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Sun J, Chen S, Zang D, Sun H, Sun Y, Chen J. Butyrate as a promising therapeutic target in cancer: From pathogenesis to clinic (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 64:44. [PMID: 38426581 PMCID: PMC10919761 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The etiology of cancer has not been fully elucidated yet, and further enhancements are necessary to optimize therapeutic efficacy. Butyrate, a short‑chain fatty acid, is generated through gut microbial fermentation of dietary fiber. Studies have unveiled the relevance of butyrate in malignant neoplasms, and a comprehensive understanding of its role in cancer is imperative for realizing its full potential in oncological treatment. Its full antineoplastic effects via the activation of G protein‑coupled receptors and the inhibition of histone deacetylases have been also confirmed. However, the underlying mechanistic details remain unclear. The present study aimed to review the involvement of butyrate in carcinogenesis and its molecular mechanisms, with a particular emphasis on its association with the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy, as well as discussing relevant clinical studies on butyrate as a therapeutic target for neoplastic diseases to provide new insights into cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhe Sun
- Department of Oncology, Division of Thoracic Neoplasms, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
| | - Shiqian Chen
- Department of Oncology, Division of Thoracic Neoplasms, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
| | - Dan Zang
- Department of Oncology, Division of Thoracic Neoplasms, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
| | - Hetian Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Oncology, Division of Thoracic Neoplasms, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Oncology, Division of Thoracic Neoplasms, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
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2
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Bi R, Hu R, Jiang L, Wen B, Jiang Z, Liu H, Mei J. Butyrate enhances erastin-induced ferroptosis of lung cancer cells via modulating the ATF3/SLC7A11 pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:529-538. [PMID: 37341073 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death triggered by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and has been associated with various diseases, including cancer. Erastin, an inhibitor of system Xc-, which plays a critical role in regulating ferroptosis, has been identified as an inducer of ferroptosis in cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the impact of butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by gut microbiota, on erastin-induced ferroptosis in lung cancer cells. Our results demonstrated that butyrate significantly enhanced erastin-induced ferroptosis in lung cancer cells, as evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation and reduced expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Mechanistically, we found that butyrate modulated the pathway involving activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), leading to enhanced erastin-induced ferroptosis. Furthermore, partial reversal of the effect of butyrate on ferroptosis was observed upon knockdown of ATF3 or SLC7A11. Collectively, our findings indicate that butyrate enhances erastin-induced ferroptosis in lung cancer cells by modulating the ATF3/SLC7A11 pathway, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Bi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianyong Jiang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bohan Wen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaolei Jiang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ju Mei
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Kwao-Zigah G, Bediako-Bowan A, Boateng PA, Aryee GK, Abbang SM, Atampugbire G, Quaye O, Tagoe EA. Microbiome Dysbiosis, Dietary Intake and Lifestyle-Associated Factors Involve in Epigenetic Modulations in Colorectal Cancer: A Narrative Review. Cancer Control 2024; 31:10732748241263650. [PMID: 38889965 PMCID: PMC11186396 DOI: 10.1177/10732748241263650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer is the second cause of cancer mortality and the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Current data available implicate epigenetic modulations in colorectal cancer development. The health of the large bowel is impacted by gut microbiome dysbiosis, which may lead to colon and rectum cancers. The release of microbial metabolites and toxins by these microbiotas has been shown to activate epigenetic processes leading to colorectal cancer development. Increased consumption of a 'Westernized diet' and certain lifestyle factors such as excessive consumption of alcohol have been associated with colorectal cancer.Purpose: In this review, we seek to examine current knowledge on the involvement of gut microbiota, dietary factors, and alcohol consumption in colorectal cancer development through epigenetic modulations.Methods: A review of several published articles focusing on the mechanism of how changes in the gut microbiome, diet, and excessive alcohol consumption contribute to colorectal cancer development and the potential of using these factors as biomarkers for colorectal cancer diagnosis.Conclusions: This review presents scientific findings that provide a hopeful future for manipulating gut microbiome, diet, and alcohol consumption in colorectal cancer patients' management and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Kwao-Zigah
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology/West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Antionette Bediako-Bowan
- Department of Surgery, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Surgery, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Pius Agyenim Boateng
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology/West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gloria Kezia Aryee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Stacy Magdalene Abbang
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology/West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gabriel Atampugbire
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology/West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Osbourne Quaye
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology/West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel A. Tagoe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Zhang Y, Tao Y, Gu Y, Ma Q. Butyrate facilitates immune clearance of colorectal cancer cells by suppressing STAT1-mediated PD-L1 expression. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2023; 78:100303. [PMID: 37931529 PMCID: PMC10654141 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immunotherapy has been proven to improve the prognosis of patients with advanced malignancy but has shown limited efficacy in patients with Colorectal Cancer (CRC). Increasing evidence suggests that butyrate, a bacterial metabolite, enhances the efficacy of cancer therapies by modulating immune responses. Here, the effect and the mechanism of butyrate on anti-PD-L1 therapy were investigated in CRC. METHODS The expression of PD-L1 and STAT1, and the lysine acetylation of STAT1 in CRC cells were observed after treatment with butyrate (2, 5, and 10 mM) for 24h or butyrate (5 mM) for 8, 16, and 24h. Site-directed mutations of STAT1 (K410R or K413R) were introduced to determine the role of STAT1 acetylation in modulating PD-L1 expression. The effect of butyrate on the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T-cells against CRC cells with or without PD-L1 overexpression was explored in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Butyrate could suppress IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 up-regulation in CRC cells in a dose- and time-dependent way. Butyrate promoted the lysine acetylation of STAT1 to reduce STAT1 expression. Non-acetylated mutant STAT1 not only ameliorated butyrate-induced suppression of lysine acetylation and nuclear translocation of STAT1 but also blocked the effect of butyrate on PD-L1. Butyrate attenuated the IFN-γ-induced impairment of CD8+ T-cell cytotoxicity against CRC cells. Meanwhile, butyrate suppressed CRC tumor growth by enhancing CD8+ T-cell infiltration. However, directly overexpressing PD-L1 in CRC cells could abolish the effect of butyrate. CONCLUSION Butyrate strengthens the immune response to CRC cells by suppressing PD-L1 expression via acetylation of STAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Changping Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Changping Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Gu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Changping Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiujie Ma
- Department of Pathology, Guang'anmen Hospital South Campus, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Long D, Mao C, Zhang Z, Zou J, Zhu Y. Visual analysis of colorectal cancer and gut microbiota: A bibliometric analysis from 2002 to 2022. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35727. [PMID: 37933041 PMCID: PMC10627710 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of studies have shown that gut microbiota (GM) plays an essential role in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). The current body of research exploring the relationship between CRC and GM is vast. Nevertheless, bibliometric studies in this area have not yet been reported. This study aimed to explore the hotspots and frontiers of research on GM and CRC in the past 20 years, which may provide a reference for researchers in this field. The Web of Science Core Collection database was searched for publications on CRC and GM from 2002 to 2022. The scientometric softwares CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to visually analyze the countries, institutions, authors, journals, and keywords involved in the literature. Keywords co-occurrence, cluster, and burst analysis were utilized to further explore the current state and development trends of research on GM and CRC. A total of 2158 publications were included in this study, with a noticeably rising annual publication trend. The majority of these papers are from 80 nations, primarily China and the USA. J Yu was the most active author and WS Garrett has the highest citation. Among all institutions, Shanghai Jiao Tong University has the largest number of papers. Most of the publications were published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, with Science being the most frequently cited journal. The 4 main clusters mainly involved probiotics, inflammation, molecular mechanisms, and research methods. Current research hotspots included "Fusobacterium nucleatum," "Escherichia coli," etc. Newly emerging research has focused predominantly on immune response, gene expression, and recent strategies for the treatment of CRC with GM. The relationship between GM and CRC will continue to be a hot research area. Changes in the composition of GM in patients with CRC, the potential molecular mechanisms as well as probiotics and natural products used in the treatment of CRC have been the focus of current research and hotspots for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Long
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenhan Mao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhensheng Zhang
- The First Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Zhanjiang City, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Junjun Zou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Welham Z, Li J, Engel AF, Molloy MP. Mucosal Microbiome in Patients with Early Bowel Polyps: Inferences from Short-Read and Long-Read 16S rRNA Sequencing. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5045. [PMID: 37894412 PMCID: PMC10605900 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have correlated dysbiosis in stool microbiota with colorectal cancer (CRC); however, fewer studies have investigated the mucosal microbiome in pre-cancerous bowel polyps. The short-read sequencing of variable regions in the 16S rRNA gene has commonly been used to infer bacterial taxonomy, and this has led, in part, to inconsistent findings between studies. Here, we examined mucosal microbiota from patients who presented with one or more polyps, compared to patients with no polyps, at the time of colonoscopy. We evaluated the results obtained using both short-read and PacBio long-read 16S rRNA sequencing. Neither sequencing technology identified significant differences in microbial diversity measures between patients with or without bowel polyps. Differential abundance measures showed that amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) associated with Ruminococcus gnavus and Escherichia coli were elevated in mucosa from polyp patients, while ASVs associated with Parabacteroides merdae, Veillonella nakazawae, and Sutterella wadsworthensis were relatively decreased. Only R. gnavus was consistently identified using both sequencing technologies as being altered between patients with polyps compared to patients without polyps, suggesting differences in technologies and bioinformatics processing impact study findings. Several of the differentially abundant bacteria identified using either sequencing technology are associated with inflammatory bowel diseases despite these patients being excluded from the current study, which suggests that early bowel neoplasia may be associated with a local inflammatory niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Welham
- Bowel Cancer and Biomarker Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2065, Australia; (Z.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Jun Li
- Bowel Cancer and Biomarker Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2065, Australia; (Z.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Alexander F. Engel
- Colorectal Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney 2065, Australia;
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia
| | - Mark P. Molloy
- Bowel Cancer and Biomarker Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2065, Australia; (Z.W.); (J.L.)
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Chalova P, Tazky A, Skultety L, Minichova L, Chovanec M, Ciernikova S, Mikus P, Piestansky J. Determination of short-chain fatty acids as putative biomarkers of cancer diseases by modern analytical strategies and tools: a review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1110235. [PMID: 37441422 PMCID: PMC10334191 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1110235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main metabolites produced by bacterial fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates in the gastrointestinal tract. They can be seen as the major flow of carbon from the diet, through the microbiome to the host. SCFAs have been reported as important molecules responsible for the regulation of intestinal homeostasis. Moreover, these molecules have a significant impact on the immune system and are able to affect inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes type II, or oncological diseases. For this purpose, SCFAs could be used as putative biomarkers of various diseases, including cancer. A potential diagnostic value may be offered by analyzing SCFAs with the use of advanced analytical approaches such as gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), or capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). The presented review summarizes the importance of analyzing SCFAs from clinical and analytical perspective. Current advances in the analysis of SCFAs focused on sample pretreatment, separation strategy, and detection methods are highlighted. Additionally, it also shows potential areas for the development of future diagnostic tools in oncology and other varieties of diseases based on targeted metabolite profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Chalova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anton Tazky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ludovit Skultety
- Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lenka Minichova
- Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Chovanec
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sona Ciernikova
- Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Mikus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Piestansky
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Stein RA, Riber L. Epigenetic effects of short-chain fatty acids from the large intestine on host cells. MICROLIFE 2023; 4:uqad032. [PMID: 37441522 PMCID: PMC10335734 DOI: 10.1093/femsml/uqad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Adult humans harbor at least as many microbial cells as eukaryotic ones. The largest compartment of this diverse microbial population, the gut microbiota, encompasses the collection of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and eukaryotic organisms that populate the gastrointestinal tract, and represents a complex and dynamic ecosystem that has been increasingly implicated in health and disease. The gut microbiota carries ∼100-to-150-times more genes than the human genome and is intimately involved in development, homeostasis, and disease. Of the several microbial metabolites that have been studied, short-chain fatty acids emerge as a group of molecules that shape gene expression in several types of eukaryotic cells by multiple mechanisms, which include DNA methylation changes, histone post-translational modifications, and microRNA-mediated gene silencing. Butyric acid, one of the most extensively studied short-chain fatty acids, reaches higher concentrations in the colonic lumen, where it provides a source of energy for healthy colonocytes, and its concentrations decrease towards the bottom of the colonic crypts, where stem cells reside. The lower butyric acid concentration in the colonic crypts allows undifferentiated cells, such as stem cells, to progress through the cell cycle, pointing towards the importance of the crypts in providing them with a protective niche. In cancerous colonocytes, which metabolize relatively little butyric acid and mostly rely on glycolysis, butyric acid preferentially acts as a histone deacetylase inhibitor, leading to decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. A better understanding of the interface between the gut microbiota metabolites and epigenetic changes in eukaryotic cells promises to unravel in more detail processes that occur physiologically and as part of disease, help develop novel biomarkers, and identify new therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Stein
- Corresponding author. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA. Tel: +1-917-684-9438; E-mail: ;
| | - Leise Riber
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Singh V, Lee G, Son H, Koh H, Kim ES, Unno T, Shin JH. Butyrate producers, "The Sentinel of Gut": Their intestinal significance with and beyond butyrate, and prospective use as microbial therapeutics. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1103836. [PMID: 36713166 PMCID: PMC9877435 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1103836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut-microbial butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) of significant physiological importance than the other major SCFAs (acetate and propionate). Most butyrate producers belong to the Clostridium cluster of the phylum Firmicutes, such as Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Eubacterium, Anaerostipes, Coprococcus, Subdoligranulum, and Anaerobutyricum. They metabolize carbohydrates via the butyryl-CoA: acetate CoA-transferase pathway and butyrate kinase terminal enzymes to produce most of butyrate. Although, in minor fractions, amino acids can also be utilized to generate butyrate via glutamate and lysine pathways. Butyrogenic microbes play a vital role in various gut-associated metabolisms. Butyrate is used by colonocytes to generate energy, stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor to maintain the anaerobic environment in the gut, maintains gut barrier integrity by regulating Claudin-1 and synaptopodin expression, limits pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-12), and inhibits oncogenic pathways (Akt/ERK, Wnt, and TGF-β signaling). Colonic butyrate producers shape the gut microbial community by secreting various anti-microbial substances, such as cathelicidins, reuterin, and β-defensin-1, and maintain gut homeostasis by releasing anti-inflammatory molecules, such as IgA, vitamin B, and microbial anti-inflammatory molecules. Additionally, butyrate producers, such as Roseburia, produce anti-carcinogenic metabolites, such as shikimic acid and a precursor of conjugated linoleic acid. In this review, we summarized the significance of butyrate, critically examined the role and relevance of butyrate producers, and contextualized their importance as microbial therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Singh
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - GyuDae Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunWoo Son
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tatsuya Unno
- Faculty of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Tatsuya Unno, ✉
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea,Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea,Jae-Ho Shin, ✉
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Dong Y, Zhang K, Wei J, Ding Y, Wang X, Hou H, Wu J, Liu T, Wang B, Cao H. Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids regulate gastrointestinal tumor immunity: a novel therapeutic strategy? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1158200. [PMID: 37122756 PMCID: PMC10140337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1158200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), a tumor-derived immune component, is proven to be closely related to the development, metastasis, and recurrence of tumors. Gut microbiota and its fermented-metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a critical role in maintaining the immune homeostasis of gastrointestinal tumors. Consisting mainly of acetate, propionate, and butyrate, SCFAs can interact with G protein-coupled receptors 43 of T helper 1 cell or restrain histone deacetylases (HDACs) of cytotoxic T lymphocytes to exert immunotherapy effects. Studies have shed light on SCFAs can mediate the differentiation and function of regulatory T cells, as well as cytokine production in TIME. Additionally, SCFAs can alter epigenetic modification of CD8+ T cells by inhibiting HDACs to participate in the immune response process. In gastrointestinal tumors, the abundance of SCFAs and their producing bacteria is significantly reduced. Direct supplementation of dietary fiber and probiotics, or fecal microbiota transplantation to change the structure of gut microbiota can both increase the level of SCFAs and inhibit tumor development. The mechanism by which SCFAs modulate the progression of gastrointestinal tumors has been elucidated in this review, aiming to provide prospects for the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies.
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11
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Shuwen H, Yangyanqiu W, Jian C, Boyang H, Gong C, Jing Z. Synergistic effect of sodium butyrate and oxaliplatin on colorectal cancer. Transl Oncol 2022; 27:101598. [PMID: 36512976 PMCID: PMC9763735 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxaliplatin (OXA) is a chemotherapy agent commonly used in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). Sodium butyrate (NaB) has an antitumor effect. METHODS In total, 30 patients in stage III who completed 8 cycles of chemotherapy regimens were recruited for this study. The patients were divided into good and bad groups based on the chemotherapy efficacy. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to detect microbial metabolites in stool samples from CRC patients. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), Annexin-V APC/7-AAD double staining, Transwell assays, scratch-wound assays, and EdU assays were used to detect cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration, respectively. Fluoroelectron microscopy was used to observe the cell structures. To verify the inhibitory effect of NaB and OXA at animal level, a subcutaneous transplanted tumor model was established. Finally, 16S sequencing technology was used to detect intestinal bacteria. GC-MS was used to detect metabolites in mouse stools. RESULTS NaB was a differential metabolite that affected the efficacy of OXA. NAB and oxaliplatin can synergically inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induce cell apoptosis. Animal experiments confirmed the inhibitory effect of oxaliplatin and sodium butyrate on tumor in mice. In addition, the intestinal microbe detection and microbial metabolite detection in fecal samples from mice showed significant differences between butyrate-producing bacteria and NaB. CONCLUSION NaB and OXA can synergistically inhibit the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of CRC cells and promote the apoptosis of CRC cells. NaB, as an OXA synergist, has the potential to become a new clinical adjuvant in CRC chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Shuwen
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Zhejiang Province, PR China,Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Wang Yangyanqiu
- Huzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Chu Jian
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Hu Boyang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Chen Gong
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Zhuang Jing
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Zhejiang Province, PR China,Corresponding author at: No.1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, PR China.
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Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka K, Marano L, Merola E, Roviello F, Połom K. Sodium butyrate in both prevention and supportive treatment of colorectal cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1023806. [PMID: 36389140 PMCID: PMC9643746 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1023806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that selected microbiota-derived metabolites play a significant role in both tumor prevention and supportive treatment of cancer. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), i.e., mainly acetate, proprionate, and butyrate, are one of them. Nowadays, it is known that butyrate is a key microbial metabolite. Therefore, in the current review, we focused on butyrate and sodium butyrate (NaB) in the context of colorectal cancer. Notably, butyrate is characterized by a wide range of beneficial properties/activities. Among others, it influences the function of the immune system, maintains intestinal barrier integrity, positively affects the efficiency of anti-cancer treatment, and may reduce the risk of mucositis induced by chemotherapy. Taking into consideration these facts, we analyzed NaB (which is a salt of butyric acid) and its impact on gut microbiota as well as anti-tumor activity by describing molecular mechanisms. Overall, NaB is available as, for instance, food with special medical purposes (depending on the country's regulation), and its administration seems to be a promising option for colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luigi Marano
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elvira Merola
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Franco Roviello
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Karol Połom
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Ibragimova S, Ramachandran R, Ali FR, Lipovich L, Ho SB. Dietary Patterns and Associated Microbiome Changes that Promote Oncogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:725821. [PMID: 34869313 PMCID: PMC8633417 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.725821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent increases in cancer incidences have been linked to lifestyle changes that result in obesity and metabolic syndrome. It is now evident that these trends are associated with the profound changes that occur in the intestinal microbiome, producing altered microbial population signatures that interact, directly or indirectly, with potentially pro-carcinogenic molecular pathways of transcription, proliferation, and inflammation. The effects of the entire gut microbial population on overall health are complex, but individual bacteria are known to play important and definable roles. Recent detailed examinations of a large number of subjects show a tight correlation between habitual diets, fecal microbiome signatures, and markers of metabolic health. Diets that score higher in healthfulness or diversity such as plant-based diets, have altered ratios of specific bacteria, including an increase in short-chain fatty acid producers, which in turn have been linked to improved metabolic markers and lowered cancer risk. Contrarily, numerous studies have implicated less healthy, lower-scoring diets such as the Western diet with reduced intestinal epithelial defenses and promotion of specific bacteria that affect carcinogenic pathways. In this review, we will describe how different dietary patterns affect microbial populations in the gut and illustrate the subsequent impact of bacterial products and metabolites on molecular pathways of cancer development, both locally in the gut and systemically in distant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakhzada Ibragimova
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, UAE
| | - Revathy Ramachandran
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, UAE
| | - Fahad R Ali
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, UAE
| | - Leonard Lipovich
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, UAE
| | - Samuel B Ho
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, UAE.,Department of Medicine, Mediclinic City Hospital, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, UAE
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Liu H, Bian Z, Zhang Q, Xiao Z, Cao Y, Sun X, Qin Y, Mao L, Chu X, Liao W, Zha L, Sun S. Sodium butyrate inhibits colitis-associated colorectal cancer through preventing the gut microbiota dysbiosis and reducing the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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15
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Majchrzak-Celińska A, Kleszcz R, Stasiłowicz-Krzemień A, Cielecka-Piontek J. Sodium Butyrate Enhances Curcuminoids Permeability through the Blood-Brain Barrier, Restores Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Antagonists Gene Expression and Reduces the Viability of Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011285. [PMID: 34681943 PMCID: PMC8540692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an extremely aggressive brain tumor awaiting novel, efficient, and minimally toxic treatment. Curcuminoids (CCM), polyphenols from Curcuma longa, and sodium butyrate (NaBu), a histone deacetylase inhibitor naturally occurring in the human body, await elucidation as potential anti-GBM agents. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze CCM and NaBu both separately and as a combination treatment using three GBM cell lines. MTT was used for cytotoxicity evaluation, and the combination index was calculated for synergism prediction. Cell cycle, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were analyzed using flow cytometry. DNA methylation was verified by MS-HRM and mRNA expression by qPCR. The permeability through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and through the nasal cavity was evaluated using PAMPA model. The results of this study indicate that CCM and NaBu synergistically reduce the viability of GBM cells inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. These effects are mediated via ROS generation and changes in gene expression, including upregulation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway antagonists, SFRP1, and RUNX3, and downregulation of UHRF1, the key epigenetic regulator. Moreover, NaBu ameliorated CCM permeability through the BBB and the nasal cavity. We conclude that CCM and NaBu are promising agents with anti-GBM properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Majchrzak-Celińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Święcicki Str., 60-781 Poznań, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-618546625
| | - Robert Kleszcz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Święcicki Str., 60-781 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Anna Stasiłowicz-Krzemień
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Święcicki Str., 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (A.S.-K.); (J.C.-P.)
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Święcicki Str., 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (A.S.-K.); (J.C.-P.)
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Li Y, He P, Liu Y, Qi M, Dong W. Combining Sodium Butyrate With Cisplatin Increases the Apoptosis of Gastric Cancer In Vivo and In Vitro via the Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:708093. [PMID: 34512341 PMCID: PMC8430036 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.708093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The gastrointestinal malignancy, gastric cancer (GC), has a high incidence worldwide. Cisplatin is a traditional chemotherapeutic drug that is generally applied to treat cancer; however, drug tolerance affects its efficacy. Sodium butyrate is an intestinal flora derivative that has general anti-cancer effects in vitro and in vivo via pro-apoptosis effects and can improve prognosis in combination with traditional chemotherapy drugs. The present study aimed to assess the effect of sodium butyrate combined with cisplatin on GC. Methods: A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to assess the viability of GC cells in vitro. Hoechst 33,258 staining and Annexin V-Phycoerythrin/7-Aminoactinomycin D were used to qualitatively and quantitatively detect apoptosis in GC cells. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement and a mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assay kit were used to qualitatively and quantitatively reflect the function of mitochondria in GC cells. Western blotting was used to verify the above experimental results. A nude mouse xenograft tumor model was used to evaluate the anti-tumor efficacity of sodium and cisplatin butyrate in vivo. Results: Cisplatin combined with sodium butyrate increased the apoptosis of GC cells. In the nude mouse xenograft tumor model, sodium butyrate in combination with cisplatin markedly inhibited the growth of the tumor more effectively than either single agent. The combination of sodium butyrate and cisplatin increased the intracellular ROS, decreased the MMP, and suppressed the invasion and migration abilities of GC cells. Western blotting verified that the combination of sodium butyrate and cisplatin remarkably enhanced the levels of mitochondrial apoptosis-related pathway proteins. Conclusion: Sodium butyrate, a histone acetylation inhibitor produced by intestinal flora fermentation, combined with cisplatin enhanced the apoptosis of GC cells through the mitochondrial apoptosis-related pathway, which might be considered as a therapeutic option for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangbo Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengzhan He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingming Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiguo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China
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Butyrate and the Intestinal Epithelium: Modulation of Proliferation and Inflammation in Homeostasis and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071775. [PMID: 34359944 PMCID: PMC8304699 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial metabolite butyrate serves as a link between the intestinal microbiome and epithelium. The monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and SMCT1 are the predominant means of butyrate transport from the intestinal lumen to epithelial cytoplasm, where the molecule undergoes rapid β-oxidation to generate cellular fuel. However, not all epithelial cells metabolize butyrate equally. Undifferentiated colonocytes, including neoplastic cells and intestinal stem cells at the epithelial crypt base preferentially utilize glucose over butyrate for cellular fuel. This divergent metabolic conditioning is central to the phenomenon known as “butyrate paradox”, in which butyrate induces contradictory effects on epithelial proliferation in undifferentiated and differentiated colonocytes. There is evidence that accumulation of butyrate in epithelial cells results in histone modification and altered transcriptional activation that halts cell cycle progression. This manifests in the apparent protective effect of butyrate against colonic neoplasia. A corollary to this process is butyrate-induced inhibition of intestinal stem cells. Yet, emerging research has illustrated that the evolution of the crypt, along with butyrate-producing bacteria in the intestine, serve to protect crypt base stem cells from butyrate’s anti-proliferative effects. Butyrate also regulates epithelial inflammation and tolerance to antigens, through production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells. The role of butyrate in the pathogenesis and treatment of intestinal neoplasia, inflammatory bowel disease and malabsorptive states is evolving, and holds promise for the potential translation of butyrate’s cellular function into clinical therapies.
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