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Silva Medeiros M, Botelho de Carvalho LA, Alves M, Papoila A, Baptista Carreira Dos Santos HM, Capelo-Martínez JL, Viegas de Campos Pinheiro LM. Low Cubilin/Myeloperoxidase ratio as a promising biomarker for prognosis of high-grade T1 bladder cancer. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:2577-2587. [PMID: 38530585 PMCID: PMC11266244 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-024-03971-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE T1 bladder cancer is known for its high progression and recurrence rates. Identifying aggressive tumours at the non-muscle-invasive stage is crucial to allow early interventions and subsequently increase patient survival. This study aimed to investigate the potential of the cubilin/myeloperoxidase (CUBN/MPO) ratio as a high-grade T1 bladder cancer biomarker. METHODS Urine samples were collected from 30 patients who underwent transurethral resection of the tumour with high-grade T1 bladder cancer (June 2015 to December 2019) before surgery. The urinary proteome was analysed using high-resolution mass spectrometry and the CUBN/MPO ratio was calculated. The primary outcome was the recurrence during the follow-up (around 31.5 months after resection). Univariate Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier curves were used for data analysis. RESULTS Patients with a low CUBN/MPO ratio exhibited upregulated MPO and/or downregulated CUBN. This group of patients had a higher incidence of disease recurrence and progression. Low CUBN/MPO ratio was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of recurrence, progression, and death. It is worth noting that this study was exploratory and conducted on a small sample size, so further research is needed to validate these findings in larger cohorts. CONCLUSION This study highlights the potential of the CUBN/MPO ratio as a prognostic biomarker for high-grade T1 bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Alves
- Epidemiology and Statistics Unit, Research Centre, Central Lisbon University Hospital Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Papoila
- Epidemiology and Statistics Unit, Research Centre, Central Lisbon University Hospital Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
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2
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Carvalho LB, Martínez JLC, Lodeiro C, Bento R, Dhir R, Morrissey JJ, Pinheiro LC, Medeiros M, Santos HM. Biochemical network analysis of protein-protein interactions to follow-up T1 bladder cancer patients. J Proteomics 2023; 278:104865. [PMID: 36870676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is a prevalent disease with a high risk of aggressive recurrence in T1-stage patients. Despite the efforts to anticipate recurrence, a reliable method has yet to be developed. In this work, we employed high-resolution mass spectrometry to compare the urinary proteome of T1-stage BCa patients with recurring versus non-recurring disease to uncover actionable clinical information predicting recurrence. All patients were diagnosed with T1-stage bladder cancer between the ages of 51 and 91, and urine samples were collected before medical intervention. Our results suggest that the urinary myeloperoxidase to cubilin ratio could be used as a new tool for predicting recurrence and that dysregulation of the inflammatory and immune systems may be a key driver of disease worsening. Furthermore, we identified neutrophil degranulation and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as key pathways in the progression of T1-stage BCa. We propose that proteomics follow-up of the inflammatory and immune systems may be useful for monitoring the effectiveness of therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: This article describes how proteomics can be used to characterize tumor aggressiveness in patients with the same diagnosis of bladder cancer (BCa). LC-MS/MS in combination with label free quantification (LFQ) were used to explore potential protein and pathway level changes related to the aggressiveness of the disease in 13 and 17 recurring and non-recurring T1 stage BCa patients. We have shown that the MPO/CUBN protein ratio is a candidate for a urine prognosis tool in BCa. Furthermore, we identify dysregulation of inflammation process as a driver for BCa recurrence and progression. Moreover, we propose using proteomics to track the effectiveness of therapy in the inflammatory and immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís B Carvalho
- BIOSCOPE Research Group, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal; PROTEOMASS Scientific Society, Madan Parque, Rua dos Inventores, Caparica 2825-182, Portugal
| | - José Luis Capelo Martínez
- BIOSCOPE Research Group, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal; PROTEOMASS Scientific Society, Madan Parque, Rua dos Inventores, Caparica 2825-182, Portugal
| | - Carlos Lodeiro
- BIOSCOPE Research Group, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal; PROTEOMASS Scientific Society, Madan Parque, Rua dos Inventores, Caparica 2825-182, Portugal
| | - Rafael Bento
- BIOSCOPE Research Group, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal; PROTEOMASS Scientific Society, Madan Parque, Rua dos Inventores, Caparica 2825-182, Portugal
| | - Rajiv Dhir
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeremiah J Morrissey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Clinical and Translational Research, School of Medicine and Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Luis Campos Pinheiro
- Urology Department, Central Lisbon Hospital Center, Lisbon, Portugal.; NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana Medeiros
- Urology Department, Central Lisbon Hospital Center, Lisbon, Portugal.; NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hugo M Santos
- BIOSCOPE Research Group, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal; PROTEOMASS Scientific Society, Madan Parque, Rua dos Inventores, Caparica 2825-182, Portugal; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Morato NM, Brown HM, Garcia D, Middlebrooks EH, Jentoft M, Chaichana K, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Cooks RG. High-throughput analysis of tissue microarrays using automated desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18851. [PMID: 36344609 PMCID: PMC9640715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22924-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue microarrays (TMAs) are commonly used for the rapid analysis of large numbers of tissue samples, often in morphological assessments but increasingly in spectroscopic analysis, where specific molecular markers are targeted via immunostaining. Here we report the use of an automated high-throughput system based on desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry (MS) for the rapid generation and online analysis of high-density (6144 samples/array) TMAs, at rates better than 1 sample/second. Direct open-air analysis of tissue samples (hundreds of nanograms) not subjected to prior preparation, plus the ability to provide molecular characterization by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), make this experiment versatile and applicable to both targeted and untargeted analysis in a label-free manner. These capabilities are demonstrated in a proof-of-concept study of frozen brain tissue biopsies where we showcase (i) a targeted MS/MS application aimed at identification of isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation in glioma samples and (ii) an untargeted MS tissue type classification using lipid profiles and correlation with tumor cell percentage estimates from histopathology. The small sample sizes and large sample numbers accessible with this methodology make for a powerful analytical system that facilitates the identification of molecular markers for later use in intraoperative applications to guide precision surgeries and ultimately improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás M. Morato
- grid.169077.e0000 0004 1937 2197Department of Chemistry, Purdue Center for Cancer Research, and Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Hannah Marie Brown
- grid.169077.e0000 0004 1937 2197Department of Chemistry, Purdue Center for Cancer Research, and Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Present Address: Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Diogo Garcia
- grid.417467.70000 0004 0443 9942Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | - Erik H. Middlebrooks
- grid.417467.70000 0004 0443 9942Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL USA ,grid.417467.70000 0004 0443 9942Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | - Mark Jentoft
- grid.417467.70000 0004 0443 9942Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | - Kaisorn Chaichana
- grid.417467.70000 0004 0443 9942Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | | | - R. Graham Cooks
- grid.169077.e0000 0004 1937 2197Department of Chemistry, Purdue Center for Cancer Research, and Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
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4
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Tumor-Suppressive and Oncogenic Roles of microRNA-149-5p in Human Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810823. [PMID: 36142734 PMCID: PMC9501226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors are always a critical threat to human health, with complex pathogenesis, numerous causative factors, and poor prognosis. The features of cancers, such as gene mutations, epigenetic alterations, and the activation and inhibition of signaling pathways in the organism, play important roles in tumorigenesis and prognosis. MicroRNA (miRNA) enables the control of various molecular mechanisms and plays a variety of roles in human cancers, such as radiation sensitivity and tumor immunity, through the regulation of target genes. MiR-149-5p participates in the process and is closely related to lipogenesis, the migration of vascular endothelial cells, and the expression of stem-cell-related proteins. In recent years, its role in cancer has dramatically increased. In this review, we summarize the regular physiological roles of miRNAs, specifically miR-149-5p, in the organism and discuss the tumor-suppressive or oncogenic roles of miR-149-5p in different human cancers with respect to signaling pathways involved in regulation. Possible clinical applications of miR-149-5p in future targeted therapies and prognosis improvement in oncology are suggested.
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5
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Chen C, Yang RX, Zhang JX, Xu HG. Construction and validation of a prognostic model for kidney renal clear cell carcinoma based on podocyte-associated genes. Cancer Med 2022; 11:3549-3562. [PMID: 35373928 PMCID: PMC9554457 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As the most common renal malignancy, kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) has a high prevalence and death rate as well as a poor response to treatment. Developing an efficient prognostic model is essential for accurately predicting the outcome and therapeutic benefit of KIRC patients. Methods Gene expression profiles of podocyte‐associated genes (PAGs) were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and GEO datasets. Cox regression and Lasso regression analyses were then used for filtering prognosis‐associated PAGs. Risk score (RS) was computed from these genetic characteristics. Kaplan–Meier analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied for ascertaining the prognostic value. Stratified analysis was used to sufficiently validate model performance. Concordance index was used to compare the predictive ability of different models. Immuno‐infiltration analysis and immunophenoscore were utilized for the prediction of patient reaction to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Results WT1, ANLN, CUBN, OSGEP, and RHOA were significantly associated with KIRC prognosis. Prognostic analysis indicated that high‐RS patients have a significantly poorer outcome. Cox regression analysis demonstrated a potential for RS to be an independent prognostic factor. Pathway enrichment results indicated a lower enrichment of cancer‐related biological pathways in the low‐RS subgroup. Immune infiltration analysis and IPS demonstrated greater responsiveness to ICIs in the high RS group. Conclusions This podocyte‐associated KIRC prognostic model can effectively predict KIRC prognosis and immunotherapy response, which may help to provide clinicians with more effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui-Xia Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie-Xin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua-Guo Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Kozyraki R, Verroust P, Cases O. Cubilin, the intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 receptor. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 119:65-119. [PMID: 35337634 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cubilin (CUBN), the intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 receptor is a large endocytic protein involved in various physiological functions: vitamin B12 uptake in the gut; reabsorption of albumin and maturation of vitamin D in the kidney; nutrient delivery during embryonic development. Cubilin is an atypical receptor, peripherally associated to the plasma membrane. The transmembrane proteins amnionless (AMN) and Lrp2/Megalin are the currently known molecular partners contributing to plasma membrane transport and internalization of Cubilin. The role of Cubilin/Amn complex in the handling of vitamin B12 in health and disease has extensively been studied and so is the role of the Cubilin-Lrp2 tandem in renal pathophysiology. Accumulating evidence strongly supports a role of Cubilin in some developmental defects including impaired closure of the neural tube. Are these defects primarily caused by the dysfunction of a specific Cubilin ligand or are they secondary to impaired vitamin B12 or protein uptake? We will present the established Cubilin functions, discuss the developmental data and provide an overview of the emerging implications of Cubilin in the field of cardiovascular disease and cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kozyraki
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Pierre Verroust
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Cases
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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7
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Gu J, Yue H, Wang C, Zhang H, Hu W, Zhang Z. Vitamin D pathway gene variation rs3740165 is associated with serological uric acid levels in healthy Chinese women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1059964. [PMID: 36583005 PMCID: PMC9792855 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1059964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the relationship between gene polymorphisms involved in the vitamin D metabolic pathway and serum uric acid (UA) levels in Chinese women. METHODS Fifteen key genes within the vitamin D metabolic pathway were screened using 96 single nucleotide polymorphisms in a group of 1,206 (37.96 ± 13.08 years) unrelated healthy Chinese women (aged 20-85 years). Blood and urine tests were performed at the same time. The Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test was used to compare groups aged ≤50 years and >50 years. The mean serum UA values were computed within each group of homozygous referent, heterozygous, and homozygous variant genotypes for each single nucleotide polymorphism. RESULTS The exclusion process left 1,169 participants (38.16 ± 13.13 years) for analysis. One single nucleotide polymorphism in the CUBN gene (rs3740165) was identified as being significantly associated with serum UA levels in the group aged over 50 years. The wild type (C/C) population had higher serum UA levels in this group (P<0.001). In women aged over 50 years, allele C was associated with a higher risk of hyperuricemia than allele T (odds ratio 2.752, 95% confidence interval 1.458-5.192; P = 0.002). There was also a higher risk of hyperuricemia in genotype TC + CC compared with genotype TT (odds ratio 3.326, 95% confidence interval 1.513-7.313; P = 0.003) in women over 50 years of age. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the CUBN gene contributes to variability in serum UA levels in healthy Chinese Han women over 50 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemei Gu
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Yue
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenlin Zhang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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8
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Ren FJ, Yao Y, Cai XY, Cai YT, Su Q, Fang GY. MiR-149-5p: An Important miRNA Regulated by Competing Endogenous RNAs in Diverse Human Cancers. Front Oncol 2021; 11:743077. [PMID: 34722295 PMCID: PMC8554335 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.743077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) consist of a large family of small, non-coding RNAs with the ability to result in gene silencing post-transcriptionally. With recent advances in research technology over the past several years, the physiological and pathological potentials of miRNAs have been gradually uncovered. MiR-149-5p, a conserved miRNA, was found to regulate physiological processes, such as inflammatory response, adipogenesis and cell proliferation. Notably, increasing studies indicate miR-149-5p may act as an important regulator in solid tumors, especially cancers in reproductive system and digestive system. It has been acknowledged that miR-149-5p can function as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in different cancers, which is achieved by controlling a variety of genes expression and adjusting downstream signaling pathway. Moreover, the levels of miR-149-5p are influenced by several newly discovered long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs). However, there is blank about systematic function and mechanism of miR-149-5p in human cancers. In this review, we firstly summarize the present comprehension of miR-149-5p at the molecular level, its vital role in tumor initiation and progression, as well as its potential roles in monitoring diverse reproductive and digestive malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-jia Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Women’s Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-yu Cai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-ting Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Guo-ying Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Hangzhou, China
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Tse RTH, Zhao H, Wong CYP, Chiu PKF, Teoh JYC, Ng CF. Current status of organoid culture in urological malignancy. Int J Urol 2021; 29:102-113. [PMID: 34643976 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Urological cancers are common malignancies worldwide. Several conventional models, for example, two-dimensional cell culture and animal models have been used for decades to study tumor genetics. Nonetheless, these methods have limitations in reflecting the real tumor microenvironment in vivo, thereby hindering the development of anti-cancer therapeutic agents. Recently, three-dimensional culture models have gained attention because they can overcome the drawbacks of traditional methods. Above all, three-dimensional organoid models are able to mimic the tumor microenvironment in human bodies more closely as they are able to demonstrate the interactions between cells and extracellular matrix. This type of model has therefore extended our understanding of urological cancers. Tumor cells in organoid models can also be co-cultured with other cellular components, such as peripheral blood lymphocytes, and allow further understanding of the effect of tumor microenvironments on tumor growth. Furthermore, organoid models allow a prolonged culturing period, therefore, tumor evolution, progression and maintenance can also be assessed. Organoid models can be derived from each specific patient, and this facilitates investigation of individual cancer-specific mutations and their subtypes. As a result, the development of personalized medication targeting the signaling pathways or biomolecules of interest will be possible. In the present review, we summarize the development and applications of three-dimensional organoid cultures in urological cancers, mainly focusing on prostate, urinary bladder and kidney cancers, and assess the future prospects of this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Tsz-Hei Tse
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongda Zhao
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christine Yim-Ping Wong
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peter Ka-Fung Chiu
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Fai Ng
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Xu J, Lu W. CircSPIDR acts as a tumour suppressor in cervical adenocarcinoma by sponging miR-431-5p and regulating SORCS1 and CUBN expression. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:18340-18359. [PMID: 34326275 PMCID: PMC8351706 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
To identify circular RNAs (circRNAs) with tumor suppressor activity against cervical adenocarcinoma, we compared the circRNA levels of cervical adenocarcinoma and normal cervical tissues. We found that circSPIDR was dramatically downregulated in cervical adenocarcinoma tissues. In cervical adenocarcinoma cells, overexpression of circSPIDR reduced cell viability, inhibited colony formation and promoted apoptosis, whereas knockdown of circSPIDR exerted the opposite effects. CircSPIDR overexpression also suppressed the tumorigenicity of cervical adenocarcinoma cells in a xenograft mouse model. CircSPIDR was found to sponge miR-431-5p, thereby de-repressing sortin-related VPS10 domain-containing receptor 1 (SORCS1) and cubilin (CUBN) and inhibiting the development of cervical adenocarcinoma. In clinical cervical samples, circSPIDR expression correlated negatively with miR-431-5p expression and positively with SORCS1 and CUBN expression. These results demonstrated that circSPIDR suppresses cervical adenocarcinoma by competitively binding to miR-431-5p, thus upregulating SORCS1 and CUBN. These findings suggest circSPIDR could serve as a novel therapeutic target for treatment of cervical adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfen Xu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiguo Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China
- Center of Uterine Cancer Diagnosis & Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Flores J, Takvorian PM, Weiss LM, Cali A, Gao N. Human microsporidian pathogen Encephalitozoon intestinalis impinges on enterocyte membrane trafficking and signaling. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs253757. [PMID: 33589497 PMCID: PMC7938802 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.253757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are a large phylum of obligate intracellular parasites. Approximately a dozen species of microsporidia infect humans, where they are responsible for a variety of diseases and occasionally death, especially in immunocompromised individuals. To better understand the impact of microsporidia on human cells, we infected human colonic Caco2 cells with Encephalitozoon intestinalis, and showed that these enterocyte cultures can be used to recapitulate the life cycle of the parasite, including the spread of infection with infective spores. Using transmission electron microscopy, we describe this lifecycle and demonstrate nuclear, mitochondrial and microvillar alterations by this pathogen. We also analyzed the transcriptome of infected cells to reveal host cell signaling alterations upon infection. These high-resolution imaging and transcriptional profiling analysis shed light on the impact of the microsporidial infection on its primary human target cell type.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Flores
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Peter M Takvorian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Louis M Weiss
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Ann Cali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
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12
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Ren X, Liang S, Li Y, Ji Y, Li L, Qin C, Fang K. ENAM gene associated with T classification and inhibits proliferation in renal clear cell carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7035-7051. [PMID: 33539322 PMCID: PMC7993715 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The potential involvement of T classification-related genes in renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) must be further explored. Public data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. An overall survival (OS) predictive model was developed and validated (TCGA train, 5 years, AUC = 0.73, 3 years, AUC = 0.73, 1 year, AUC = 0.76; TCGA test, 5 years, AUC = 0.74, 3 years, AUC = 0.65, 1 year, AUC = 0.73; TCGA all, 5 years, AUC = 0.72, 3 years, AUC = 0.71, 1 year, AUC = 0.75). Finally, ENAM was selected for further analysis. In vitro experiment indicated that ENMA is downregulated in ccRCC, and its knockdown could promote proliferation in two cancer cell lines (OSRC-2 and SW839). Immune infiltration analysis revealed that ENAM could remarkably increase the content of cytotoxic cells, NK CD56 cells, NK cells and CD8+ T cells in the tumor immune microenvironment, which may be one reason for its tumor-inhibiting effect. In summary, ENAM may suppress cell proliferation in ccRCC and can be used as a potential reference value for the relief and immunotherapy of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shengjie Liang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Huinan, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Huinan, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Yisheng Ji
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lin Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chao Qin
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Kai Fang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Huinan, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, China
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Zhang R, Zhang W, Xu B, Lv C, Hou J, Zhang G. Long intergenic non-coding RNA 1939 eliminates proliferation and migration of human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells by down-regulation of miR-154. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 48:695-702. [PMID: 32138544 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2020.1725024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Renal carcinoma (RCC) is widely accepted as a malignant tumour of urinary system. Long intergenic non-coding RNA 1939 (LINC01939) is a novel lncRNA which was found to be down-regulated in RCC. Thus, we set out to explore the effect and regulation mechanism of LINC01939 in RCC. LINC01939 and miR-154 in RCC tissues and cell lines were detected using qRT-PCR assay. To examine cellular viability of ACHN and CAKI-1 cells, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was exploited here. Flow cytometric analysis was conducted to examine apoptosis. Cell mobility was valued through wound healing assays. Western blotting was applied for examination of proteins related to proliferation, apoptosis, migration and Wnt/β-catenin/Notch. LINC01939 was down-regulated in RCC tissues. LINC01939 overexpression impeded proliferation and migration, and induced apoptosis. Further study found that the overexpression of LINC01939 strongly suppressed miR-154 expression. Then, the inhibiting effect of overexpressed LINC01939 on proliferation and mobility and the promoting role of LINC01939 in apoptosis were abolished by the combination of miR-154 mimic. Finally, we found that overexpressed LINC01939 inactivated Wnt/β-catenin and Notch through suppressing miR-154. Up-regulation of LINC01939 inhibited proliferation and migration of RCC cells by down-regulating miR-154.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyuan Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baocai Xu
- Department of Urology, Jining No, 1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Chuan Lv
- Department of Urology, Jining No, 1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Jianquan Hou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangbo Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, Jiangsu, China
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Wu Y, Xu Y. Bioinformatics for The Prognostic Value and Function of Cubilin (CUBN) in Colorectal Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e922447. [PMID: 33235183 PMCID: PMC7702664 DOI: 10.12659/msm.922447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cubilin (CUBN) gene was reported to be a novel risk variant for colorectal cancer (CRC). Previous studies have shown that germline variants in known cancer driver genes are predictive of patient outcome, but no study has systematically analyzed CRC to identify CUBN that can predict patient outcome and function by using bioinformatics. Material/Methods The association in expression, clinicopathological parameters, and survival were analyzed by using Oncomine, UNCLA, and GEPIA, while CUBN alterations and related functional networks were identified using cBioPortal. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways (KEGG) of CUBN in CRC were explored by using LinkOmics. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) examined target networks of kinases, miRNAs, and transcription factors. Results We found that CUBN was overexpressed in CRC. Patients who were in advanced TNM stage tended to express higher CUBN mRNA levels, while those who received radiotherapy tended to express relatively lower CUBN mRNA levels. Higher expression of CUBN was found to be associated with shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Moreover, functional networks analysis suggested that CUBN can regulate mismatch repair, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, base excision repair, and proteasome via vitamin digestion and absorption pathway to influence CRC occurrence. Conclusions These findings suggested that CUBN could serve as a prognostic and therapeutic biomarker of CRC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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Xie L, Li H, Zhang L, Ma X, Dang Y, Guo J, Liu J, Ge L, Nan F, Dong H, Yan Z, Guo X. Autophagy-related gene P4HB: a novel diagnosis and prognosis marker for kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:1828-1842. [PMID: 32003756 PMCID: PMC7053637 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy can protect cells and organisms from stressors such as nutrient deprivation, and is involved in many pathological processes including human cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the role of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in cancer. In this study, we investigated the gene expression of 222 ARGs in 1048 Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (KIRC) cases, from 5 independent cohorts. The gene expression of ARGs were first evaluated in the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) by Recevier Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis to select potential biomarkers with extremely high ability in KIRC detection (AUC≥0.85 and p<0.0001). Then in silico procedure progressively leads to the selection of two genes in a three rounds of validation performed in four human KIRC-patients datasets including two independent Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, Oncomine dataset and Human Protein Atlas dataset. Finally, only P4HB (Prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta polypeptide) gene was experimentally validated by RT-PCR between control kidney cells and cancer cells. Following univariate and multivariate analyses of TCGA-KIRC clinical data showed that P4HB expression is an independent prognostic indicator of unfavorable overall survival (OS) for KIRC patients. Based on these findings, we proposed that P4HB might be one potential novel KIRC diagnostic and prognostic biomarker at both mRNA and protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longxiang Xie
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yifang Dang
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jinshuai Guo
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Linna Ge
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Fangmei Nan
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Huan Dong
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhongyi Yan
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiangqian Guo
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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RNA Sequencing of Collecting Duct Renal Cell Carcinoma Suggests an Interaction between miRNA and Target Genes and a Predominance of Deregulated Solute Carrier Genes. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010064. [PMID: 31878355 PMCID: PMC7017122 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) is a rare renal cell carcinoma subtype with a very poor prognosis. There have been only a few studies on gene expression analysis in CDCs. We compared the gene expression profiles of two CDC cases with those of eight normal tissues of renal cell carcinoma patients. At a threshold of |log2fold-change| ≥1, 3349 genes were upregulated and 1947 genes were downregulated in CDCs compared to the normal samples. Pathway analysis of the deregulated genes revealed that cancer pathways and cell cycle pathways were most prominent in CDCs. The most upregulated gene was keratin 17, and the most downregulated gene was cubilin. Among the most downregulated genes were four solute carrier genes (SLC3A1, SLC9A3, SLC26A7, and SLC47A1). The strongest negative correlations between miRNAs and mRNAs were found between the downregulated miR-374b-5p and its upregulated target genes HIST1H3B, HK2, and SLC7A11 and between upregulated miR-26b-5p and its downregulated target genes PPARGC1A, ALDH6A1, and MARC2. An upregulation of HK2 and a downregulation of PPARGC1A, ALDH6A1, and MARC2 were observed at the protein level. Survival analysis of the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) dataset showed for the first time that low gene expression of MARC2, cubilin, and SLC47A1 and high gene expression of KRT17 are associated with poor overall survival in clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients. Altogether, we identified dysregulated protein-coding genes, potential miRNA-target interactions, and prognostic markers that could be associated with CDC.
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Comprehensive Profiling of Primary and Metastatic ccRCC Reveals a High Homology of the Metastases to a Subregion of the Primary Tumour. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060812. [PMID: 31212796 PMCID: PMC6628027 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While intratumour genetic heterogeneity of primary clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is well characterized, the genomic profiles of metastatic ccRCCs are seldom studied. We profiled the genomes and transcriptomes of a primary tumour and matched metastases to better understand the evolutionary processes that lead to metastasis. In one ccRCC patient, four regions of the primary tumour, one region of the thrombus in the inferior vena cava, and four lung metastases (including one taken after pegylated (PEG)-interferon therapy) were analysed separately. Each sample was analysed for copy number alterations and somatic mutations by whole exome sequencing. We also evaluated gene expression profiles for this patient and 15 primary tumour and 15 metastasis samples from four additional patients. Copy number profiles of the index patient showed two distinct subgroups: one consisted of three primary tumours with relatively minor copy number changes, the other of a primary tumour, the thrombus, and the lung metastases, all with a similar copy number pattern and tetraploid-like characteristics. Somatic mutation profiles indicated parallel clonal evolution with similar numbers of private mutations in each primary tumour and metastatic sample. Expression profiling of the five patients revealed significantly changed expression levels of 57 genes between primary tumours and metastases, with enrichment in the extracellular matrix cluster. The copy number profiles suggest a punctuated evolution from a subregion of the primary tumour. This process, which differentiated the metastases from the primary tumours, most likely occurred rapidly, possibly even before metastasis formation. The evolutionary patterns we deduced from the genomic alterations were also reflected in the gene expression profiles.
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Niinivirta M, Enblad G, Lindskog C, Pontén F, Dragomir A, Ullenhag GJ. Tumoral Pyruvate Kinase L/R as a Predictive Marker for the Treatment of Renal Cancer Patients with Sunitinib and Sorafenib. J Cancer 2019; 10:3224-3231. [PMID: 31289593 PMCID: PMC6603390 DOI: 10.7150/jca.30130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) like sunitinib and sorafenib has improved the prognosis of patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC). No predictive marker is available to select patients who will gain from these treatments. Tumoral pyruvate kinase L/R (PKLR) is a membrane protein with highly specific expression in the renal tubule. We have previously shown that the tumoral expression of cubilin (CUBN) is associated with progression free survival (PFS) in mRCC patients treated with sunitinib and sorafenib. The aim of the present study was to investigate if PKLR can predict response in these patients, alone and/or in combination with CUBN. Methods: A tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed of tumor samples from 139 mRCC patients. One hundred and thirty-six of these patients had been treated with sunitinib or sorafenib in the first or second-line setting. Thirty patients suffered from early severe toxicity leading to the termination of treatment. The remaining patients (n=106) were selected for the current study. Results: Fifty-five (52%) of the tumors expressed membranous PKLR. Patients with PKLR tumor expression experienced a significantly longer PFS compared to patients with no expression (eight versus five months, p = 0.019). Overall survival (OS) was also significantly better for patients with PKLR expression. In addition, the combined expression of PKLR and CUBN resulted in a higher predictive value than either marker alone. Conclusions: In this real world study we show that tumoral PKLR membrane expression is a positive predictive biomarker for sunitinib and sorafenib treatment in patients suffering from mRCC. Our results also indicate that the combined expression with cubilin more accurately than PKLR alone can select patients with no benefit from treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjut Niinivirta
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Uppsala University Hospital, Entrance 78, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Enblad
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Uppsala University Hospital, Entrance 78, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lindskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Pontén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anca Dragomir
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Surgical Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gustav J Ullenhag
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Uppsala University Hospital, Entrance 78, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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Xie M, Lv Y, Liu Z, Zhang J, Liang C, Liao X, Liang R, Lin Y, Li Y. Identification and validation of a four-miRNA (miRNA-21-5p, miRNA-9-5p, miR-149-5p, and miRNA-30b-5p) prognosis signature in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:5759-5766. [PMID: 30532596 PMCID: PMC6245347 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s187109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common cancers with high mortality worldwide. However, biomarkers for predicting prognosis in ccRCC are limited. In this study, we attempted to identify potential prognostic biomarkers of ccRCC. Methods Clinical information and the preprocessed ccRCC mature miRNA expression profiles in The Cancer Genome Atlas database were downloaded from UCSC Xena. The miRNAs differentially expressed between ccRCCs and matched normal tissues were analyzed using the “limma” package. A miRNA-based signature was constructed using the multivariate Cox regression model with prognosis index (PI) formula. Patients with ccRCC were divided into low-risk and high-risk subgroups according to median PI. The survival times were compared between the two groups using Kaplan–Meier analysis with log-rank test. The training set was used to construct a miRNA-based signature for predicting prognosis. The test set was used to verify the signature. Target gene prediction and functional enrichment analysis of the four miRNAs were performed using miRNet. Results We identified four miRNAs, miRNA-21-5p, miRNA-9-5p, miR-149-5p, and miRNA-30b-5p, as independent prognostic indicators. Next, we used these four miRNAs to construct a four-miRNA PI for each patient. Results revealed that patients in the high-risk group (n=119) had significantly shorter survival time than those in the low-risk group (n=118) (high-risk/low-risk group log-rank P=0.000). This four-miRNA signature is an independent prognostic factor compared with routine clinicopathological features in the test set. These miRNAs targeted 1,634 genes, and a miRNA-target gene network was constructed using miRNet. The target genes of these four miRNAs were involved in various pathways related to cancer. Conclusion Our observations suggest that the four-miRNA signature correlated with the survival of patients with ccRCC and can be used as a prognostic biomarker of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhi Xie
- First Department of Chemotherapy, Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China,
| | - Yufeng Lv
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Langdong Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- First Department of Chemotherapy, Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China,
| | - Jingyan Zhang
- First Department of Chemotherapy, Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China,
| | - Chaoyong Liang
- First Department of Chemotherapy, Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China,
| | - Xiaoli Liao
- First Department of Chemotherapy, Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China,
| | - Rong Liang
- First Department of Chemotherapy, Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China,
| | - Yan Lin
- First Department of Chemotherapy, Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China,
| | - Yongqiang Li
- First Department of Chemotherapy, Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China,
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Cañadas-Garre M, Anderson K, McGoldrick J, Maxwell AP, McKnight AJ. Genomic approaches in the search for molecular biomarkers in chronic kidney disease. J Transl Med 2018; 16:292. [PMID: 30359254 PMCID: PMC6203198 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is recognised as a global public health problem, more prevalent in older persons and associated with multiple co-morbidities. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are common aetiologies for CKD, but IgA glomerulonephritis, membranous glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease are also common causes of CKD. MAIN BODY Conventional biomarkers for CKD involving the use of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) derived from four variables (serum creatinine, age, gender and ethnicity) are recommended by clinical guidelines for the evaluation, classification, and stratification of CKD. However, these clinical biomarkers present some limitations, especially for early stages of CKD, elderly individuals, extreme body mass index values (serum creatinine), or are influenced by inflammation, steroid treatment and thyroid dysfunction (serum cystatin C). There is therefore a need to identify additional non-invasive biomarkers that are useful in clinical practice to help improve CKD diagnosis, inform prognosis and guide therapeutic management. CONCLUSION CKD is a multifactorial disease with associated genetic and environmental risk factors. Hence, many studies have employed genetic, epigenetic and transcriptomic approaches to identify biomarkers for kidney disease. In this review, we have summarised the most important studies in humans investigating genomic biomarkers for CKD in the last decade. Several genes, including UMOD, SHROOM3 and ELMO1 have been strongly associated with renal diseases, and some of their traits, such as eGFR and serum creatinine. The role of epigenetic and transcriptomic biomarkers in CKD and related diseases is still unclear. The combination of multiple biomarkers into classifiers, including genomic, and/or epigenomic, may give a more complete picture of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Cañadas-Garre
- Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Belfast City Hospital, Queen’s University of Belfast, c/o University Floor, Level A, Tower Block, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AB Northern Ireland UK
| | - K. Anderson
- Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Belfast City Hospital, Queen’s University of Belfast, c/o University Floor, Level A, Tower Block, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AB Northern Ireland UK
| | - J. McGoldrick
- Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Belfast City Hospital, Queen’s University of Belfast, c/o University Floor, Level A, Tower Block, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AB Northern Ireland UK
| | - A. P. Maxwell
- Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Belfast City Hospital, Queen’s University of Belfast, c/o University Floor, Level A, Tower Block, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AB Northern Ireland UK
- Regional Nephrology Unit, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - A. J. McKnight
- Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Belfast City Hospital, Queen’s University of Belfast, c/o University Floor, Level A, Tower Block, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AB Northern Ireland UK
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Kozyraki R, Cases O. Cubilin, the Intrinsic Factor-Vitamin B12 Receptor in Development and Disease. Curr Med Chem 2018; 27:3123-3150. [PMID: 30295181 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181008143945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gp280/Intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 receptor/Cubilin (CUBN) is a large endocytic receptor serving multiple functions in vitamin B12 homeostasis, renal reabsorption of protein or toxic substances including albumin, vitamin D-binding protein or cadmium. Cubilin is a peripheral membrane protein consisting of 8 Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-like repeats and 27 CUB (defined as Complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, BMP1) domains. This structurally unique protein interacts with at least two molecular partners, Amnionless (AMN) and Lrp2/Megalin. AMN is involved in appropriate plasma membrane transport of Cubilin whereas Lrp2 is essential for efficient internalization of Cubilin and its ligands. Observations gleaned from animal models with Cubn deficiency or human diseases demonstrate the importance of this protein. In this review addressed to basic research and medical scientists, we summarize currently available data on Cubilin and its implication in renal and intestinal biology. We also discuss the role of Cubilin as a modulator of Fgf8 signaling during embryonic development and propose that the Cubilin-Fgf8 interaction may be relevant in human pathology, including in cancer progression, heart or neural tube defects. We finally provide experimental elements suggesting that some aspects of Cubilin physiology might be relevant in drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kozyraki
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Cases
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
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Niinivirta M, Enblad G, Edqvist PH, Pontén F, Dragomir A, Ullenhag GJ. Tumoral ANXA1 Is a Predictive Marker for Sunitinib Treatment of Renal Cancer Patients. J Cancer 2017; 8:3975-3983. [PMID: 29187872 PMCID: PMC5705999 DOI: 10.7150/jca.20889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: There is no established predictive marker for the treatment of renal cancer. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients are often treated with sunitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Sunitinibs anti-cancer effect is at least partly mediated through interfering with angiogenesis. Our aim with the current study was to assess annexin A1 (ANXA1), which stimulates angiogenesis, as a predictive marker for sunitinib therapy in mRCC patients. Since previous studies have indicated a predictive potential for cubilin, we also investigated the predictivity of ANXA1 combined with cubilin. Methods: ANXA1 expression was analysed in tumor tissue from a cohort of patients with advanced RCC (n=139) using immunohistochemistry. Ninety-nine of the patients were treated with sunitinib in the first or second-line setting. Twenty-two of these were censored because of toxicity leading to the termination of treatment and the remaining (n=77) were selected for the present study. Results: Twenty-five (32%) out of seventy-seven of the tumors lacked ANXA1 in the cytoplasm. On statistical analyses using Kaplan-Meier method, aNXA1 negative tumors were significantly associated with a longer treatment benefit in terms of progression free survival (PFS). Overall survival was also significantly better for patients with ANXA1 negative tumors. The combined ANXA1 positive and cubilin negative expression could more accurately than ANXA1 alone define the group not benefitting from treatment. Conclusions: Our results indicate that cytoplasmic expression of ANXA1 is a negative predictive marker for sunitinib therapy in mRCC patients. A possible explanation for this finding is that sunitinibs anti-angiogenic effect cannot overcome the pro-angiogenic drive from many ANXA1 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjut Niinivirta
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Uppsala University Hospital, Entrance 78, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Enblad
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Uppsala University Hospital, Entrance 78, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per-Henrik Edqvist
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Pontén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anca Dragomir
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Surgical Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gustav J Ullenhag
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Uppsala University Hospital, Entrance 78, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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Tumoral cubilin is a predictive marker for treatment of renal cancer patients with sunitinib and sorafenib. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:961-970. [PMID: 28260162 PMCID: PMC5427164 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2365-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Tyrosine kinase inhibitors like sunitinib and sorafenib are commonly used to treat metastatic renal cell cancer patients. Cubilin is a membrane protein expressed in the proximal renal tubule. Cubilin and megalin function together as endocytic receptors mediating uptake of many proteins. There is no established predictive marker for metastatic renal cell cancer patients and the purpose of the present study was to assess if cubilin can predict response to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Methods Cubilin protein expression was analyzsed in tumor tissue from a cohort of patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (n = 139) using immunohistochemistry. One hundred and thirty six of the patients were treated with sunitinib or sorafenib in the first- or second-line setting. Thirty of these were censored because of toxicity leading to the termination of treatment and the remaining (n = 106) were selected for the current study. Results Fifty-three (50%) of the tumors expressed cubilin in the membrane. The median progression-free survival was 8 months in patients with cubilin expressing tumors and 4 months in the cubilin negative group. In addition, the overall survival was better for patients with cubilin positive tumors. We also found that the fraction of cubilin negative patients was significantly higher in the non-responding group (PFS ≤3 months) compared to responding patients (PFS >3 months). Conclusions We show for the first time that tumoral expression of cubilin is a positive predictive marker for treatment of metastatic renal cell cancer patients with sunitinib and sorafenib.
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