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Hegvik TA, Zhou Y, Brauckhoff K, Furu K, Hjellvik V, Bjørge T, Engeland A. Prevalence of drugs used for chronic conditions after diagnosis of thyroid cancer: a register-based cohort study. Eur J Endocrinol 2024; 191:166-174. [PMID: 39077806 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvae092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about thyroid cancer survivors' risk of chronic conditions. We, therefore, investigated the prevalence of drugs used for chronic conditions among thyroid cancer patients using population-wide register data. METHODS We linked data from the Cancer Registry of Norway to the Norwegian Prescription Database and other databases for a study population of 3.52 million individuals, including 3486 individuals with thyroid cancer diagnosed during 2005-2019. Prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% CIs of reimbursed prescribed drugs in thyroid cancer patients up to 15 years after thyroid cancer diagnosis were estimated by log-binomial regression, with the cancer-free population as reference. RESULTS Individuals (both males and females) with thyroid cancer had higher use of drugs for several chronic conditions in the years after diagnosis; eg, 5 years after thyroid cancer diagnosis, there was elevated use of drugs for hypoparathyroidism (PRmales = 35.4, 95% CI, 25.2-49.7; PRfemales = 42.8, 95% CI, 34.2-53.6), hypertension (PRfemales = 1.20, 95% CI, 1.12-1.28), anxiety and tension (PRmales = 4.01, 95% CI, 1.80-8.92; PRfemales = 2.01, 95% CI, 1.15-3.52), gastric acid disorders (PRmales = 1.52, 95% CI, 1.22-1.91; PRfemales = 1.45, 95% CI, 1.27-1.66), and pain (PRmales = 1.48, 95% CI, 1.11-1.97; PRfemales = 1.24, 95% CI, 1.08-1.42) as compared with the cancer-free population. In addition, males with thyroid cancer had long-term elevated use of drugs for depression (eg, year 10+, PRmales = 1.66, 95% CI, 1.06-2.59). Individuals with thyroid cancer also had higher use of drugs for several conditions prior to the thyroid cancer diagnosis, eg, hypertension, gastric acid disorders, and pain. CONCLUSIONS Individuals diagnosed with thyroid cancer had elevated long-term use of drugs for several chronic conditions, as compared with the cancer-free population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tor-Arne Hegvik
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway
- Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim 7006, Norway
| | - YanYan Zhou
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway
- Department of Statistics and Biostatistics, Cal State East Bay, Hayward, CA 94542, United States
| | - Katrin Brauckhoff
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway
| | - Kari Furu
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0473, Norway
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0473, Norway
| | - Vidar Hjellvik
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0473, Norway
| | - Tone Bjørge
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0379, Norway
| | - Anders Engeland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0473, Norway
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Gao Y, Wang Z, Yu J, Chen L. Thyroid cancer and cardiovascular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1344515. [PMID: 38725832 PMCID: PMC11080944 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1344515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple observational studies have shown associations between thyroid cancer (TC) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the results were inconsistent, and the potential causal genetic relationship remains unclear. Methods The genetic instruments of TC and CVDs were derived from data obtained through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We performed the two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR) methods to investigate the causality of TC on CVDs. Summary-level statistics for CVDs, including heart failure (HF), atrial fibrillation (AF), coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke (IS) and venous thromboembolism (VTE). The primary method employed in this MR analysis was the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) approach, and four additional algorithms were used: MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode. Additionally, we assessed the reliability of the causal relationship through pleiotropy, heterogeneity and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. Results In this MR analysis, we only detected causality of genetically predicted TC on HF (IVW method, odds ratio (OR) = 1.00134, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00023-1.00244, p = 0.017). However, There were no causal associations of TC with CAD, MI, AF, IS, and VTE. Conclusion Our results confirmed the causal association between TC and HF. It is crucial to closely monitor the incidence of HF in TC patients and give comprehensive clinical intervention based on conventional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Gao
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Binhai New Area Dagang Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijia Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinsheng Yu
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Binhai New Area Dagang Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Binhai New Area Dagang Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Tsai WH, Zeng YH, Lee CC, Chien MN, Liu SC, Chien KL, Cheng SP, Tseng PJ, Tsai MC. Association between thyroid cancer and cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1075844. [PMID: 36937933 PMCID: PMC10020713 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1075844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the association between thyroid cancer and coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, cerebrovascular disease, and cardiovascular disease mortality. Methods The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for eligible studies from inception to September 22, 2022. Keywords included "thyroid cancer", "atrial fibrillation", "coronary artery disease", "cerebrovascular disease", and "mortality". Primary outcomes included the incidence of coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, atrial fibrillation, and cardiovascular disease mortality among patients with thyroid cancer. Secondary outcomes included cardiovascular disease events among those with thyroid cancer that received or did not receive radioactive iodine or lenvatinib. Estimates were pooled using fixed- and random-effects meta-analysis. Results A total of 771,220 patients who underwent thyroidectomy in 15 studies were included. Risk for cerebrovascular disease (risk ratio [RR] 1.15 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-1.21]) and atrial fibrillation [RR 1.59 (95% CI: 1.45-1.73)] were significantly increased. Risk for coronary artery disease was significantly increased [RR 1.12 (95% CI: 1.08-1.17)] in the common effect model. Cardiovascular disease mortality associated with thyroid cancer was not significant [RR 0.93 (95% CI: 0.59-1.45)]. Radioactive iodine had a neutral effect on cardiovascular disease [RR 1.00 (95% CI: 0.87-1.16)], and there was no beneficial nor harmful effect among different RAI doses. Conclusions Thyroid cancer was significantly associated with a higher risk for cerebrovascular disease and atrial fibrillation; however, the hazard risk was not different between patients with and without radioactive iodine treatment. Thyroid cancer treatment should be individualized considering the potential harms and benefits to cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsuan Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hong Zeng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chuan Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Nan Chien
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Chen Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Liong Chien
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jung Tseng
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hsin Chu Armed Force Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chieh Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Song Y, Lee HS, Park G, Kang SW, Lee JW. Dyslipidemia Risk in Thyroid Cancer Patients: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:893461. [PMID: 35832430 PMCID: PMC9271874 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.893461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Thyroid cancer (TC) prevalence has been rapidly increasing. While the relationship between thyroid hormones and lipids has been widely investigated, studies regarding dyslipidemia in patients with TC have been scarce and controversial. We aimed to investigate dyslipidemia risk after TC diagnosis compared to the general population without TC. Method A population-based prospective study was conducted using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort Database 2.0 (NHIS-NSC DB 2.0), with health insurance claim data of 1,108,369 subjects between 2002 and 2015. The final study sample comprised 466,735 adult subjects without TC or dyslipidemia diagnoses before the index year, 2009. Bidirectional analyses were performed using prospective and retrospective concepts. In the prospective analysis, Kaplan-Meier estimates were calculated and log-rank tests and univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between TC and dyslipidemia. The retrospective analysis involved 1:5 nested case-control matching based on dyslipidemia status and conditional logistic regression analysis. Results No significant difference in dyslipidemia incidence was observed between TC patients and the control group, in either the prospective matched (log-rank P = 0.483) or non-matched (log-rank P = 0.424) analyses, or the retrospective analysis (P = 0.3724). In the prospective analysis, 193 patients after TC diagnosis showed similar risk of developing dyslipidemia with the 466,542 controls during the median 7 years of follow-up (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.102; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.878-1.383; adjusted HR, 0.932; 95% CI, 0.707-1.230). Multiple propensity score-adjusted models showed similar results, and 114 patients and 570 matched controls showed an HR of 0.818 (95% CI, 0.598-1.120). In the retrospective comparison of dyslipidemia risk in 170 patients and 277,864 controls, the odds ratio was 0.822 (95% CI, 0.534-1.266). Conclusions Dyslipidemia risk was not significantly different between patients with TC and the general population, in both prospective and retrospective analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhyun Song
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Goeun Park
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Kang
- Thyroid-Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Memeh K, Ruhle B, Alsafran S, Vaghaiwalla T, Kaplan E, Angelos P, Keutgen XM. Total Thyroidectomy vs Thyroid Lobectomy for Localized Papillary Thyroid Cancer in Children: A Propensity-Matched Survival Analysis. J Am Coll Surg 2021; 233:39-49. [PMID: 33887483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current guidelines recommend total thyroidectomy (TT) and radioablation for most papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in children. These guidelines have been criticized as aggressive, especially for early-stage PTC, as it likely does not influence patient survival and results in life-long thyroid hormone replacement. We sought to study whether the extent of thyroidectomy (TT vs thyroid lobectomy [TL]) influences overall and disease-specific survival in children with localized PTC. METHODS The National Cancer Database and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries were queried. Patients 18 years or younger with low-risk PTC between 2004 and 2016 were included. Using a 1:1 propensity score matching, patients who underwent TT were matched for age, sex, race, year of diagnosis, and tumor size with a similar cohort of patients who underwent TL. Primary end points were overall survival and disease-specific survival. RESULTS There were 3,500 patients identified as surgically treated for PTC, of which 1,325 patients met inclusion criteria for matching. Three hundred and twenty-six patients were matched. One hundred and sixty-three patients had TT; 140 were female and mean age was 16 years (interquartile range [IQR] 13 to 17 years). One hundred and sixty-three patients had TL; 140 were female and mean age was 16 years (IQR 14 to 17 years). Median follow-up was 5.0 years (IQR 2.8 to 8 years) and 8.3 years (IQR 3.6 to 14.4 years) in the National Cancer Database and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cohorts, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival or disease-specific survival in patients with PTC < 4 cm, regardless of whether patients underwent TT or TL (p = 0.32 for National Cancer Database registry and p = 0.67 for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the extent of thyroidectomy does not influence survival for pediatric patients with early-stage PTC and that TL might be adequate in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Memeh
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL.
| | - Brian Ruhle
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Salman Alsafran
- Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University Health Science Center, Kuwait
| | - Tanaz Vaghaiwalla
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Edwin Kaplan
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Peter Angelos
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Xavier M Keutgen
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
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