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Wang Y, Zhao Z, Jiao W, Yin Z, Zhao W, Bo H, Bi Z, Dong B, Chen B, Wang Z. PRAF2 is an oncogene acting to promote the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:738. [PMID: 36478884 PMCID: PMC9716117 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenylated rab acceptor 1 domain family member 2 (PRAF2) acts as an oncogene and is closely related to the occurrence and development of various tumors. The present study aimed to clarify the functional relevance of PRAF2 in the biological behaviors of breast cancer by determining the expression of PRAF2 in breast cancer tissues and the corresponding adjacent tissues. The gene phenotypes of PRAF2 in patients with breast cancer in The Cancer Genome Atlas database were predicted using a cancer data online analysis website: The University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Data Analaysis Portal (UALCAN). The mRNA and protein expression of PRAF2 was further examined in 37 pairs of fresh frozen breast cancer tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. High expression of PRAF2 was verified by RT-qPCR in the breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology was used to silence PRAF2. In the in vitro cell functional experiment, three groups were used: Negative control (NC) group, siRNA-NC group and siRNA-PRAF2 group. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays were conducted to analyze the effect of downregulation of PRAF2 on the proliferation of breast cancer cells. Transwell invasion and cell scratch assays were performed to examine the effect of downregulation of PRAF2 on the invasion and migration of breast cancer cells. UALCAN analysis results indicated that PRAF2 expression was upregulated in breast cancer compared with normal tissue samples (P<0.001). High expression of PRAF2 in breast cancer was associated with TNM stage and regional lymph node metastasis. RT-qPCR results showed increased mRNA expression of PRAF2 in clinical tissue samples from 37 patients with breast cancer, compared with normal adjacent tissues (P<0.001). Protein expression of PRAF2 was also shown to be higher in the breast cancer MCF-7 cells than in the MDA-MB-231 cells. Western blotting analysis combined with ImageJ software quantification showed that the relative expression of PRAF2 protein was significantly higher in clinical tissue samples from 37 patients with breast cancer (1.9750±0.0103) than that in normal adjacent tissues (0.9818±0.0140) (P<0.001). Western blotting analysis results indicated that transfection with siRNA PRAF2 in MCF-7 cells decreased PRAF2 expression (P<0.001). The results of CCK-8 and colony formation assays revealed that downregulation of PRAF2 expression suppressed the proliferation of MCF-7 cells (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively). In addition, Transwell invasion and cell scratch assay results showed that downregulation of PRAF2 expression in MCF-7 cells repressed invasion and migration of cancer cells (P<0.001). Overall, PRAF2 expression was significantly higher in breast cancer tissues than normal adjacent tissues, and was closely related to TNM stage and regional lymph node metastasis in breast cancer. PRAF2 was found to act as an oncogene that is able to promote breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Thus, PRAF2 may be a potential prognostic factor in patients with breast cancer and a potential target for the treatment of breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jiao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Zhaocai Yin
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Wanjun Zhao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Hongguang Bo
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Zilin Bi
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Bingbin Dong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Zheng Wang or Dr Bin Chen, Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 2 Zheshan West Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Zheng Wang or Dr Bin Chen, Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 2 Zheshan West Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
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Meyer T, Sand M, Schmitz L, Stockfleth E. The Role of Circular RNAs in Keratinocyte Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164240. [PMID: 34439394 PMCID: PMC8392367 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinocyte carcinomas (KC) include basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC) and represents the most common cancer in Europe and North America. Both entities are characterized by a very high mutational burden, mainly UV signature mutations. Predominately mutated genes in BCC belong to the sonic hedgehog pathway, whereas, in cSCC, TP53, CDKN2A, NOTCH1/2 and others are most frequently mutated. In addition, the dysregulation of factors associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) was shown in invasive cSCC. The expression of factors associated with tumorigenesis can be controlled in several ways and include non-coding RNA molecules, such as micro RNAs (miRNA) long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) and circular RNAs (circRNA). To update findings on circRNA in KC, we reviewed 13 papers published since 2016, identified in a PubMed search. In both BCC and cSCC, numerous circRNAs were identified that were differently expressed compared to healthy skin. Some of them were shown to target miRNAs that are also dysregulated in KC. Moreover, some studies confirmed the biological functions of individual circRNAs involved in cancer development. Thus, circRNAs may be used as biomarkers of disease and disease progression and represent potential targets of new therapeutic approaches for KC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Meyer
- Department of Dermatology St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-234-5096014
| | - Michael Sand
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Josef-Hospital, Heidbergweg 22–24, 45257 Essen, Germany;
| | - Lutz Schmitz
- Institute of Dermatopathology, MVZ Corius DermPath Bonn, GmbH, Trierer Strasse 70–72, 53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Eggert Stockfleth
- Department of Dermatology St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany;
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Xiong W, Wu L, Tang R, Zhang Q, Guo Q, Song S. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins (GSPs) Inhibit the Development of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Regulating the hsa_circ_0070934/miR-136-5p/PRAF2 Axis. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:4359-4371. [PMID: 34103991 PMCID: PMC8179753 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s302084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) have been shown to inhibit the progression of many cancers, including cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). Circular RNA (circRNA) is a key regulator for cancer progression. However, it is unclear whether GSPs can mediate the progression of CSCC by regulating circRNA. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR was conducted to determine the expression of hsa_circ_0070934, microRNA (miR)-136-5p and prenylated Rab acceptor family 2 (PRAF2). MTT assay and colony formation assay were used to assess cell proliferation. Cell cycle process and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry, and cell migration and invasion were measured by transwell assay. Western blot analysis was utilized to examine protein expression. In addition, dual-luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay were used to evaluate the interaction between miR-136-5p and hsa_circ_0070934 or PRAF2. Subcutaneous xenograft models were constructed to explore the function of GSPs on CSCC tumor growth in vivo. Results GSPs could reduce hsa_circ_0070934 expression and inhibit CSCC cell proliferation, cell cycle process, migration, invasion, while promote apoptosis. Overexpressed hsa_circ_0070934 could reverse the suppressive effect of GSPs on CSCC cell progression. MiR-136-5p could be sponged by hsa_circ_0070934, and its overexpression also abolished the positively regulation of hsa_circ_0070934 on the progression of GSPs-induced CSCC cells. PRAF2 was a target of miR-136-5p, and its expression could be decreased by GSPs and increased by hsa_circ_0070934. The inhibitory effect of miR-136-5p on CSCC cell progression could be reversed by PRAF2 overexpression. Additionally, GSPs also could inhibit CSCC tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion Our data showed that GSPs regulated the hsa_circ_0070934/miR-136-5p/PRAF2 axis to restrain CSCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibiao Xiong
- Xiong Wei-Biao Workroom, Jiangxi Province Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan'e Wu
- Xiong Wei-Biao Workroom, Jiangxi Province Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330003, People's Republic of China
| | - Runke Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jiangxi Province Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Xiong Wei-Biao Workroom, Jiangxi Province Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Guo
- Xiong Wei-Biao Workroom, Jiangxi Province Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhua Song
- Department of Dermatology, Jiangxi Province Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330003, People's Republic of China
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Wu M, Liu Y, Pu YS, Ma Y, Wang JH, Liu EQ. JHDM1D-AS1 aggravates the development of gastric cancer through miR-450a-2-3p-PRAF2 axis. Life Sci 2020; 265:118805. [PMID: 33245963 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the molecular function and mechanisms of JHDM1D antisense 1 (JHDM1D-AS1) during gastric cancer (GC) progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS The qPCR assay was used to detect the JHDM1D-AS1 and miR-450a-2-3p expression levels in GC tissues and cell lines. Bioinformatics analysis was used for exploring the lncRNA-microRNA-mRNA interaction network. We performed dual-luciferase reporter assay and qPCR assay in order to validate the direct interactions. We explored the JHDM1D-AS1 and miR-450a-2-3p on GC progression by using JHDM1D-AS1 siRNA and miR-450a-2-3p inhibitor; in vitro CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, and invasion assay were conducted. Further, in vivo animal experiments were performed, and the expression levels of miR-450a-2-3p and PRAF2 in the tumor tissues were detected using qPCR and western blot analysis. KEY FINDINGS The expression levels of JHDM1D-AS1 and miR-450a-2-3p in GC tissues and cell lines were higher and lower as compared to those in the corresponding normal controls, respectively. Moreover, high levels of JHDM1D-AS1 were closely related with metastasis and the GC TNM stage. Functionally, JHDM1D-AS1 depletion caused an obvious reduction in cell proliferation and invasion both in vitro and in vivo, while the addition of miR-450a-2-3p inhibitor could nullify these effects. Mechanically, JHDM1D-AS1 promoted GC progression via the sponging of miR-450a-2-3p in order to increase PRAF2 expression. SIGNIFICANCE The present results showed that the increased expression of JHDM1D-AS1 was closely associated with tumor progression of GC. JHDM1D-AS1/miR-450a-2-3p/PRAF2 axis may be a promising target for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China; Office of Scientific Research, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Yan-Song Pu
- Second Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Pathology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Second Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - En-Qi Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Keratin 17 Expression Predicts Poor Clinical Outcome in Patients With Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2020; 29:144-151. [PMID: 32554975 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The major roles of keratin 17 (K17) as a prognostic biomarker have been highlighted in a range of human malignancies. However, its relevance to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unexplored. In this study, the relationship between K17 expression and clinicopathologic parameters and survival were determined by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) in 90 ESCCs and by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 68 ESCCs. K17 expression was significantly higher in ESCC than in paired normal tissues at both the messenger RNA and protein levels. K17 messenger RNA and staining by IHC were significantly correlated with aggressive characteristics, including advanced clinical stage, invasion depth, and lymph node metastases; and were predictive of poor prognosis in advanced disease patients. Furthermore, K17 expression was detected by IHC in high-grade premalignant lesions of the esophageal mucosa, suggesting that K17 could also be a biomarker of dysplasia of the esophageal mucosa. Overall, this study established that K17 is a negative prognostic biomarker for the most common subtype of esophageal cancer.
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Lin JB, Feng Z, Qiu ML, Luo RG, Li X, Liu B. KRT 15 as a prognostic biomarker is highly expressed in esophageal carcinoma. Future Oncol 2020; 16:1903-1909. [PMID: 32449621 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the expression and prognostic value of KRT 15 in esophageal carcinoma. Materials & methods: The expression levels of KRT 15 were measured in 128 cases of esophageal carcinoma and matched adjacent normal tissues by immunohistochemistry and Western blot assays. Results & conclusion: Western blot analysis shown the expression levels of KRT 15 in esophageal carcinoma were significantly higher compared with those in matched adjacent normal tissues (p < 0.001). immunohistochemistry result shown the high-expression rate of KRT 15 in esophageal carcinoma were 56.3%, which was significantly higher than those in normal tissues (35.9%; p = 0.002). KRT 15 high-expression correlated with T stage, lymph node metastasis, tumor node metastasis stage and prognosis (p < 0.05). These data indicate KRT 15 as a prognostic biomarker is highly expressed in esophageal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bo Lin
- Thoracic Surgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Chazhong Road 20#, Fuzhou City, 350005, PR China
| | - Zhi Feng
- Thoracic Surgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Chazhong Road 20#, Fuzhou City, 350005, PR China
| | - Ming-Lian Qiu
- Thoracic Surgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Chazhong Road 20#, Fuzhou City, 350005, PR China
| | - Rong-Gang Luo
- Thoracic Surgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Chazhong Road 20#, Fuzhou City, 350005, PR China
| | - Xu Li
- Thoracic Surgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Chazhong Road 20#, Fuzhou City, 350005, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- Thoracic Surgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Chazhong Road 20#, Fuzhou City, 350005, PR China
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Yu GJ, Sun Y, Zhang DW, Zhang P. Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR functions as a competitive endogenous RNA to regulate PRAF2 expression by sponging miR-326 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:270. [PMID: 31649487 PMCID: PMC6805682 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0992-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background LncRNAs may exert a regulatory effect in tumorigenesis. Although the expression of lncRNA HOTAIR has been confirmed to be notably elevated in the tissues of CSCC, its biological mechanism in CSCC is still unknown. Methods HOTAIR expression level in CSCC cell lines was monitored via qRT-PCR. Then CCK-8 assay, Transwell assay and EdU assay were adopted to detect cell migration and proliferation. Meanwhile, through bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter gene detection, a new target of HOTAIR was identified. Additionally, Western blotting and RIP analysis were adopted to discuss the possible mechanism. Results HOTAIR expression in CSCC cell lines exhibited an obvious elevation. Cell function analysis revealed that HOTAIR overexpression remarkably facilitated CSCC cell migration, proliferation and EMT process, which were impeded by down-regulation of HOTAIR. Furthermore, HOTAIR competitively bound to miR-326, so as to positively modulate miR-326 expression. Conclusions These results present that HOTAIR, as a ceRNA, regulates PRAF2 expression by competitive binding to miR-326 during CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jun Yu
- 1Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Xi Road, Huaian, 223300 Jiangsu China
| | - Yong Sun
- 1Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Xi Road, Huaian, 223300 Jiangsu China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- 1Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Xi Road, Huaian, 223300 Jiangsu China
| | - Peng Zhang
- 2Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu China
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