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Lee AV, Nestler KA, Chiappinelli KB. Therapeutic targeting of DNA methylation alterations in cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 258:108640. [PMID: 38570075 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
DNA methylation is a critical component of gene regulation and plays an important role in the development of cancer. Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes and silencing of DNA repair pathways facilitate uncontrolled cell growth and synergize with oncogenic mutations to perpetuate cancer phenotypes. Additionally, aberrant DNA methylation hinders immune responses crucial for antitumor immunity. Thus, inhibiting dysregulated DNA methylation is a promising cancer therapy. Pharmacologic inhibition of DNA methylation reactivates silenced tumor suppressors and bolster immune responses through induction of viral mimicry. Now, with the advent of immunotherapies and discovery of the immune-modulatory effects of DNA methylation inhibitors, there is great interest in understanding how targeting DNA methylation in combination with other therapies can enhance antitumor immunity. Here, we describe the role of aberrant DNA methylation in cancer and mechanisms by which it promotes tumorigenesis and modulates immune responses. Finally, we review the initial discoveries and ongoing efforts to target DNA methylation as a cancer therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail V Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kevin A Nestler
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Katherine B Chiappinelli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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2
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Zhong B, Liao Q, Wang X, Wang X, Zhang J. The roles of epigenetic regulation in cholangiocarcinogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115290. [PMID: 37557012 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a heterogeneous malignancy of bile duct epithelial cells, is characterized by aggressiveness, difficult diagnosis, and poor prognosis due to limited understanding and lack of effective therapeutic strategies. Genetic and epigenetic alterations accumulated in CCA cells can cause the aberrant regulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Epigenetic alterations with histone modification, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNA modulation are associated with the carcinogenesis of CCA. Mutation or silencing of genes by various mechanisms can be a frequent event during CCA development. Alterations in histone acetylation/deacetylation at the posttranslational level, DNA methylation at promoters, and noncoding RNA regulation contribute to the heterogeneity of CCA and drive tumor development. In this review article, we mainly focus on the roles of epigenetic regulation in cholangiocarcinogenesis. Alterations in epigenetic modification can be potential targets for the therapeutic management of CCA, and epigenetic targets may become diagnostic biomarkers of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyin Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Qicheng Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaonong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jianhong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
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Kim M, Delgado E, Ko S. DNA methylation in cell plasticity and malignant transformation in liver diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 241:108334. [PMID: 36535346 PMCID: PMC9841769 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The liver possesses extraordinary regenerative capacity mainly attributable to the ability of hepatocytes (HCs) and biliary epithelial cells (BECs) to self-replicate. This ability is left over from their bipotent parent cell, the hepatoblast, during development. When this innate regeneration is compromised due to the absence of proliferative parenchymal cells, such as during cirrhosis, HCs and BEC can transdifferentiate; thus, adding another layer of complexity to the process of liver repair. In addition, dysregulated lineage maintenance in these two cell populations has been shown to promote malignant growth in experimental conditions. Here, malignant transformation, driven in part by insufficient maintenance of lineage reprogramming, contributes to end-stage liver disease. Epigenetic changes are key drivers for cell fate decisions as well as transformation by finetuning overall transcription and gene expression. In this review, we address how altered DNA methylation contributes to the initiation and progression of hepatic cell fate conversion and cancer formation. We also discussed the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of targeting DNA methylation in liver cancer, its current limitations, and what future research is necessary to facilitate its contribution to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwook Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Evan Delgado
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Sungjin Ko
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
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Potential Methods of Targeting Cellular Aging Hallmarks to Reverse Osteoarthritic Phenotype of Chondrocytes. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11070996. [PMID: 36101377 PMCID: PMC9312132 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease that causes pain, physical disability, and life quality impairment. The pathophysiology of OA remains largely unclear, and currently no FDA-approved disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs) are available. As has been acknowledged, aging is the primary independent risk factor for OA, but the mechanisms underlying such a connection are not fully understood. In this review, we first revisit the changes in OA chondrocytes from the perspective of cellular hallmarks of aging. It is concluded that OA chondrocytes share many alterations similar to cellular aging. Next, based on the findings from studies on other cell types and diseases, we propose methods that can potentially reverse osteoarthritic phenotype of chondrocytes back to a healthier state. Lastly, current challenges and future perspectives are summarized.
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Rimini M, Puzzoni M, Pedica F, Silvestris N, Fornaro L, Aprile G, Loi E, Brunetti O, Vivaldi C, Simionato F, Zavattari P, Scartozzi M, Burgio V, Ratti F, Aldrighetti L, Cascinu S, Casadei-Gardini A. Cholangiocarcinoma: new perspectives for new horizons. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 15:1367-1383. [PMID: 34669536 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2021.1991313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biliary tract cancer represents a heterogeneous group of malignancies characterized by dismal prognosis and scarce therapeutic options. AREA COVERED In the last years, a growing interest in BTC pathology has emerged, thus highlighting a significant heterogeneity of the pathways underlying the carcinogenesis process, from both a molecular and genomic point of view. A better understanding of these differences is mandatory to deepen the behavior of this complex disease, as well as to identify new targetable target mutations, with the aim to improve the survival outcomes. The authors decided to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent highlights on BTCs, with a special focus on the genetic, epigenetic and molecular alterations, which may have an interesting clinical application in the next future. EXPERT OPINION In the last years, the efforts resulted from international collaborations have led to the identification of new promising targets for precision medicine approaches in the BTC setting. Further investigations and prospective trials are needed, but the hope is that these new knowledge in cooperation with the new technologies and procedures, including bio-molecular and genomic analysis as well radiomic studies, will enrich the therapeutic armamentarium thus improving the survival outcomes in a such lethal and complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Rimini
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Puzzoni
- Medical Oncology, University and University Hospital of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Pedica
- Department of Pathology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Department of oncology, Instituto Di Ricovero E Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo Ii" of Bari, Bari, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fornaro
- Department of medical oncology, U.O. Oncologia Medica 2 Universitaria, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Aprile
- Department of Oncology, San Bortolo General Hospital, Azienda ULSS8 Berica, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Eleonora Loi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Biology and Genetics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Department of oncology, Instituto Di Ricovero E Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo Ii" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Caterina Vivaldi
- Department of medical oncology, U.O. Oncologia Medica 2 Universitaria, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Simionato
- Department of Oncology, San Bortolo General Hospital, Azienda ULSS8 Berica, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zavattari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Biology and Genetics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mario Scartozzi
- Medical Oncology, University and University Hospital of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valentina Burgio
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ratti
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Division, IRCCS San Raffaele and Vita-Salute University, Italy
| | - Luca Aldrighetti
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Division, IRCCS San Raffaele and Vita-Salute University, Italy
| | - Stefano Cascinu
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Kim Y, Rhee YY, Wen X, Cho NY, Bae JM, Kim WH, Kang GH. Combination of L1 methylation and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as prognostic marker in advanced gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2020; 23:464-472. [PMID: 31691036 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-019-01025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) is known to be associated with prolonged survival time, whereas tumoral-L1 hypomethylation has been associated with shortened survival time in patients with gastric cancer (GC). Since L1-methylation level is high in lymphocytes, higher density of TIL could lead to higher measurement of L1-methylation level in cancer tissues which contain cancer cells as well as non-neoplastic cells, including TIL. Putative interaction of TIL in the relationship between L1-methylation level and survival led us to explore combinatory statuses of tumoral-L1-methylation level and TIL density as a prognostic marker in GC. METHODS TIL and tumoral-L1-methylation level were measured in advanced GC samples (n = 491), using CD3 immunohistochemistry and pyrosequencing-methylation analysis, respectively. TIL density was measured in tumor center and invasive front areas. RESULTS TIL density correlated with tumoral-L1-methylation level but the relationship was weak. Combinatory statuses of L1-methylation level and CD3 TIL density were found to be statistically significant in survival analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed that the relationship between combinatory statuses and survival was independent. Prognostic value of the combinatory statuses at invasive front was significant in an independent set. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that tumoral-L1-methylation level is correlated with TIL density and that combinatory statuses might help to find a subset of GCs with worse clinical outcome in GCs with low-L1-methylation status or a subset of GCs with better clinical outcome in GCs with high-L1-methylation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye-Young Rhee
- Pathology Center, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xianyu Wen
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nam-Yun Cho
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Mo Bae
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyeong Hoon Kang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. .,Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Teerawattanapong N, Udomsinprasert W, Ngarmukos S, Tanavalee A, Honsawek S. Blood leukocyte LINE-1 hypomethylation and oxidative stress in knee osteoarthritis. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01774. [PMID: 31193532 PMCID: PMC6536726 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Joints inflammation is one of the most pathologic processes leading to the development of osteoarthritis (OA), possibly leading to genomic instability. LINE-1 is transposable elements, and alterations in LINE-1 methylation induced by 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) can cause genomic instability contributing to OA development. Herein, the present study examined associations between LINE-1 methylation, 8-OHdG, and knee OA severity. Methods LINE-1 methylation levels were measured in 104 knee OA patients and 96 healthy controls by quantitative combined bisulfite restriction analysis. 8–OHdG was investigated by ELISA. The knee OA severity was appraised by questionnaires (VAS, WOMAC, KOOS, and lequesne index) and radiological severity based on the grading of Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) standard criteria. Key findings Blood leukocyte LINE-1 methylation levels were significantly lower in knee OA patients than in healthy controls. Interestingly, individuals with LINE-1 hypomethylation were significantly associated with an elevated risk of knee OA. Linear regression analysis revealed that LINE-1 methylation was independently associated with KL grading of knee OA. Furthermore, plasma 8–OHdG levels in OA cases were not significantly different from those in healthy volunteers, whereas synovial fluid 8–OHdG values were considerably higher than in paired plasma specimens of the OA subjects. Significance This study demonstrated that LINE-1 hypomethylation in blood leukocytes was associated with increased risk and radiographic severity of knee OA, and increased synovial fluid 8–OHdG levels were observed in knee OA patients. Collectively, LINE-1 hypomethylation and elevated 8–OHdG could emerge as biomarkers indicating the severity of knee OA and may take a possible part in the pathological process of knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipaporn Teerawattanapong
- Department of Biochemistry, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Srihatach Ngarmukos
- Department of Orthopaedics, Vinai Parkpian Orthopaedic Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aree Tanavalee
- Department of Orthopaedics, Vinai Parkpian Orthopaedic Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sittisak Honsawek
- Department of Biochemistry, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Orthopaedics, Vinai Parkpian Orthopaedic Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
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O'Rourke CJ, Lafuente-Barquero J, Andersen JB. Epigenome Remodeling in Cholangiocarcinoma. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:335-350. [PMID: 31208696 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) comprises a heterogeneous collection of malignancies arising within the biliary tract, characterized by late diagnosis, innate chemoresistance, and abysmal prognosis. Sequencing data have uncovered recurrent mutations in diverse epigenetic regulators, implicating epigenetic destabilization at the root of these tumors. However, few studies have characterized biliary tumor epigenomes. In this Opinion article, we argue that an epigenome-oriented approach to CCA could establish diverse interconnections between many key aspects of research on this disease, including molecular heterogeneity, diverse cells of origin, and prominent tumor microenvironments. Moreover, we discuss plausible causes of epigenome dysregulation in biliary tumors, including genetic, epigenetic, metabolic, microenvironmental, and physiological factors. Lastly, we assess the translational potential of epigenomics in CCA to uncover robust biomarkers and therapeutic opportunities for this growing group of patients with limited treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm J O'Rourke
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Juan Lafuente-Barquero
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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Shin YJ, Kim Y, Wen X, Cho NY, Lee S, Kim WH, Kang GH. Prognostic implications and interaction of L1 methylation and p53 expression statuses in advanced gastric cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:77. [PMID: 31088544 PMCID: PMC6518708 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0661-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TP53 is frequently mutated across various tissue types of cancers. In normal cells, long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1, L1) is mostly repressed by DNA methylation in its 5′ untranslated region but is activated by DNA demethylation process during tumorigenesis. p53 is indispensable for maintaining genomic stability and plays its role in controlling genomic stability by repressing retrotransposon activity. However, it is unclear whether p53 regulates expression or methylation of L1 differently depending on the mutational status of TP53. Four hundred ninety cases of advanced gastric cancer (AGC) were analyzed for their statuses in p53 expression and L1 methylation using immunohistochemistry and pyrosequencing, respectively. Whether L1 methylation and expression statuses were differently affected by types of TP53 mutants was analyzed in gastric cancer cell line. Results By p53 immunohistochemistry, tumors were classified into 4 groups according to the intensity and extent of stained tumor nuclei. L1 methylation level was significantly higher in p53 expression group 1 than in the other groups in which L1 methylation level was similar (P < 0.001). Although L1 methylation and p53 expression statuses were associated with patient survival, multivariate analysis revealed that L1 methylation was an independent prognostic parameter. In in vitro analysis of AGS cells with the introduction of wild type or mutant types of TP53, L1 methylation level and activity were different depending on types of TP53 mutation. Conclusions Findings suggest that L1 methylation level is affected by TP53 mutation status; although, L1 methylation status was an independent prognostic parameter in patients with AGC. Further study is required to elucidate the mechanism of how wild type or mutant p53 affects L1 activity and methylation status of L1 CpG island. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-019-0661-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Joo Shin
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Chongo-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Xianyu Wen
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Chongo-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Nam-Yun Cho
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Chongo-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Gyeong Hoon Kang
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Chongo-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
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Kim Y, Wen X, Jeong S, Cho NY, Kim WH, Kang GH. Combinatory low methylation statuses of SAT-α and L1 are associated with shortened survival time in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2019; 22:37-47. [PMID: 29926315 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-018-0852-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND L1 and SAT-α are repetitive DNA elements that undergo demethylation in association with cancerization. Unlike L1 hypomethaylation, nothing is known regarding the prognostic implication of SAT-α hypomethylation alongside L1 hypomethaylaton in gastric cancers. METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples from 492 cases of advanced gastric cancer were analyzed to determine their L1 and SAT-α methylation status using pyrosequencing methylation assay. RESULTS L1 and SAT-α methylation statuses were correlated with clinicopathological parameters, including survival. L1 or SAT-α methylation levels were lower in gastric cancers with venous invasion or nodal metastasis than those without. L1 methylation was lower in gastric cancers with lymphatic emboli than in those with no lymphatic emboli, but was higher in gastric cancers with perineural invasion than in those with no perineural invasion. Multivariate survival analysis revealed that both tumoral L1 and SAT-α hypomethylations were found to correlate independently with OS (HR = 1.477; 95% CI 1.079-2.021 and HR = 1.394; 95% CI 1.011-1.922, respectively) and RFS (HR = 1.477; 95% CI 1.090-2.001 and HR = 1.516; 95% CI 1.106-2.078, respectively). Combined L1 and SAT-α hypomethylation turned out to correlate independently with OS (HR = 2.003; 95% CI 1.268-3.164) and RFS (HR = 2.226; 95% CI 1.411-3.510). CONCLUSION Not only tumoral L1 hypomethylation, but also tumoral SAT-α hypomethylation was found to be independent prognostic parameters in patients with advanced gastric cancer. SAT-α methylation status can be used to further divide gastric cancers with L1 hypomethylation into subsets of gastric cancers with better and worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Chongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Xianyu Wen
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Chongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seorin Jeong
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nam-Yun Cho
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Chongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gyeong Hoon Kang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Chongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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