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Sanesi L, Mori G, Troiano G, Ballini A, Valzano F, Dioguardi M, Muzio LL, Magalhaes M, Caponio VCA. Salivary exosomal microRNA profile as biomonitoring tool for diagnosis and prognosis of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 165:106012. [PMID: 38879952 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exosomes are extracellular vesicles found in saliva and other body fluids. These vesicles range in size from 30 to 150 nm and play a crucial role in intercellular communication, transporting different biomolecules, actively targeting cells. These vesicles regulate both physiological and pathological processes within recipient cells. MicroRNAs (miRs) are transported within exosomes and are delivered to target cells where they influence signaling pathways, taking on a crucial regulatory role in oncogenesis; for example, they are implicated in progression and infiltration of various cancers, such as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic literature search based on specific keywords, according to the PRISMA guidelines, was carried out on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Only original articles were selected during this review. The risk of bias was assessed by QUADAS-2. RESULTS At the end of the selection process 9 articles were included. In these studies, 41 miRs showed differential expression between healthy subjects and patient with HNSCC. The techniques varied among studies for the extraction and analysis of exosomal miRs. We presented also salivary exosomal miRs pathways, to give insights about pathogenetic mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Exosomal microRNA are promising biomarkers for HNSCC detection. MiR-10b-5p, miR-486-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-412-3p, and miR-512-3p are the most promising markers applicable to diagnostics, while miR-1307-5p and miR-519c-3p resulted overexpressed and correlated to worse survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Sanesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Mori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Felice Valzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mario Dioguardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Marco Magalhaes
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St, Toronto, ON M5G 1×3, Canada
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Zhang Z, Liu T, Dong M, Ahamed MA, Guan W. Sample-to-answer salivary miRNA testing: New frontiers in point-of-care diagnostic technologies. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1969. [PMID: 38783564 PMCID: PMC11141732 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA), crucial non-coding RNAs, have emerged as key biomarkers in molecular diagnostics, prognosis, and personalized medicine due to their significant role in gene expression regulation. Salivary miRNA, in particular, stands out for its non-invasive collection method and ease of accessibility, offering promising avenues for the development of point-of-care diagnostics for a spectrum of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and infectious diseases. Such development promises rapid and precise diagnosis, enabling timely treatment. Despite significant advancements in salivary miRNA-based testing, challenges persist in the quantification, multiplexing, sensitivity, and specificity, particularly for miRNA at low concentrations in complex biological mixtures. This work delves into these challenges, focusing on the development and application of salivary miRNA tests for point-of-care use. We explore the biogenesis of salivary miRNA and analyze their quantitative expression and their disease relevance in cancer, infection, and neurodegenerative disorders. We also examined recent progress in miRNA extraction, amplification, and multiplexed detection methods. This study offers a comprehensive view of the development of salivary miRNA-based point-of-care testing (POCT). Its successful advancement could revolutionize the early detection, monitoring, and management of various conditions, enhancing healthcare outcomes. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
| | - Ming Dong
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
| | - Md. Ahasan Ahamed
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
| | - Weihua Guan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
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Cui L, Zheng J, Lu Y, Lin P, Lin Y, Zheng Y, Xu R, Mai Z, Guo B, Zhao X. New frontiers in salivary extracellular vesicles: transforming diagnostics, monitoring, and therapeutics in oral and systemic diseases. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:171. [PMID: 38610017 PMCID: PMC11015696 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02443-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Salivary extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key tools for non-invasive diagnostics, playing a crucial role in the early detection and monitoring of diseases. These EVs surpass whole saliva in biomarker detection due to their enhanced stability, which minimizes contamination and enzymatic degradation. The review comprehensively discusses methods for isolating, enriching, quantifying, and characterizing salivary EVs. It highlights their importance as biomarkers in oral diseases like periodontitis and oral cancer, and underscores their potential in monitoring systemic conditions. Furthermore, the review explores the therapeutic possibilities of salivary EVs, particularly in personalized medicine through engineered EVs for targeted drug delivery. The discussion also covers the current challenges and future prospects in the field, emphasizing the potential of salivary EVs in advancing clinical practice and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cui
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Jiarong Zheng
- Department of Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Pei Lin
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Yunfan Lin
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Yucheng Zheng
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Rongwei Xu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Zizhao Mai
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China.
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Kalele K, Nyahatkar S, Mirgh D, Muthuswamy R, Adhikari MD, Anand K. Exosomes: A Cutting-Edge Theranostics Tool for Oral Cancer. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:1400-1415. [PMID: 38394624 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are a subpopulation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by cells. In cancer, they are key cellular messengers during cancer development and progression. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) promote cancer progression. In oral cancer, the major complication is oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Exosomes show strong participation in several OSCC-related activities such as uncontrolled cell growth, immune suppression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and drug and therapeutic resistance. It is also a potential biomarker source for oral cancer. Some therapeutic exosome sources such as stem cells, plants (it is more effective compared to others), and engineered exosomes reduce oral cancer development. This therapeutic approach is effective because of its specificity, biocompatibility, and cell-free therapy (it reduced side effects in cancer treatment). This article highlights exosome-based theranostics signatures in oral cancer, clinical trials, challenges of exosome-based oral cancer research, and future improvements. In the future, exosomes may become an effective and affordable solution for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketki Kalele
- Neuron Institute of Applied Research, Rajapeth-Irwin Square Flyover, Amravati, Maharashtra 444601, India
| | - Sidhanti Nyahatkar
- VYWS Dental College & Hospital, WQMV+7X6, Tapovan-Wadali Road, Camp Rd, SRPF Colony, Amravati, Maharashtra 444602, India
| | - Divya Mirgh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Raman Muthuswamy
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manab Deb Adhikari
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal 734013, India
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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Nguyen H, Nonaka T. Salivary miRNAs as auxiliary liquid biopsy biomarkers for diagnosis in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Genet 2024; 15:1352838. [PMID: 38528913 PMCID: PMC10961377 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1352838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: The healthcare system needs a novel approach to improve and diagnose early oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma against its low survival rate. We conduct a systematic review and a comprehensive meta-analysis for the diagnostic role of blood and salivary microRNAs (miRNAs). Methods: An unbiased and thorough literature search in PubMed yielded appropriate data from qualified articles regarding different miRNA biomarkers, method of extraction, research location, and year of publication. Stata was used to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, and summary receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: We included 9 studies with 399 qualified oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients, which yielded a high diagnostic accuracy of blood miRNAs in combination with salivary miRNAs with a sensitivity of 0.70 (p < 0.001), specificity of 0.75 (p = 0.26), diagnostic odds ratio of 7, and an area under the curve of 0.78. Conclusion: Combined blood- and saliva-derived miRNAs demonstrated a high diagnostic accuracy in detecting oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024509424.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Nguyen
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Taichiro Nonaka
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
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6
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Bastías D, Maturana A, Marín C, Martínez R, Niklander SE. Salivary Biomarkers for Oral Cancer Detection: An Exploratory Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2634. [PMID: 38473882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Different efforts have been made to find better and less invasive methods for the diagnosis and prediction of oral cancer, such as the study of saliva as a source of biomarkers. The aim of this study was to perform a scoping review about salivary molecules that have been assessed as possible biomarkers for the diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A search was conducted using EBSCO, PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and Web of Science. The research question was as follows: which molecules present in saliva have utility to be used as biomarkers for the early detection of oral cancer? Sixty-two studies were included. Over 100 molecules were assessed. Most of the markers were oriented towards the early diagnosis of OSCC and were classified based on their ability for detecting OSCC and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), OSCC outcome prediction, and the prediction of the malignant transformation of OPMDs. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 IL-8, LDH, and MMP-9 were the most studied, with almost all studies reporting high sensitivity and specificity values. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 IL-8, LDH, and MMP-9 are the most promising salivary biomarkers. However, more studies with larger cohorts are needed before translating the use of these biomarkers to clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bastías
- Unit of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile
| | - Alejandro Maturana
- Unit of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile
| | - Constanza Marín
- Unit of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile
| | - René Martínez
- Unit of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile
| | - Sven Eric Niklander
- Unit of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile
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Kumar MA, Baba SK, Sadida HQ, Marzooqi SA, Jerobin J, Altemani FH, Algehainy N, Alanazi MA, Abou-Samra AB, Kumar R, Al-Shabeeb Akil AS, Macha MA, Mir R, Bhat AA. Extracellular vesicles as tools and targets in therapy for diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:27. [PMID: 38311623 PMCID: PMC10838959 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01735-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, membranous structures secreted into the extracellular space. They exhibit diverse sizes, contents, and surface markers and are ubiquitously released from cells under normal and pathological conditions. Human serum is a rich source of these EVs, though their isolation from serum proteins and non-EV lipid particles poses challenges. These vesicles transport various cellular components such as proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, DNA, and lipids across distances, influencing numerous physiological and pathological events, including those within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Their pivotal roles in cellular communication make EVs promising candidates for therapeutic agents, drug delivery systems, and disease biomarkers. Especially in cancer diagnostics, EV detection can pave the way for early identification and offers potential as diagnostic biomarkers. Moreover, various EV subtypes are emerging as targeted drug delivery tools, highlighting their potential clinical significance. The need for non-invasive biomarkers to monitor biological processes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes remains unfulfilled. Tapping into the unique composition of EVs could unlock advanced diagnostic and therapeutic avenues in the future. In this review, we discuss in detail the roles of EVs across various conditions, including cancers (encompassing head and neck, lung, gastric, breast, and hepatocellular carcinoma), neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, viral infections, autoimmune and renal diseases, emphasizing the potential advancements in molecular diagnostics and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir A Kumar
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir, 192122, India
| | - Sadaf K Baba
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir, 192122, India
| | - Hana Q Sadida
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Al Marzooqi
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jayakumar Jerobin
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Faisal H Altemani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naseh Algehainy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Alanazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Badi Abou-Samra
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India
| | - Ammira S Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir, 192122, India
| | - Rashid Mir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
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Yu L, Zeng X, Hu X, Wen Q, Chen P. Advances and challenges in clinical applications of tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 234:113704. [PMID: 38113751 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a class of substances that feature vesicle-like structures. Initially deemed to be "biological waste", recent studies have highlighted the crucial role of EVs in mediating information communication between cells by transporting bioactive components. Specifically, tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) contain components that can be utilized for disease diagnosis and as vaccines to activate the immune system. Moreover, since TEVs have a phospholipid bilayer shell and can transport exogenous substances, they are being increasingly explored as drug delivery vehicles in anti-tumor therapy. TEVs have proven highly compatible with their corresponding tumor cells, allowing for efficient drug delivery and exerting killing effects on tumor cells through various mechanisms such as domino effects, lysosomal pathways, and inhibition of drug efflux from tumor tissues. Despite these promising developments, challenges remain in the clinical applications of EVs derived from tumor cells. This paper outlines the current advances and limitations in this field, highlighting the potential of TEVs as a powerful tool for combating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Xiaonan Zeng
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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Kumar P, Gupta S, Das BC. Saliva as a potential non-invasive liquid biopsy for early and easy diagnosis/prognosis of head and neck cancer. Transl Oncol 2024; 40:101827. [PMID: 38042138 PMCID: PMC10701368 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are the most devastating diseases in India and southeast Asia. It is a preventable and curable disease if detected early. Tobacco and alcohol consumption are the two major risk-factors but infection of high-risk HPVs are also associated with development of predominantly oral and oropharyngeal carcinomas. Interestingly, unlike cervical cancer, HPV-induced HNSCCs show good prognosis and better survival in contrast, majority of tobacco-associated HPV-ve HNSCCs are highly aggressive with poor clinical outcome. Biomarker analysis in circulatory body-fluids for early cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring are becoming important in clinical practice. Early diagnosis using non-invasive saliva for oral or other diseases plays an important role in successful treatment and better prognosis. Saliva mirrors the body's state of health as it comes into direct contact with oral lesions and needs no trained manpower to collect, making it a suitable bio-fluid of choice for screening. Saliva can be used to detect not only virus, bacteria and other biomarkers but variety of molecular and genetic markers for an early detection, treatment and monitoring cancer and other diseases. The performance of saliva-based diagnostics are reported to be highly (≥95 %) sensitive and specific indicating the test's ability to correctly identify true positive or negative cases. This review focuses on the potentials of saliva in the early detection of not only HPV or other pathogens but also identification of highly reliable gene mutations, oral-microbiomes, metabolites, salivary cytokines, non-coding RNAs and exosomal miRNAs. It also discusses the importance of saliva as a reliable, cost-effective and an easy alternative to invasive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Lab, Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Shilpi Gupta
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Lab, Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Bhudev C Das
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Lab, Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India.
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Zheng L, Shi L, Wu X, Hu P, Zhang B, Han X, Wang K, Li X, Yang F, Wang Y, Li X, Qiao R. Advances in Research on Pig Salivary Analytes: A Window to Reveal Pig Health and Physiological Status. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:374. [PMID: 38338017 PMCID: PMC10854898 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Saliva is an important exocrine fluid that is easy to collect and is a complex mixture of proteins and other molecules from multiple sources from which considerable biological information can be mined. Pig saliva, as an easily available biological liquid rich in bioactive ingredients, is rich in nucleic acid analytes, such as eggs, enzymes, amino acids, sugars, etc. The expression levels of these components in different diseases have received extensive attention, and the analysis of specific proteins, metabolites, and biological compositions in pig saliva has become a new direction for disease diagnosis and treatment. The study of the changes in analytes in pig saliva can provide a new strategy for early diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and treatment of diseases. In this paper, the detection methods and research progress of porcine salivary analytes are reviewed, the application and research progress of porcine salivary analytes in diseases are discussed, and the future application prospect is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruimin Qiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (L.Z.); (L.S.)
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Ren J, Jing X, Liu Y, Liu J, Ning X, Zong M, Zhang R, Cheng H, Cui J, Li B, Wu X. Exosome-based engineering strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of oral and maxillofacial diseases. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:501. [PMID: 38129853 PMCID: PMC10740249 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02277-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral and maxillofacial diseases are one of the most prevalent diseases in the world, which not only seriously affect the health of patients' oral and maxillofacial tissues, but also bring serious economic and psychological burdens to patients. Therefore, oral and maxillofacial diseases require effective treatment. Traditional treatments have limited effects. In recent years, nature exosomes have attracted increasing attention due to their ability to diagnose and treat diseases. However, the application of nature exosomes is limited due to low yield, high impurities, lack of targeting, and high cost. Engineered exosomes can be endowed with better comprehensive therapeutic properties by modifying exosomes of parent cells or directly modifying exosomes, and biomaterial loading exosomes. Compared with natural exosomes, these engineered exosomes can achieve more effective diagnosis and treatment of oral and maxillary system diseases, and provide reference and guidance for clinical application. This paper reviews the engineering modification methods of exosomes and the application of engineered exosomes in oral and maxillofacial diseases and looks forward to future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Ren
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuan Jing
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yingyu Liu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinrong Liu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiao Ning
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Mingrui Zong
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Huaiyi Cheng
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiayu Cui
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Bing Li
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xiuping Wu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
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12
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Temilola DO, Adeola HA, Grobbelaar J, Chetty M. Liquid Biopsy in Head and Neck Cancer: Its Present State and Future Role in Africa. Cells 2023; 12:2663. [PMID: 37998398 PMCID: PMC10670726 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising mortality and morbidity rate of head and neck cancer (HNC) in Africa has been attributed to factors such as the poor state of health infrastructures, genetics, and late presentation resulting in the delayed diagnosis of these tumors. If well harnessed, emerging molecular and omics diagnostic technologies such as liquid biopsy can potentially play a major role in optimizing the management of HNC in Africa. However, to successfully apply liquid biopsy technology in the management of HNC in Africa, factors such as genetic, socioeconomic, environmental, and cultural acceptability of the technology must be given due consideration. This review outlines the role of circulating molecules such as tumor cells, tumor DNA, tumor RNA, proteins, and exosomes, in liquid biopsy technology for the management of HNC with a focus on studies conducted in Africa. The present state and the potential opportunities for the future use of liquid biopsy technology in the effective management of HNC in resource-limited settings such as Africa is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dada Oluwaseyi Temilola
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
| | - Henry Ademola Adeola
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Johan Grobbelaar
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
| | - Manogari Chetty
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
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13
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Minervini G, Meto A, Fiorillo L, Franco R, Francesco FD, Cicciù M, Cervino G. Salivary microRNAs as innovative biomarkers for early diagnosis of oral diseases: a comparison of conventional cigarette smokers and tobacco heating system 2.2 users. Minerva Dent Oral Sci 2023; 72:247-254. [PMID: 37255307 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6329.23.04790-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are considered valid prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. The different miRNA expression profiles in cancer cells compared to normal cells make them potential biomarkers used for the early diagnosis of oral diseases. Following exposure to cigarette smoking, miRNA altered profile expression is associated with resistance mechanisms against anticancer therapies. Cellular models showed a reduced human gingival epithelium alteration after exposure to THS2.2 and a lower pathogenicity than 3R4F CS. The aim of the study was to compare the expression of saliva miRNA profile of THS2.2 and 3R4F CS users compared to patients not exposed to the risk factor and to identify and study the modulation of miRNAs associated with the development of oral diseases. In particular, we will focus on the analysis of a group of miRNAs know to be involved in the development of smoking-related diseases. METHODS The study will be performed in 18 months and dentists and biochemists will be involved in the different phases. To perform the study, healthy volunteers, including smokers of THS2.2 or 3R4F CS, will be enrolled. RESULTS The samples will be collected from 3 experimental groups, each consisting of 30 subjects: group 1 (no smoking subjects), group 2 (subjects exposed to THS2.2), group 3 (subjects exposed to 3R4F CS). The collection of the saliva sample will be conducted in a standardized way. Following the collection, saliva will be processed. CONCLUSIONS Previous studies have suggested that miRNAs are prognostic biomarkers for various smoking-related diseases. Based on the post-transcriptional regulation of some mRNAs connected to different oral pathologies, we expect a specific miRNA-mRNA interaction, which could be a starting point for the development of new possible diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Minervini
- Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Aida Meto
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Aldent, Tirana, Albania
| | - Luca Fiorillo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rocco Franco
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy -
| | - Fabrizio di Francesco
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Cicciù
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cervino
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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14
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Rajendran P, Sekar R, Zahra HA, Jayaraman S, Rajagopal P, Abdallah BM, Ali EM, Abdelsalam SA, Veeraraghavan V. Salivaomics to decode non-coding RNAs in oral cancer. A narrative review. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:376-384. [PMID: 37250455 PMCID: PMC10220469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is the most debilitating disease which affects the orderly life of a human. With so much advancement in research and technology, the average life expectancy of an individual with oral cancer appears to be about 5 years. The changing trend in incidence of oral cancer among young individuals and women without tobacco habits are ascending. Non habit related oral cancer are taking centre stage and multiple factors which induce complex biology are associated in such scenarios. To decipher the aetiology and to understand the process, these cancerous conditions are to be studied at molecular level. Saliva, the most non-invasively obtained body fluid are assessed for biomarkers exclusively in liquid biopsy. This fluid gives a huge platform to study number of molecules associated with oral cancer. Non coding RNAs are transcripts with no protein coding function. They are gaining more importance in recent times. Long noncoding RNA, microRNA are major types of noncoding transcriptome that influences in progression of oral cancer. They seem to play an important role in health and disease. Apart from these, circulating tumour cells, exosomes, extracellular vesicles, antigens and other proteins can be studied from saliva. This review is aimed to update the knowledge on current biomarkers in saliva associated with oral cancer and their epigenetic role in disease progression as well recent advances in detecting these markers to identify the stage of the disease, which will help in deciding the treatment protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peramaiyan Rajendran
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramya Sekar
- Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, West K.K. Nagar, Chennai, 600 078, India
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hamad Abu Zahra
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal
- Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, West K.K. Nagar, Chennai, 600 078, India
| | - Basem M. Abdallah
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas M. Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - Salaheldin Abdelraouf Abdelsalam
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Vishnupriya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
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15
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Qu Y, Bai Y, Wu Z, Yang D, Liu H, Mao H. Non-invasive detection of tumor markers in salivary extracellular vesicles based on digital PCR chips. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 548:117488. [PMID: 37442360 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has stated that countless cancer patients could be saved if early detection and treatment were available. However, current clinical evaluation of tumors still relies primarily on imaging examinations and tissue biopsies. These methods not only require sophisticated equipment, but also have high false positive rates or invasive problems. Here, we describe a digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) chip for the detection of biomarkers in salivary extracellular vesicles (SEVs), which can be used to identify markers for the early diagnosis of tumors. Based on microfluidic technology fine microstructure and microfluidics operations, this dPCR chip can accurate quantitative SEVs in a variety of tumor markers, and shows extremely strong sensitivity (10 copies). In the detection of clinical samples, the chip can effectively distinguish lung cancer cases from normal controls (P < 0.001; two-tailed t-test), and in the detection of extremely low concentration samples, it shows considerably higher precise quantitative ability than quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Overall, this study may shed new light on non-invasive early screening of tumor markers by detecting extracellular vesicle-associated markers in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youlan Qu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China; State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yanan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Zhenhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Dawei Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Hongju Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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16
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Zhang Y, Liu J, Liu S, Yu L, Liu S, Li M, Jin F. Extracellular vesicles in oral squamous cell carcinoma: current progress and future prospect. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1149662. [PMID: 37304135 PMCID: PMC10250623 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1149662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most aggressive oral and maxillofacial malignancy with a high incidence and low survival rate. OSCC is mainly diagnosed by tissue biopsy, which is a highly traumatic procedure with poor timeliness. Although there are various options for treating OSCC, most of them are invasive and have unpredictable therapeutic outcomes. Generally, early diagnosis and noninvasive treatment cannot be always satisfied simultaneously in OSCC. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in intercellular communication. EVs facilitate disease progression and reflect the location and status of the lesions. Therefore, EVs are relatively less invasive diagnostic tools for OSCC. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which EVs are involved in tumorigenesis and tumor treatment have been well studied. This article dissects the involvement of EVs in the diagnosis, development, and treatment of OSCC, providing new insight into the treatment of OSCC by EVs. Different mechanisms, such as inhibiting EV internalization by OSCC cells and constructing engineered vesicles, with potential applications for treating OSCC will be discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jianing Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Periodontology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Siying Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fang Jin
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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17
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He Z, Huang J, Shen W, Lei X, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Shen X, Zhang D, Yu D, Zhou M. A Paper-Based Fluorescent Sensor for Rapid Early Screening of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:24913-24922. [PMID: 37163749 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Various types of sensors play an irreplaceable role in the detection of biomarkers, but their high cost and complicated operation make it difficult to benefit ordinary people. Herein, we develop a low-cost, double-layered, paper-based fluorescent sensor (CP/HQ) structurally consisting of the upper reaction layer loaded with two oxidases (lactate oxidase and choline oxidase) and the bottom fluorescent layer that physically associates with the porphine-grafted composite fluorescent polymer colloids (PF-PDMTP/HQ). Based on the dramatic and rapid fluorescence decrease of porphine induced by the oxidation between saliva and oxidases and subsequent fluorescence resonance energy transfer from oxidized hydroquinone, the resultant fluorescent paper sensor enables us to achieve visual detection of OSCC, which was further recognized by smartphone scanning as the grayscale variation. It was found that the linear sensing range of grayscale value are 10-200 μM for lactic acid and 10-100 μM for choline, with LODs of 5.7 and 8.9 μM, respectively. More importantly, the sensor can achieve a powerful detection capability comparable to that of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in clinical settings with simple operation, demonstrating its great application potential. Our proposed sensor not only improves the accuracy of OSCC diagnosis but also provides a valuable attempt for the device modification of polymer-sensing systems and the development of non-invasive and easy-to-operate disease screening methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejian He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jianyao Huang
- Department of Stomatology Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang 322000, P. R. China
| | - Wenyi Shen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang 310003, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyue Lei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang 310003, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Shen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Dong Zhang
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang 310003, P. R. China
| | - Mi Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
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18
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Feng J, Xiao BL, Zhang LZ, Zhang YH, Tang M, Xu CM, Chen G, Zhang ZL. Simultaneous Detection of Two Extracellular Vesicle Subpopulations in Saliva Assisting Tumor T Staging of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7753-7760. [PMID: 37130010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), acting as important mediators of intercellular communication, play an essential role in physiological processes, which have unique potential in the medical field. However, the heterogeneity of EVs limits their development for disease diagnosis and therapy, making the EV subpopulation analysis extremely valuable. In this article, a simple microfluidic approach was presented for the on-chip specific isolation and detection of two phenotypes of EVs (Annexin V+ EGFR+ EVs and Annexin V- EGFR+ EVs) based on different biomolecule-modified magnetic nanospheres and a fluorescence labeling technique. Combined with the control of the magnetic field in the microzone and fluid flow, it was easy to form two separate functional regions in the chip to capture different EV subpopulations. This method was successfully applied to the tests of clinical saliva samples in 75 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and 10 healthy people. The results showed that the total level of EGFR+ EVs was much higher in OSCC patients that in healthy people. Meantime, the ratio of Annexin V+ EGFR+ EVs to Annexin V- EGFR+ EVs was found to be negatively correlated with tumor T stage of OSCC patients with a statistical difference, which suggested the ratio as a clinical index for monitoring the progression of OSCC in real time based on a noninvasive method. The approach provided a novel idea for evaluating the tumor T stage of OSCC and a powerful tool for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Feng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Lin Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Zhou Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Hua Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Man Tang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Miao Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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19
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El-Mahdy HA, Mohamadin AM, Abulsoud AI, Khidr EG, El-Husseiny AA, Ismail A, Elsakka EGE, Mokhlis HA, El-Husseiny HM, Doghish AS. miRNAs as potential game-changers in head and neck cancer: Future clinical and medicinal uses. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 245:154457. [PMID: 37058745 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are a group of heterogeneous tumors formed most frequently from epithelial cells of the larynx, lips, oropharynx, nasopharynx, and mouth. Numerous epigenetic components, including miRNAs, have been demonstrated to have an impact on HNCs characteristics like progression, angiogenesis, initiation, and resistance to therapeutic interventions. The miRNAs may control the production of numerous genes linked to HNCs pathogenesis. The roles that miRNAs play in angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis are responsible for this impact. The miRNAs also have an impact on crucial HNCs-related mechanistic networks like the WNT/β-catenin signaling, PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway, TGFβ, and KRAS mutations. miRNAs may affect how the HNCs respond to treatments like radiation and chemotherapy in addition to pathophysiology. This review aims to demonstrate the relationship between miRNAs and HNCs with a particular emphasis on how miRNAs impact HNCs signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham A El-Mahdy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Mohamadin
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Emad Gamil Khidr
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Husseiny
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Elsayed G E Elsakka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Hamada Ahmed Mokhlis
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Hussein M El-Husseiny
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Al Qalyubia 13736, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt.
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20
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Liu W, Wang J, Shen X, Shi H. The implications of salivary exosomes as a theranostic secret of human cancers with a focus on oral cancer. Int J Surg 2023; 109:1072-1075. [PMID: 36999809 PMCID: PMC10389483 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinbing Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemin Shen
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Shi
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Liu A, Hefley B, Escandon P, Nicholas SE, Karamichos D. Salivary Exosomes in Health and Disease: Future Prospects in the Eye. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076363. [PMID: 37047335 PMCID: PMC10094317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a group of vesicles that package and transport DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids to recipient cells. They can be derived from blood, saliva, urine, and/or other biological tissues. Their impact on several diseases, such as neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and ocular diseases, have been reported, but not fully unraveled. The exosomes that are derived from saliva are less studied, but offer significant advantages over exosomes from other sources, due to their accessibility and ease of collection. Thus, their role in the pathophysiology of diseases is largely unknown. In the context of ocular diseases, salivary exosomes have been under-utilized, thus creating an enormous gap in the literature. The current review discusses the state of exosomes research on systemic and ocular diseases and highlights the role and potential of salivary exosomes as future ocular therapeutic vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Liu
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Brenna Hefley
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Paulina Escandon
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Sarah E. Nicholas
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-817-735-2101
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22
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Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: From Diagnosis to Disease-Free Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061826. [PMID: 36980712 PMCID: PMC10046514 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) arising from different anatomical sites present with different incidences and characteristics, which requires a personalized treatment strategy. Despite the extensive research that has conducted on this malignancy, HNSCC still has a poor overall survival rate. Many attempts have been made to improve the outcomes, but one of the bottlenecks is thought to be the lack of an effective biomarker with high sensitivity and specificity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by various cells and participate in a great number of intercellular communications. Based on liquid biopsy, EV detection in several biofluids, such as blood, saliva, and urine, has been applied to identify the existence and progression of a variety of cancers. In HNSCC, tumor-derived EVs exhibit many functionalities by transporting diverse cargoes, which highlights their importance in tumor screening, the determination of multidisciplinary therapy, prediction of prognosis, and evaluation of therapeutic effects. This review illustrates the classification and formation of EV subtypes, the cargoes conveyed by these vesicles, and their respective functions in HNSCC cancer biology, and discloses their potential as biomarkers during the whole process of tumor diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.
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23
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Sjoqvist S, Otake K. Saliva and Saliva Extracellular Vesicles for Biomarker Candidate Identification—Assay Development and Pilot Study in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065237. [PMID: 36982312 PMCID: PMC10049503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva is gaining increasing attention as a source of biomarkers due to non-invasive and undemanding collection access. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, cell-released particles that contain molecular information about their parent cells. In this study, we developed methods for saliva biomarker candidate identification using EV-isolation and proteomic evaluation. We used pooled saliva samples for assay development. EVs were isolated using membrane affinity-based methods followed by their characterization using nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Subsequently, both saliva and saliva-EVs were successfully analyzed using proximity extension assay and label-free quantitative proteomics. Saliva-EVs had a higher purity than plasma-EVs, based on the expression of EV-proteins and albumin. The developed methods could be used for the analysis of individual saliva samples from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients and controls (n = 10 each). The starting volume ranged from 2.1 to 4.9 mL and the amount of total isolated EV-proteins ranged from 5.1 to 42.6 µg. Although no proteins were significantly differentially expressed between the two groups, there was a trend for a downregulation of ZNF428 in ALS-saliva-EVs and an upregulation of IGLL1 in ALS saliva. In conclusion, we have developed a robust workflow for saliva and saliva-EV analysis and demonstrated its technical feasibility for biomarker discovery.
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24
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Liquid Biopsy for Oral Cancer Diagnosis: Recent Advances and Challenges. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020303. [PMID: 36836537 PMCID: PMC9960348 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
"Liquid biopsy" is an efficient diagnostic tool used to analyse biomaterials in human body fluids, such as blood, saliva, breast milk, and urine. Various biomaterials derived from a tumour and its microenvironment are released into such body fluids and contain important information for cancer diagnosis. Biomaterial detection can provide "real-time" information about individual tumours, is non-invasive, and is more repeatable than conventional histological analysis. Therefore, over the past two decades, liquid biopsy has been considered an attractive diagnostic tool for malignant tumours. Although biomarkers for oral cancer have not yet been adopted in clinical practice, many molecular candidates have been investigated for liquid biopsies in oral cancer diagnosis, such as the proteome, metabolome, microRNAome, extracellular vesicles, cell-free DNAs, and circulating tumour cells. This review will present recent advances and challenges in liquid biopsy for oral cancer diagnosis.
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25
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Huang Z, Yang X, Huang Y, Tang Z, Chen Y, Liu H, Huang M, Qing L, Li L, Wang Q, Jie Z, Jin X, Jia B. Saliva - a new opportunity for fluid biopsy. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:4-32. [PMID: 36285724 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Saliva is a complex biological fluid with a variety of biomolecules, such as DNA, RNA, proteins, metabolites and microbiota, which can be used for the screening and diagnosis of many diseases. In addition, saliva has the characteristics of simple collection, non-invasive and convenient storage, which gives it the potential to replace blood as a new main body of fluid biopsy, and it is an excellent biological diagnostic fluid. This review integrates recent studies and summarizes the research contents of salivaomics and the research progress of saliva in early diagnosis of oral and systemic diseases. This review aims to explore the value and prospect of saliva diagnosis in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yisheng Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhengming Tang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuanxin Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Mingshu Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ling Qing
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhuye Jie
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Human Commensal Microorganisms and Health Research, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xin Jin
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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26
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The Roles of Exosomes in the Diagnose, Development and Therapeutic Resistance of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031968. [PMID: 36768288 PMCID: PMC9916286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, of which more than half of patients are diagnosed at a locally advanced stage with poor prognosis due to recurrence, metastasis and resistant to treatment. Thus, it is imperative to further explore the potential mechanism of development and drug resistance of oral cancer. Exosomes are small endosome-derived lipid nanoparticles that are released by cells. Since the cargoes of exosomes were inherited from their donor cells, the cargo profiles of exosomes can well recapitulate that of their donor cells. This is the theoretical basis of exosome-based liquid biopsy, providing a tool for early diagnosis of oral cancer. As an important intracellular bioactive cargo delivery vector, exosomes play a critical role in the development of oral cancer by transferring their cargoes to receipt cells. More importantly, recent studies have revealed that exosomes could induce therapy-resistance in oral cancer through multiple ways, including exosome-mediated drug efflux. In this review, we summarize and compare the role of exosomes in the diagnosis, development and therapy-resistant of oral cancer. We also highlight the clinical application of exosomes, and discuss the advantages and challenges of exosomes serving as predictive biomarker, therapy target and therapy vector in oral cancer.
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27
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Extracellular Vesicles Biogenesis, Cargo Sorting and Implications in Disease Conditions. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020280. [PMID: 36672215 PMCID: PMC9856432 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small packages that contain proteins, lipids and nucleic acids and are released by various cell types [...].
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28
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Saproo S, Sarkar SS, Gautam V, Konyak CW, Dass G, Karmakar A, Sharma M, Ahuja G, Gupta A, Tayal J, Mehta A, Naidu S. Salivary protein kinase C alpha and novel microRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic resistance markers for oral squamous cell carcinoma in Indian cohorts. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 9:1106963. [PMID: 36703917 PMCID: PMC9871261 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1106963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in India. Tobacco, alcohol, poor oral hygiene, and socio-economic factors remain causative for this high prevalence. Identification of non-invasive diagnostic markers tailored for Indian population can facilitate mass screening to reduce overall disease burden. Saliva offers non-invasive sampling and hosts a plethora of markers for OSCC diagnosis. Here, to capture the OSCC-specific salivary RNA markers suitable for Indian population, we performed RNA-sequencing of saliva from OSCC patients (n = 9) and normal controls (n = 5). Differential gene expression analysis detected an array of salivary RNAs including mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, transfer-RNAs, and microRNAs specific to OSCC. Computational analysis and functional predictions identified protein kinase c alpha (PRKCA), miR-6087, miR-449b-5p, miR-3656, miR-326, miR-146b-5p, and miR-497-5p as potential salivary indicators of OSCC. Notably, higher expression of PRKCA, miR-6087 and miR-449b-5p were found to be associated with therapeutic resistance and poor survival, indicating their prognostic potential. In addition, sequencing reads that did not map to the human genome, showed alignments with microbial reference genomes. Metagenomic and statistical analysis of these microbial reads revealed a remarkable microbial dysbiosis between OSCC patients and normal controls. Moreover, the differentially abundant microbial taxa showed a significant association with tumor promoting pathways including inflammation and oxidative stress. Summarily, we provide an integrated landscape of OSCC-specific salivary RNAs relevant to Indian population which can be instrumental in devising non-invasive diagnostics for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetanshu Saproo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Shashanka S. Sarkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Vishakha Gautam
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology- Delhi (IIIT-Delhi), New Delhi, India
| | - Chingmei W. Konyak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Gouri Dass
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Arpita Karmakar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Mansi Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Gaurav Ahuja
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology- Delhi (IIIT-Delhi), New Delhi, India
| | - Anand Gupta
- Department of Dentistry, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Juhi Tayal
- Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Anurag Mehta
- Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Srivatsava Naidu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India,*Correspondence: Srivatsava Naidu,
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29
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Zhang X, Li B. Updates of liquid biopsy in oral cancer and multiomics analysis. Oral Dis 2023; 29:51-61. [PMID: 34716963 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is a method sampled from body fluids, such as blood, saliva, urine, pleural effusion, cerebrospinal fluid, and so on. It is minimally invasive and reproducible and therefore can build a dynamic, real-time monitoring of oral squamous cell carcinoma patient's conditions and treatment responses. Circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA and exosomes are three main detection objects of liquid biopsy, having different detection methods and features involving cost, sensitivity, specificity and output. Blood and saliva are the options of liquid biopsy in oral cancer. Then we reviewed the studies of liquid biopsy in oral cancer, integrating multiomics analysis of these results. The multiomics analysis of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and DNA methylation have shown potential for the early screening, diagnosis, staging, prognosis, personalized medicine therapy, and monitoring of recurrence (minimal residual disease). Besides, we concluded some problems to be solved, such as the lack of the standard of the measurement methods and procedures of samples, the insufficient connection among different omics, and how to improve the sensitivity and specificity. And we also put up rough assumptions to these problems. However, the analysis of multiomics of liquid biopsy in oral cancer still shows great clinical value in the diagnosis and treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinning Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing, China
| | - Binbin Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing, China
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30
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Wang H, Yang Z, Ai S, Xiao J. Updated Methods of Extracellular Vesicles Isolation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1418:3-14. [PMID: 37603269 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1443-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered as cargo and mediate intercellular communication. As natural biological nanoparticles, EVs can be secreted by almost all kinds of cells and exist in biofluids such as milk, urine, blood, etc. In the past decades, several methods have been utilized to isolate EVs from cell culture medium, biofluids, and tissues. Here in this chapter, we summarized conventional and novel methods and fundamental procedures of EVs extraction and purification from different biofluids (plasma, urine, milk, and saliva) and tissues (brain, intestinal tissue, muscles, and heart). The present section also discusses how to choose appropriate methods to extract EVs from tissues based on downstream analysis. This chapter will expand the horizons of EVs isolation and purification from different mediums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijiang Yang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Songwei Ai
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
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31
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Ukey S, Jain A, Dwivedi S, Choudhury C, Vishnoi JR, Chugh A, Purohit P, Pareek P, Elhence P, Misra S, Sharma P. Study of MicroRNA (miR-221-3p, miR-133a-3p, and miR-9-5p) Expressions in Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Indian J Clin Biochem 2023; 38:73-82. [PMID: 36684498 PMCID: PMC9852399 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-022-01035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the common types of cancer. Its progression follows a transition from oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) such as oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Epigenetic modifiers, especially microRNAs (miRNAs), have an appreciable role in the regulation of various carcinogenic pathways which are being used as biomarkers. miRNAs may also be helpful in the differentiation of oral submucous fibrosis from oral squamous cell carcinoma. Three miRNAs, miR-221-3p, miR133a-3p, and miR-9-5p, were found differentially expressed in many cancers in the literature search supported by our preliminary database search-based screening. The literature and our functional enrichment analysis in an earlier study have reported these miRNAs to regulate carcinogenesis at various steps. In the present study, the expression of these miRNAs was examined in 34 histopathologically confirmed OSCC, 30 OSMF, and 29 control (healthy volunteers) human samples. There was a significant downregulation of miRNA-133a-3p in OSCC compared to OSMF and controls, whereas there was up-regulation in oral submucous fibrosis compared to controls. There was no significant difference in the expression of miR-221-3p between OSCC and OSMF, but an upregulation in OSCC compared to controls. miR-9-5p was also found upregulated in both OSCC and OSMF. Further, miR-133a-3p expression was negatively correlated with age, smoking, drinking status, and AJCC staging, whereas miR-9-5p expression was only positively associated with tobacco/ areca nut chewing. The ROC plots, logistic regression model generated, and the correlation between the expression of miR-9-5p and miR-133a-3p in blood and tissue suggests that these could be used as risk stratification biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Ukey
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005 India
| | - Ankit Jain
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005 India
| | | | | | - Jeewan Ram Vishnoi
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005 India
| | - Ankita Chugh
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005 India
| | - Purvi Purohit
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005 India
| | - Puneet Pareek
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005 India
| | - Poonam Elhence
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005 India
| | - Sanjeev Misra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005 India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005 India
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Xu X, Jin B, Cai L, Zhang Z, Ying Y, Luo J. MicroRNA-382-5p Promotes Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Development and Progression by Negatively Regulating PTEN Expression. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022; 80:2015-2023. [PMID: 36162436 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) local recurrence and distant metastasis remain a poorly understood clinical challenge. The objective of this study was to investigate how dysregulation of miR-382-5p impacts invasion and dissemination of OSCC. METHODS Tissue samples were collected from 20 subjects with OSCC. Expression levels of miR-382-5p were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and correlations with clinical characteristics were investigated. qRT-PCR was used to determine the miR-382-5p and peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PTEN) expression in tumor tissues, adjacent normal tissues, normal human oral keratinocyte line, and OSCC line (SCC-9). Cell proliferation, invasion, and migration of knock-in and knock-down miR-382-5p transfectants were assessed using cell counting kit-8 and Transwell assays. PTEN was confirmed to be a downstream target using a TargetScan prediction, dual-luciferase reporter assays, and western blot analysis. Statistical analysis of experimental data was performed with SPSS 22.0 software. RESULTS We found high expression of miR-382-5p and significant downregulation of PTEN in tumor tissues and SCC-9 cells from OSCC patients (P < .05). miR-382-5p expression was lower in early stage (I + II) than in late stage (III + IV), while PTEN exhibited higher expression in early stage (I + II) instead of in late stage (III + IV) (P < .05). In addition, overexpression of miR-382-5p promoted the proliferation, invasion, and migration of OSCC cells. However, the proliferation, invasion, and migration of OSCC cells were inhibited after suppression of miR-382-5p. Finally, PTEN is downregulated by miR-382-5p. CONCLUSION MiR-382-5p supports proliferation, invasion, and migration of OSCC cells through the PTEN pathway. Further investigation may improve our understanding of OSCC local recurrence and distant metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Xu
- Attending Physician, Department of Stomatology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Bei Jin
- Attending Physician, Department of Stomatology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, P.R. China
| | - Lina Cai
- Attending Physician, Department of Stomatology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- Resident Physician, Department of Stomatology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yukang Ying
- Chief Physician, Department of Stomatology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jun Luo
- Chief Physician, Department of Stomatology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.
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33
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Yu W, Li S, Zhang G, Xu HHK, Zhang K, Bai Y. New frontiers of oral sciences: Focus on the source and biomedical application of extracellular vesicles. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1023700. [PMID: 36338125 PMCID: PMC9627311 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1023700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a class of nanoparticles that are derived from almost any type of cell in the organism tested thus far and are present in all body fluids. With the capacity to transfer "functional cargo and biological information" to regulate local and distant intercellular communication, EVs have developed into an attractive focus of research for various physiological and pathological conditions. The oral cavity is a special organ of the human body. It includes multiple types of tissue, and it is also the beginning of the digestive tract. Moreover, the oral cavity harbors thousands of bacteria. The importance and particularity of oral function indicate that EVs derived from oral cavity are quite complex but promising for further research. This review will discuss the extensive source of EVs in the oral cavity, including both cell sources and cell-independent sources. Besides, accumulating evidence supports extensive biomedical applications of extracellular vesicles in oral tissue regeneration and development, diagnosis and treatment of head and neck tumors, diagnosis and therapy of systemic disease, drug delivery, and horizontal gene transfer (HGT). The immune cell source, odontoblasts and ameloblasts sources, diet source and the application of EVs in tooth development and HGT were reviewed for the first time. In conclusion, we concentrate on the extensive source and potential applications offered by these nanovesicles in oral science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guohao Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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34
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Faur CI, Roman RC, Jurj A, Raduly L, Almășan O, Rotaru H, Chirilă M, Moldovan MA, Hedeșiu M, Dinu C. Salivary Exosomal MicroRNA-486-5p and MicroRNA-10b-5p in Oral and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58101478. [PMID: 36295638 PMCID: PMC9610161 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58101478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The research aimed at evaluating the capacity of salivary exosomal miR-10b-5p and miR-486-5p for oral and oropharyngeal cancer detection. Materials and Methods: The saliva samples were harvested from histopathological diagnosed oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients and healthy volunteer subjects. The exosomes were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation and quantified by Nano Track Analysis. The microRNAs were extracted and quantified from salivary exosomes by quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Results: This research comprised fifty participants. When compared to healthy controls, salivary exosomal miR-486-5p was elevated and miR-10b-5p was reduced in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, miR-486-5p had a high expression level in stage II of cancer in comparison to the other cancer stages. The cancer samples presented an increased exosome dimension compared to the control samples. Conclusions: Salivary exosomal miR-10b-5p and miR-486-5p have an altered expression in oral and oropharyngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin Ioan Faur
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Radiology, Oral Radiology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 32 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rareș Călin Roman
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Radiology, Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 33 Moților Street, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Ancuța Jurj
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lajos Raduly
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Almășan
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 32 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Horațiu Rotaru
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Radiology, Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 33 Moților Street, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Magdalena Chirilă
- 8th Department-Surgical Secialties, O.R.L., “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4-6 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mădălina Anca Moldovan
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Radiology, Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 33 Moților Street, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Hedeșiu
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Radiology, Oral Radiology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 32 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Dinu
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Radiology, Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Iuliu Hossu Street, 400429 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Palaia G, Pippi R, Rocchetti F, Caputo M, Macali F, Mohsen A, Del Vecchio A, Tenore G, Romeo U. Liquid biopsy in the assessment of microRNAs in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review. J Clin Exp Dent 2022; 14:e875-e884. [PMID: 36320672 PMCID: PMC9617270 DOI: 10.4317/jced.59736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The identification of non-invasive biomarkers from biological fluids collected by liquid biopsy provides new horizons for individualized therapeutic strategies and improves clinical decision-making in OSCC patients. Circulating microRNAs have emerged as biomarkers that may reflect not only the existence of cancer, but also the dynamic, malignant potential, and drug resistance of tumors. The aim of the systematic review is to evaluate and summarize the results of the published studies regarding the use of microRNAs as biomarkers for OSCC. Material and Methods A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases till November 2020. A total of 34 studies met the inclusion criteria and were therefore subjected to quality assessment. Each study was subjected to data extraction including; patient characteristics, type of fluid sample (whole blood, plasma, serum, or saliva), molecular analysis method, specific dysregulated microRNA, and microRNA expression pattern. Results The analysis showed that 57 microRNAs of liquid biopsy samples of four different fluids (whole blood, serum, plasma, and saliva) were analyzed. The prognostic and therapeutic significance of these microRNAs were suggested by several studies; where 41 microRNAs were upregulated while 16 were downregulated. Conclusions Scientific evidence supports the interest in the use of microRNAs in the diagnosis and prognosis in OSCC patients; however, further studies in a larger cohort of patients are mandatory to introduce liquid biopsy in the routine clinical practice for the OSCC management. Key words:Biomarkers, liquid biopsy, microRNA, oral squamous cell carcinoma, systematic review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspare Palaia
- Department of Oral Sciences and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Roberto Pippi
- Department of Oral Sciences and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Federica Rocchetti
- Department of Oral Sciences and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Martina Caputo
- Department of Oral Sciences and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Federica Macali
- Department of Oral Sciences and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Ahmed Mohsen
- Department of Oral Sciences and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome
| | | | - Gianluca Tenore
- Department of Oral Sciences and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Umberto Romeo
- Department of Oral Sciences and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome
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Chantre-Justino M, Alves G, Delmonico L. Clinical applications of liquid biopsy in HPV‐negative and HPV‐positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: advances and challenges. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:533-552. [PMID: 36071985 PMCID: PMC9446158 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) represent the most common epithelial tumors that arise from mucosa of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. The development of HNSCCs is usually associated with tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Most HNSCCs are diagnosed in advanced states, leading to a worse clinical outcome. Screening tests based on potential biomarkers associated with HNSCCs could improve this scenario. Liquid biopsy has emerged as a promising area of cancer investigation, offering a minimally invasive approach to track circulating biomarkers in body fluids that could potentially contribute to the diagnosis, predict prognosis, and monitor response to treatment. This review will discuss translational studies describing the clinical applications of liquid biopsy in HPV-negative and HPV-positive HNSCCs focused on circulating nucleic acids [cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and cell-free RNA (cfRNA)], circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and extracellular vesicles (EVs), which can be found in plasma, serum, and saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Chantre-Justino
- 1Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics (INTO), Rio de Janeiro 20940-070, Brazil 2Circulating Biomarkers Laboratory, Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Gilda Alves
- 2Circulating Biomarkers Laboratory, Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Lucas Delmonico
- 3Oncoclínicas Precision Medicine, Vila Nova Conceição, São Paulo 04513-020, Brazil
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Hofmann L, Abou Kors T, Ezić J, Niesler B, Röth R, Ludwig S, Laban S, Schuler PJ, Hoffmann TK, Brunner C, Medyany V, Theodoraki MN. Comparison of plasma- and saliva-derived exosomal miRNA profiles reveals diagnostic potential in head and neck cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:971596. [PMID: 36072342 PMCID: PMC9441766 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.971596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) lack tumor-specific biomarkers. Exosomes from HNSCC patients carry immunomodulatory molecules, and correlate with clinical parameters. We compared miRNA profiles of plasma- and saliva-derived exosomes to reveal liquid biomarker candidates for HNSCC. Methods: Exosomes were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation from corresponding plasma and saliva samples from 11 HNSCC patients and five healthy donors (HD). Exosomal miRNA profiles, as determined by nCounter® SPRINT technology, were analyzed regarding their diagnostic and prognostic potential, correlated to clinical data and integrated into network analysis. Results: 119 miRNAs overlapped between plasma- and saliva-derived exosomes of HNSCC patients, from which 29 tumor-exclusive miRNAs, associated with TP53, TGFB1, PRDM1, FOX O 1 and CDH1 signaling, were selected. By intra-correlation of tumor-exclusive miRNAs from plasma and saliva, top 10 miRNA candidates with the strongest correlation emerged as diagnostic panels to discriminate cancer and healthy as well as potentially prognostic panels for disease-free survival (DFS). Further, exosomal miRNAs were differentially represented in human papillomavirus (HPV) positive and negative as well as low and high stage disease. Conclusion: A plasma- and a saliva-derived panel of tumor-exclusive exosomal miRNAs hold great potential as liquid biopsy for discrimination between cancer and healthy as well as HPV status and disease stage. Exosomal miRNAs from both biofluids represent a promising tool for future biomarker studies, emphasizing the possibility to substitute plasma by less-invasive saliva collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Hofmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tsima Abou Kors
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jasmin Ezić
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Beate Niesler
- nCounter Core Facility, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralph Röth
- nCounter Core Facility, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sonja Ludwig
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Simon Laban
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick J. Schuler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas K. Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Valentin Medyany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marie-Nicole Theodoraki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marie-Nicole Theodoraki,
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Liquid Biopsy and Circulating Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Precancerous and Cancerous Oral Lesions. Noncoding RNA 2022; 8:ncrna8040060. [PMID: 36005828 PMCID: PMC9414906 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna8040060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, accounting for 2% of all cases annually and 1.8% of all cancer deaths. To date, tissue biopsy and histopathological analyses are the gold standard methods for the diagnosis of oral cancers. However, oral cancer is generally diagnosed at advanced stages with a consequent poor 5-year survival (~50%) due to limited screening programs and inefficient physical examination strategies. To address these limitations, liquid biopsy is recently emerging as a novel minimally invasive tool for the early identification of tumors as well as for the evaluation of tumor heterogeneity and prognosis of patients. Several studies have demonstrated that liquid biopsy in oral cancer could be useful for the detection of circulating biomarkers including circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), proteins, and exosomes, thus improving diagnostic strategies and paving the way to personalized medicine. However, the application of liquid biopsy in oral cancer is still limited and further studies are needed to better clarify its clinical impact. The present manuscript aims to provide an updated overview of the potential use of liquid biopsy as an additional tool for the management of oral lesions by describing the available methodologies and the most promising biomarkers.
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Hofmann L, Medyany V, Ezić J, Lotfi R, Niesler B, Röth R, Engelhardt D, Laban S, Schuler PJ, Hoffmann TK, Brunner C, Jackson EK, Theodoraki MN. Cargo and Functional Profile of Saliva-Derived Exosomes Reveal Biomarkers Specific for Head and Neck Cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:904295. [PMID: 35899209 PMCID: PMC9309685 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.904295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes contribute to immunosuppression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), a tumor entity which lacks specific tumor biomarkers. Plasma-derived exosomes from HNSCC patients correlate with clinical parameters and have potential as liquid biopsy. Here, we investigate the cargo and functional profile of saliva-derived exosomes from HNSCC patients and their potential as non-invasive biomarkers for disease detection and immunomodulation. Methods Exosomes were isolated from saliva of HNSCC patients (n = 21) and healthy donors (HD, n = 12) by differential ultracentrifugation. Surface values of immune checkpoints and tumor associated antigens on saliva-derived exosomes were analyzed by bead-based flow cytometry using CD63 capture. Upon co-incubation with saliva-derived exosomes, activity and proliferation of T cells were assessed by flow cytometry (CD69 expression, CFSE assay). Adenosine levels were measured by mass spectrometry after incubation of saliva-derived exosomes with exogenous ATP. miRNA profiling of saliva-derived exosomes was performed using the nCounter® SPRINT system. Results Saliva-derived, CD63-captured exosomes from HNSCC patients carried high amounts of CD44v3, PDL1 and CD39. Compared to plasma, saliva was rich in tumor-derived, CD44v3+ exosomes and poor in hematopoietic cell-derived, CD45+ exosomes. CD8+ T cell activity was attenuated by saliva-derived exosomes from HNSCC patients, while proliferation of CD4+ T cells was not affected. Further, saliva-derived exosomes produced high levels of immunosuppressive adenosine. 62 HD- and 31 HNSCC-exclusive miRNAs were identified. Samples were grouped in "Healthy" and "Cancer" based on their saliva-derived exosomal miRNA profile, which was further found to be involved in RAS/MAPK, NF-κB complex, Smad2/3, and IFN-α signaling. Conclusions Saliva-derived exosomes from HNSCC patients were enriched in tumor-derived exosomes whose cargo and functional profile reflected an immunosuppressive TME. Surface values of CD44v3, PDL1 and CD39 on CD63-captured exosomes, adenosine production and the miRNA cargo of saliva-derived exosomes emerged as discriminators of disease and emphasized their potential as liquid biomarkers specific for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Hofmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Valentin Medyany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jasmin Ezić
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ramin Lotfi
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Services Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Beate Niesler
- nCounter Core Facility, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralph Röth
- nCounter Core Facility, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daphne Engelhardt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simon Laban
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick J Schuler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas K Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Edwin K Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Marie-Nicole Theodoraki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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Roganović J, Petrović N. Clinical Perspectives of Non-Coding RNA in Oral Inflammatory Diseases and Neuropathic Pain: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158278. [PMID: 35955417 PMCID: PMC9368403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent a research hotspot by playing a key role in epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of diverse biological functions and due to their involvement in different diseases, including oral inflammatory diseases. Based on ncRNAs’ suitability for salivary biomarkers and their involvement in neuropathic pain and tissue regeneration signaling pathways, the present narrative review aims to highlight the potential clinical applications of ncRNAs in oral inflammatory diseases, with an emphasis on salivary diagnostics, regenerative dentistry, and precision medicine for neuropathic orofacial pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Roganović
- Department of Pharmacology in Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-641976330
| | - Nina Petrović
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Nauwelaerts SJD, De Cremer K, Bustos Sierra N, Gand M, Van Geel D, Delvoye M, Vandermassen E, Vercauteren J, Stroobants C, Bernard A, Saenen ND, Nawrot TS, Roosens NHC, De Keersmaecker SCJ. Assessment of the Feasibility of a Future Integrated Larger-Scale Epidemiological Study to Evaluate Health Risks of Air Pollution Episodes in Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148531. [PMID: 35886381 PMCID: PMC9323067 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution exposure can lead to exacerbation of respiratory disorders in children. Using sensitive biomarkers helps to assess the impact of air pollution on children’s respiratory health and combining protein, genetic and epigenetic biomarkers gives insights on their interrelatedness. Most studies do not contain such an integrated approach and investigate these biomarkers individually in blood, although its collection in children is challenging. Our study aimed at assessing the feasibility of conducting future integrated larger-scale studies evaluating respiratory health risks of air pollution episodes in children, based on a qualitative analysis of the technical and logistic aspects of a small-scale field study involving 42 children. This included the preparation, collection and storage of non-invasive samples (urine, saliva), the measurement of general and respiratory health parameters and the measurement of specific biomarkers (genetic, protein, epigenetic) of respiratory health and air pollution exposure. Bottlenecks were identified and modifications were proposed to expand this integrated study to a higher number of children, time points and locations. This would allow for non-invasive assessment of the impact of air pollution exposure on the respiratory health of children in future larger-scale studies, which is critical for the development of policies or measures at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. D. Nauwelaerts
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (S.J.D.N.); (M.G.); (D.V.G.); (M.D.); (E.V.); (N.H.C.R.)
- Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, University Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Koen De Cremer
- Platform Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | | | - Mathieu Gand
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (S.J.D.N.); (M.G.); (D.V.G.); (M.D.); (E.V.); (N.H.C.R.)
| | - Dirk Van Geel
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (S.J.D.N.); (M.G.); (D.V.G.); (M.D.); (E.V.); (N.H.C.R.)
| | - Maud Delvoye
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (S.J.D.N.); (M.G.); (D.V.G.); (M.D.); (E.V.); (N.H.C.R.)
| | - Els Vandermassen
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (S.J.D.N.); (M.G.); (D.V.G.); (M.D.); (E.V.); (N.H.C.R.)
| | - Jordy Vercauteren
- Unit Air, Vlaamse Milieumaatschappij, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium; (J.V.); (C.S.)
| | | | - Alfred Bernard
- Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, University Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Nelly D. Saenen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (N.D.S.); (T.S.N.)
| | - Tim S. Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (N.D.S.); (T.S.N.)
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nancy H. C. Roosens
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (S.J.D.N.); (M.G.); (D.V.G.); (M.D.); (E.V.); (N.H.C.R.)
| | - Sigrid C. J. De Keersmaecker
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (S.J.D.N.); (M.G.); (D.V.G.); (M.D.); (E.V.); (N.H.C.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Dhar R, Mallik S, Devi A. Exosomal microRNAs (exoMIRs): micromolecules with macro impact in oral cancer. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:155. [DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Liu H, Huang Y, Huang M, Huang Z, Wang Q, Qing L, Li L, Xu S, Jia B. Current Status, Opportunities, and Challenges of Exosomes in Oral Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:2679-2705. [PMID: 35733418 PMCID: PMC9208818 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s365594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, with more than 300,000 cases diagnosed each year, of which oral squamous cell carcinoma accounts for more than 90%, with a 5-year survival rate of only 40–60%, and poor prognosis. Exploring new strategies for the early diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer is key to improving the survival rate. Exosomes are nanoscale lipid bilayer membrane vesicles that are secreted by almost all cell types. During the development of oral cancer, exosomes can transport their contents (DNA, RNA, proteins, etc) to target cells and promote or inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of oral cancer cells by influencing the host immune response, drug-resistant metastasis, and tumour angiogenesis. Therefore, exosomes have great potential and advantages as biomarkers for oral cancer diagnosis, and as drug delivery vehicles or targets for oral cancer therapy. In this review, we first describe the biogenesis, biological functions, and isolation methods of exosomes, followed by their relationship with oral cancer. Here, we focused on the potential of exosomes as oral cancer biomarkers, drug carriers, and therapeutic targets. Finally, we provide an insightful discussion of the opportunities and challenges of exosome application in oral cancer diagnosis and treatment, intending to offer new ideas for the clinical management of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Liu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yisheng Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingshu Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijie Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Qing
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaimei Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Babu S, Krishnan M, Priya Veeraraghavan V, Jayaraman S. Role of salivary miRNAs in the diagnosis and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2022; 132:105993. [PMID: 35763912 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.105993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shyamaladevi Babu
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Tamil Nadu 603103, India.
| | - Madhan Krishnan
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Tamil Nadu 603103, India
| | - Vishu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
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45
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Hu X, Zhang Q, Xing W, Wang W. Role of microRNA/lncRNA Intertwined With the Wnt/β-Catenin Axis in Regulating the Pathogenesis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:814971. [PMID: 35814205 PMCID: PMC9263262 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.814971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective (s): In this mini-review, we aimed to discuss the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway modulation in triple-negative breast cancer, particularly the contribution of lncRNAs and miRNAs in its regulation and their possible entwining role in breast cancer pathogenesis, proliferation, migration, or malignancy.Background: Malignant tumor formation is very high for breast cancer in women and is a leading cause of death all over the globe. Among breast cancer subtypes, triple-negative breast cancer is rife in premenopausal women, most invasive, and prone to metastasis. Complex pathways are involved in this cancer’s pathogenesis, advancement, and malignancy, including the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This pathway is conserved among vertebrates and is necessary for sustaining cell homeostasis. It is regulated by several elements such as transcription factors, enhancers, non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs and miRNAs), etc.Methods: We evaluated lncRNAs and miRNAs differentially expressed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) from the cDNA microarray data set literature survey. Using in silico analyses combined with a review of the current literature, we anticipated identifying lncRNAs and miRNAs that might modulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.Result: The miRNAs and lncRNAs specific to triple-negative breast cancer have been identified based on literature and database searches. Tumorigenesis, metastasis, and EMT were all given special attention. Apart from cross-talk being essential for TNBC tumorigenesis and treatment outcomes, our results indicated eight upregulated and seven downregulated miRNAs and 19 upregulated and three downregulated lncRNAs that can be used as predictive or diagnostic markers. This consolidated information could be useful in the clinic and provide a combined literature resource for TNBC researchers working on the Wnt/β-catenin miRNA/lncRNA axis.Conclusion: In conclusion, because the Wnt pathway and miRNAs/lncRNAs can modulate TNBC, their intertwinement results in a cascade of complex reactions that affect TNBC and related processes. Their function in TNBC pathogenesis has been highlighted in molecular processes underlying the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Wanying Xing
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Wan Wang,
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Li T, Li J, Wang H, Zhao J, Yan M, He H, Yu S. Exosomes: Potential Biomarkers and Functions in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:881794. [PMID: 35775082 PMCID: PMC9237451 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.881794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), originating from the mucosal epithelial cells of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx, is a lethal malignancy of the head and neck. Patients with advanced and recurrent HNSCC have poor outcomes due to limited therapeutic options. Exosomes have active roles in the pathophysiology of tumors and are suggested as a potential therapeutic target of HNSCC. Exosomes in HNSCC have been intensively studied for disease activity, tumor staging, immunosuppression, and therapeutic monitoring. In this review, the biological mechanisms and the recent clinical application of exosomes are highlighted to reveal the potential of exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jiayu Zhao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Mingze Yan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Hongjiang He
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Hongjiang He, ; Shan Yu,
| | - Shan Yu
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Hongjiang He, ; Shan Yu,
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Jokar S, Marques IA, Khazaei S, Martins-Marques T, Girao H, Laranjo M, Botelho MF. The Footprint of Exosomes in the Radiation-Induced Bystander Effects. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9060243. [PMID: 35735486 PMCID: PMC9220715 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9060243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is widely used as the primary treatment option for several cancer types. However, radiation therapy is a nonspecific method and associated with significant challenges such as radioresistance and non-targeted effects. The radiation-induced non-targeted effects on nonirradiated cells nearby are known as bystander effects, while effects far from the ionising radiation-exposed cells are known as abscopal effects. These effects are presented as a consequence of intercellular communications. Therefore, a better understanding of the involved intercellular signals may bring promising new strategies for radiation risk assessment and potential targets for developing novel radiotherapy strategies. Recent studies indicate that radiation-derived extracellular vesicles, particularly exosomes, play a vital role in intercellular communications and may result in radioresistance and non-targeted effects. This review describes exosome biology, intercellular interactions, and response to different environmental stressors and diseases, and focuses on their role as functional mediators in inducing radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Safura Jokar
- Department of Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P94V+927, Iran;
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.A.M.); (M.L.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (T.M.-M.); (H.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês A. Marques
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.A.M.); (M.L.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (T.M.-M.); (H.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Saeedeh Khazaei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P94V+927, Iran;
| | - Tania Martins-Marques
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (T.M.-M.); (H.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Girao
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (T.M.-M.); (H.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.A.M.); (M.L.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (T.M.-M.); (H.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.A.M.); (M.L.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (T.M.-M.); (H.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Li Y, Gao S, Hu Q, Wu F. Functional Properties of Cancer Epithelium and Stroma-Derived Exosomes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050757. [PMID: 35629423 PMCID: PMC9145061 DOI: 10.3390/life12050757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroma–cancer cell crosstalk involves a complex signaling network that contributes to tumor progression, including carcinogenesis, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, and therapy resistance in cancers. Exosomes, as extracellular membranous nanovesicles released by almost all types of cells, including tumor cells and stromal cells, play a critical role in signal delivery and material communication, in which the characteristics of their parent cells are reflected. The tumor or stroma-derived exosomes mediate cell–cell communication in the tumor microenvironment by transporting DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, and metabolites. Recent studies on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have demonstrated that tumor-derived exosomes support various tumor biological behaviors, whereas the functional roles of stroma-derived exosomes remain largely unknown. Although these exosomes are emerging as promising targets in early diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and pharmaceutical carriers for antitumor therapy, there are still multiple hurdles to be overcome before they can be used in clinical applications. Herein, we systematically summarize the promotive roles of the epithelium and stroma-derived exosomes in HNSCC and highlight the potential clinical applications of exosomes in the treatment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Ningxia Medical University, South Sheng Li Street 804, Yinchuan 750004, China;
- Key Laboratory of Stomatology of Fujian Province, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Yang Qiao Middle Road 246, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Shengtao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, South Renmin Road, Sec. 3, No. 14, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Qi Hu
- College of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, South Sheng Li Street 1160, Yinchuan 750004, China;
| | - Fanglong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, South Renmin Road, Sec. 3, No. 14, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence:
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Console L, Scalise M. Extracellular Vesicles and Cell Pathways Involved in Cancer Chemoresistance. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050618. [PMID: 35629286 PMCID: PMC9143651 DOI: 10.3390/life12050618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a pharmacological condition that allows transformed cells to maintain their proliferative phenotype in the presence of administered anticancer drugs. Recently, extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, have been identified as additional players responsible for the chemoresistance of cancer cells. These are nanovesicles that are released by almost all cell types in both physiological and pathological conditions and contain proteins and nucleic acids as molecular cargo. Extracellular vesicles released in the bloodstream reach recipient cells and confer them novel metabolic properties. Exosomes can foster chemoresistance by promoting prosurvival and antiapoptotic pathways, affecting cancer stem cells and immunotherapies, and stimulating drug efflux. In this context, a crucial role is played by membrane transporters belonging to ABC, SLC, and P-type pump families. These proteins are fundamental in cell metabolism and drug transport in either physiological or pathological conditions. In this review, different roles of extracellular vesicles in drug resistance of cancer cells will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Console
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (M.S.); Tel.: +39-0984-492919 (L.C.); +39-0984-492938 (M.S.)
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Patel A, Patel S, Patel P, Tanavde V. Saliva Based Liquid Biopsies in Head and Neck Cancer: How Far Are We From the Clinic? Front Oncol 2022; 12:828434. [PMID: 35387114 PMCID: PMC8977527 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.828434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) remains to be a major cause of mortality worldwide because of confounding factors such as late-stage tumor diagnosis, loco-regional aggressiveness and distant metastasis. The current standardized diagnostic regime for HNC is tissue biopsy which fails to determine the thorough tumor dynamics. Therefore, due to the ease of collection, recent studies have focused on the utility of saliva based liquid biopsy approach for serial sampling, early diagnosis, prognosis, longitudinal monitoring of disease progression and treatment response in HNC patients. Saliva collection is convenient, non-invasive, and pain-free and offers repetitive sampling along with real time monitoring of the disease. Moreover, the detection, isolation and analysis of tumor-derived components such as Circulating Tumor Nucleic Acids (CTNAs), Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) and metabolites from saliva can be used for genomic and proteomic examination of HNC patients. Although, these circulatory biomarkers have a wide range of applications in clinical settings, no validated data has yet been established for their usage in clinical practice for HNC. Improvements in isolation and detection technologies and next-generation sequencing analysis have resolved many technological hurdles, allowing a wide range of saliva based liquid biopsy application in clinical backgrounds. Thus, in this review, we discussed the rationality of saliva as plausible biofluid and clinical sample for diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics of HNC. We have described the molecular components of saliva that could mirror the disease status, recent outcomes of salivaomics associated with HNC and current technologies which have the potential to improve the clinical value of saliva in HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Patel
- Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Shanaya Patel
- Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Parina Patel
- Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Vivek Tanavde
- Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, India.,Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
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