbondio M, Polinas M, Addis MF, Antuofermo E. A first immunohistochemistry study of transketolase and transketolase-like 1 expression in canine hyperplastic and neoplastic mammary lesions. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:38. [PMID: 28143530 PMCID: PMC5282725 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-0961-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine mammary tumors represent the most common neoplasm in female dogs, and the discovery of cancer biomarkers and their translation to clinical relevant assays is a key requirement in the war on cancer. Since the description of the ‘Warburg effect’, the reprogramming of metabolic pathways is considered a hallmark of pathological changes in cancer cells. In this study, we investigate the expression of two cancer-related metabolic enzymes, transketolase (TKT) and transketolase-like 1 (TKTL1), involved in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), an alternative metabolic pathway for glucose breakdown that could promote cancer by providing the precursors and energy required for rapidly growing cells. Results TKT and TKTL1 protein expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in canine normal (N = 6) and hyperplastic glands (N = 3), as well as in benign (N = 11) and malignant mammary tumors (N = 17). TKT expression was higher in hyperplastic lesions and in both benign and malignant tumors compared to the normal mammary gland, while TKTL1 levels were remarkably higher in hyperplastic lesions, simple adenomas and simple carcinomas than in the normal mammary glands (P < 0.05). Conclusions This study reveals that the expression of a key PPP enzyme varies along the evolution of canine mammary neoplastic lesions, and supports a role of metabolic changes in the development of canine mammary tumors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-0961-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pietro Burrai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tanca
- Porto Conte Ricerche, S.P. 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia Km 8.400, Loc, 07041, Tramariglio, Alghero, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cubeddu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marcello Abbondio
- Porto Conte Ricerche, S.P. 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia Km 8.400, Loc, 07041, Tramariglio, Alghero, Italy
| | - Marta Polinas
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Filippa Addis
- Porto Conte Ricerche, S.P. 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia Km 8.400, Loc, 07041, Tramariglio, Alghero, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Antuofermo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
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24
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Brown JS. Cancer Immune Equilibrium and Schizophrenia Have Similar Interferon-γ, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, and Interleukin Expression: A Tumor Model of Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:1407-1417. [PMID: 27169466 PMCID: PMC5049534 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
For at least a century, a debate has continued as to whether cancer risk is reduced in schizophrenia. Genetic studies have also suggested the 2 conditions may share protein transcriptional pathways. The author predicted that if the pathophysiology of schizophrenia confers protection from cancer, then the immunology of schizophrenia should reflect a state of tumor suppression, ie, the opposite of tumor escape. To examine this possibility, the author performed a literature search for measurements of cytokines in drug-naïve first episode subjects with schizophrenia for comparison with cytokine expression in tumor escape vs tumor suppression. The comparison showed that instead of either tumor suppression or escape, schizophrenia appears to be in a state of tumor equilibrium. Based on this finding, the author hypothesized that the clinical presentation of schizophrenia may involve cell transformation similar to an early stage of cancer initiation or an attenuated tumorigenesis. While this condition could reflect the presence of an actual tumor such as an ovarian teratoma causing anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, it would only explain a small percentage of cases. To find a more likely tumor model, the author then compared the cytokine profile of schizophrenia to individual cancers and found the best match was melanoma. To demonstrate the viability of the theory, the author compared the hallmarks, emerging hallmarks, and enabling characteristics of melanoma to schizophrenia and found that many findings in schizophrenia are understood if schizophrenia is a condition of attenuated tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
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25
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Tsaur I, Thurn K, Juengel E, Oppermann E, Nelson K, Thomas C, Bartsch G, Oremek GM, Haferkamp A, Rubenwolf P, Blaheta RA. Evaluation of TKTL1 as a biomarker in serum of prostate cancer patients. Cent European J Urol 2016; 69:247-251. [PMID: 27729989 PMCID: PMC5057049 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2016.820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Monocyte associated transketolase-like 1 (TKTL1) as a cancer biomarker has become popular with alternative practitioners, but plays no role in conventional medicine. This investigation evaluates the potential of serum TKTL1 as a biomarker for prostate cancer. Material and methods Patients (n = 66) undergoing curative radical prostatectomy (RPE) for biopsy-pro-ven PCa were included in the study. Controls (n = 10) were healthy, age-matched, male volunteers. 10 ml of peripheral blood was drawn from patients several days before surgery and from controls. Serum TKTL1 was measured using the ELISA method. Results The median age at tumor diagnosis was 66 years and median serum PSA was 8.0 ng/ml. Nearly 96% of PCas submitted to surgery were clinically significant. Compared to healthy controls, serum TKTL1 was significantly lower in PCa patients (p = 0.0001, effect size indicator r = Z/sqr(n) = 0.4179). No correlation was apparent between serum TKTL1 and serum PSA, Gleason sum, tumor stage or further clinical and pathologic parameters. Conclusions Reduced serum TKTL1 in PCa patients stands in opposition to TKTL1 epitope detection in monocytes (EDIM) based studies, whereby increased TKTL1 in monocytes of tumor patients has been reported. Since serum TKTL1 does not correlate with clinical parameters in the current investigation, further research is needed to clarify whether serum TKTL1 has potential as a biomarker for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Tsaur
- Mainz University Medical Center, Department of Urology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristina Thurn
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department of Urology, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Eva Juengel
- Mainz University Medical Center, Department of Urology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elsie Oppermann
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department of Surgery, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Karen Nelson
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Thomas
- Mainz University Medical Center, Department of Urology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Georg Bartsch
- Mainz University Medical Center, Department of Urology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerhard M Oremek
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Mainz University Medical Center, Department of Urology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Rubenwolf
- Vitalicum Urology Outpatient Unit, Frankfurt, Germany; contributed equally as senior authors
| | - Roman A Blaheta
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department of Urology, Frankfurt, Germany; contributed equally as senior authors
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