1
|
Lee Y, Park J, Bang S, Kwon Y. A Standardized Extract of Green-Cotyledon Small Black Soybean (EYESOY®) Ameliorates Dry Eye Syndrome in an Animal Model. Curr Eye Res 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38856074 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2024.2357599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dry eye syndrome is a common ocular disease that causes morbidity, high healthcare burden, and decreased quality of life. In this study, we evaluated the beneficial effects of a standardized extract of small black soybean (EYESOY®) in a benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced murine model of dry eye. METHODS Experimental dry eye was induced by instillation of 0.02% BAC on the right eye of the Sprague-Dawley rats. Saline solution or EYESOY were administered orally every day for 8 weeks. RESULTS EYESOY significantly improved tear volume in the cornea compared with that in the BAC group. Moreover, EYESOY inhibited damage to the corneal epithelial cells and lacrimal glands by suppressing the oxidative and inflammatory responses in a mouse dry eye model. It also increased the goblet cell density and mucin integrity in the conjunctiva. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that EYESOY has the potential to alleviate dry eye syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoonhee Lee
- Bio Technology R&D Center, WiLab Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Park
- Bio Technology R&D Center, WiLab Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunah Bang
- Bio Technology R&D Center, WiLab Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongbum Kwon
- Bio Technology R&D Center, WiLab Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Loiseau A, Raîche-Marcoux G, Maranda C, Bertrand N, Boisselier E. Animal Models in Eye Research: Focus on Corneal Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16661. [PMID: 38068983 PMCID: PMC10706114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The eye is a complex sensory organ that enables visual perception of the world. The dysfunction of any of these tissues can impair vision. Conduction studies on laboratory animals are essential to ensure the safety of therapeutic products directly applied or injected into the eye to treat ocular diseases before eventually proceeding to clinical trials. Among these tissues, the cornea has unique homeostatic and regenerative mechanisms for maintaining transparency and refraction of external light, which are essential for vision. However, being the outermost tissue of the eye and directly exposed to the external environment, the cornea is particularly susceptible to injury and diseases. This review highlights the evidence for selecting appropriate animals to better understand and treat corneal diseases, which rank as the fifth leading cause of blindness worldwide. The development of reliable and human-relevant animal models is, therefore, a valuable research tool for understanding and translating fundamental mechanistic findings, as well as for assessing therapeutic potential in humans. First, this review emphasizes the unique characteristics of animal models used in ocular research. Subsequently, it discusses current animal models associated with human corneal pathologies, their utility in understanding ocular disease mechanisms, and their role as translational models for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Loiseau
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (G.R.-M.); (C.M.)
| | - Gabrielle Raîche-Marcoux
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (G.R.-M.); (C.M.)
| | - Cloé Maranda
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (G.R.-M.); (C.M.)
| | - Nicolas Bertrand
- Faculty of Pharmacy, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Elodie Boisselier
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (G.R.-M.); (C.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Prevalence of Comorbidity between Dry Eye and Allergic Conjunctivitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133643. [PMID: 35806928 PMCID: PMC9267454 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to determine the comorbid dry eye (DE) and allergic conjunctivitis (AC) prevalence. We searched PubMed and EMBASE for articles published until 22 March 2022, combining the terms “(dry eye OR keratoconjunctivitis sicca) AND allergic conjunctivitis.” Study-specific estimates (DE and AC incidence rates among patients with AC and DE, respectively) were combined using the one-group meta-analysis in a random-effects model. The initial search yielded 700 studies. Five articles reporting AC incidence among individuals with DE and six articles reporting DE incidence among individuals with AC were included in the qualitative synthesis. In these nine articles, the total sample size was 7254 patients. The DE incidence among individuals with AC was 0.9–97.5%; the AC incidence among individuals with DE was 6.2–38.0%. One-group meta-analysis using a random-effects model showed that 47.2% (95% confidence interval: 0.165–0.779; 320/1932 cases) of patients with AC had comorbid DE and 17.8% (95% confidence interval: 0.120–0.236; 793/4855 cases) of patients with DE had comorbid AC, as defined by each article. Complimentary screening and treatment for patients with DE and AC may improve long-term outcomes and prevent chronic ocular damage in highly susceptible populations.
Collapse
|
4
|
Shi K, Yin Q, Tang X, Yu X, Zheng S, Shentu X. Necroptosis Contributes to Airborne Particulate Matter-Induced Ocular Surface Injury. Toxicology 2022; 470:153140. [PMID: 35247514 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we explored the role of necroptosis in the pathogenesis of ocular surface injury caused by airborne particulate matter (PM). Human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells and mouse ocular surface were treated with PM exposure and compared with non-exposed groups. The expression of necroptosis-related proteins was measured by immunoblotting in HCE cell groups. Cell damages were detected using CCK-8, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence staining. In the mouse model, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and corneal fluorescein sodium staining were assessed. In addition, the expression of inflammatory cytokines and mucin were examined via Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence staining and/or quantitative RT -PCR (qRT-PCR), both in vitro and in vivo. Our research showed that PM exposure may trigger HCE cell damage via necroptosis. Necrostatin-1(Nec-1), one of the specific inhibitors of necroptosis, can markedly reduce PM-induced HCE cell damage. HCE cell damage markers included decreased cell viability, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. At the same time, Nec-1 inhibited the increased inflammatory cytokines and the decreased mucin expression caused by PM exposure in HCE cells. Nec-1 also reduced corneal inflammation and mucin underproduction in mouse ocular surface after PM exposure. Our study demonstrated that necroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of PM exposure-related ocular surface injury, including inflammation and insufficient mucin production in the cornea, which can be rescued by inhibitor Nec-1. This suggests Nec-1 could be a novel therapeutic target for ocular surface disorders, especially dry eye disease, which is caused by the exacerbation of airborne PM pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Shi
- The Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qichuan Yin
- The Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiajing Tang
- The Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoning Yu
- The Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Sifan Zheng
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, England
| | - Xingchao Shentu
- The Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sun YC, Hung KF, Li TY, Chang YA, Yeh PT, Hu FR. Transmembrane Mucin 1 Blocks Fluorescein Ingress to Corneal Epithelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:31. [PMID: 35212722 PMCID: PMC8883176 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.2.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the role of transmembrane mucins in blocking fluorescein ingress to the corneal epithelium and its deficiency in contributing to corneal fluorescein punctate staining. Methods A dry eye model was established by extirpating lacrimal and Harderian glands in rabbits to correlate the expression of mucins with fluorescein-stained areas on the corneal button using immunofluorescence. Expression of transmembrane mucins was promoted in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) by culturing with the mucin-promoting medium (MPM) or diquafosol treatment. Conversely, the expression of mucins was downregulated by knockdown with short hairpin RNA. The role of mucin1 extracellular domain in fluorescein ingress was further verified by overexpression of N-terminally truncated mucin1 in HCECs. Results In the rabbit dry eye model, the expression level of mucin1 was significantly decreased in superficial corneal epithelial cells where fluorescein punctate staining was observed. Upregulation of mucin1 and mucin16 in HCECs promoted by MPM or by diquafosol treatment impeded intracellular fluorescein ingress. Downregulation of mucin1 and mucin16 enhanced fluorescence ingress in HCECs after fluorescein staining. Overexpression of truncated mucin1 did not alter the fluorescein intensity of fluorescein-stained HCECs, supporting the notion that the ability of mucin1 to block fluorescein ingress was primarily mediated by its extracellular domain. Minimal inherent expression of mucin16 in the rabbit cornea limited the validation of its role in blocking fluorescein ingress in vivo. Conclusion Transmembrane mucin1 blocks fluorescein ingress in the corneal epithelium, explaining how fluorescein staining is positive when the level of transmembrane mucins is disturbed in dry eyes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Feng Hung
- Department of Medical Research, Division of Translational Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzu-Yun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-An Chang
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ting Yeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Rong Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim CE, Kim YJ, Hwang MW, Park YJ, Yang J. Cevimeline-induced anti-inflammatory effect through upregulations of mucins in the ocular surface of a dry eye mouse model. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111571. [PMID: 33857915 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of various concentrations of cevimelines (CVMs) and compare them with commercial drugs in a murine model of dry eye. The experimental mouse model used male and female NOD.B10.H2b mice over 12 weeks of age. Desiccation stress was performed at 30-40% ambient humidity, and subcutaneous injection of 0.5 mg/0.2 mL scopolamine hydrobromide was performed four times a day for 10 days. The efficacy of various concentrations of CVMs (seven experimental groups) was first evaluated, and then 2% CVM was compared with commercial drugs, such as cyclosporine A (CsA), diquafosol (DQS), and rebamipide (REB) (seven experimental groups). The clinical changes, including tear production, corneal irregularity, and fluorescein staining, were measured after the instillation of various concentrations of CVMs and commercial drugs for 0, 3, 5, 7, and 10 days. Histological changes, such as corneal detachment, conjunctival goblet cell and mucin density staining, were assessed by staining the cornea or conjunctiva with hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, and alcian blue. The expression of inflammatory markers and mucin factors was detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence in the lacrimal gland, cornea, and conjunctiva. Tear production was significantly increased in the 2% CVM group and was similar to that in the DQS and REB groups (P < 0.05). The corneal smoothness and fluorescein staining score were significantly improved in the 2% CVM group and were similar to those in the REB group (P < 0.05). Corneal epithelial cells were significantly decreased in the 2% CVM group, with similar observations made in the DQS and REB groups (P < 0.05). The conjunctival goblet cells and mucin density recovered in the 2% CVM group were similar to those in the CsA and REB groups (P < 0.05). The 2% CVM group showed suppressed expression of inflammatory factors in the lacrimal gland and was comparable to that seen in the CsA and REB groups. The expression of mucin factors was upregulated in the cornea and conjunctiva of the 2% CVM group and was similar to that of the CsA and REB groups. In conclusion, administration of CVM resulted in recovery or clinical and histological improvement of the murine dry eye model, and all the observed parameters were comparable to those with commercial drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chae Eun Kim
- T2B infrastructure Center for Ocular Disease, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Won Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; IMDpharm Inc., Suwon 16226, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaewook Yang
- T2B infrastructure Center for Ocular Disease, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sebbag L, Mochel JP. An eye on the dog as the scientist's best friend for translational research in ophthalmology: Focus on the ocular surface. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:2566-2604. [PMID: 32735080 DOI: 10.1002/med.21716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical animal studies provide valuable opportunities to better understand human diseases and contribute to major advances in medicine. This review provides a comprehensive overview of ocular parameters in humans and selected animals, with a focus on the ocular surface, detailing species differences in ocular surface anatomy, physiology, tear film dynamics and tear film composition. We describe major pitfalls that tremendously limit the translational potential of traditional laboratory animals (i.e., rabbits, mice, and rats) in ophthalmic research, and highlight the benefits of integrating companion dogs with clinical analogues to human diseases into preclinical pharmacology studies. This One Health approach can help accelerate and improve the framework in which ophthalmic research is translated to the human clinic. Studies can be conducted in canine subjects with naturally occurring or noninvasively induced ocular surface disorders (e.g., dry eye disease, conjunctivitis), reviewed herein, and tear fluid can be easily retrieved from canine eyes for various bioanalytical purposes. In this review, we discuss common tear collection methods, including capillary tubes and Schirmer tear strips, and provide guidelines for tear sampling and extraction to improve the reliability of analyte quantification (drugs, proteins, others).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Sebbag
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, SMART Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jonathan P Mochel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, SMART Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Na YJ, Choi KJ, Jung WH, Park SB, Kang S, Ahn JH, Kim KY. A Novel Selective 11β-HSD1 Inhibitor, (E)-4-(2-(6-(2,6-Dichloro-4-(Trifluoromethyl)Phenyl)-4-Methyl-1,1-Dioxido-1,2,6-Thiadiazinan-2-yl)Acetamido)Adamantan-1-Carboxamide (KR-67607), Prevents BAC-Induced Dry Eye Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103729. [PMID: 32466320 PMCID: PMC7279275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry eye syndrome is the most common eye disease and it is caused by various reasons. As the balance of the tear film that protects the eyes is broken due to various causes, it becomes impossible to properly protect the eyes. In this study, the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of topical (E)-4-(2-(6-(2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-methyl-1,1-dioxido-1,2,6-thiadiazinan-2-yl)acetamido)adamantan-1-carboxamide (KR-67607), a novel selective 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitor, were investigated in benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced dry eye syndrome. BAC-treated rat eyes induced significant increases in ocular surface damage, decreased corneal thickness, corneal basement membrane destruction in the conjunctival epithelium, and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and 11β-HSD1. These effects of BAC were reversed by topical KR-67607 treatment. Furthermore, KR-67607 decreased 4-hydroxynonenal expression and increased antioxidant and mucus secretion in BAC-treated rat eyes. Taken together, a novel selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitor can prevent BAC-induced dry eye syndrome by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine and reactive oxygen species expression via the inhibition of both 11β-HSD1 activity and expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Ju Na
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (Y.-J.N.); (K.J.C.); (W.H.J.); (S.B.P.); (S.K.)
- Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Kyoung Jin Choi
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (Y.-J.N.); (K.J.C.); (W.H.J.); (S.B.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Won Hoon Jung
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (Y.-J.N.); (K.J.C.); (W.H.J.); (S.B.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Sung Bum Park
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (Y.-J.N.); (K.J.C.); (W.H.J.); (S.B.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Sein Kang
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (Y.-J.N.); (K.J.C.); (W.H.J.); (S.B.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Jin Hee Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea;
| | - Ki Young Kim
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (Y.-J.N.); (K.J.C.); (W.H.J.); (S.B.P.); (S.K.)
- Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-860-7471
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee TG, Hyun SW, Jo K, Park B, Lee IS, Song SJ, Kim CS. Achyranthis radix Extract Improves Urban Particulate Matter-Induced Dry Eye Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183229. [PMID: 31487776 PMCID: PMC6765805 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease that severely impairs patients' quality of life. Particulate matter comprises a harmful mixture of particles less than 10 μm in size, which on contact with the eye, causes inflammation in the cornea/conjunctival epithelium, threatening eye health and triggering the onset of DED. Achyranthis radix is an ingredient of traditional medicine generally used for treating osteoporosis, trauma, and thrombosis in Asian countries. However, the effect of Achyranthis radix on eye health has not been elucidated. In this study, we evaluate the protective effect of Achyranthis radix hot water extract (ARE) in a rat model of urban particulate matter (UPM)-induced DED. UPM with or without ARE were topically administered on both eyes thrice daily for 10 days. ARE induced tear secretion and improved corneal irregularity. Additionally, ARE treatment protected the corneal epithelial cells from UPM-induced apoptosis. It also restored rMuc4 expression in the cornea and increased goblet cell density in the conjunctiva. These results are suggestive of the potential of ARE as a topical therapeutic agent for treating DED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Gu Lee
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Soo-Wang Hyun
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Kyuhyung Jo
- Non-clinical Research Collaboration Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Bongkyun Park
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Ik Soo Lee
- Non-clinical Research Collaboration Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Su Jeong Song
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Chan-Sik Kim
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
- Korean Convergence Medicine, University of Science Technology (UST), Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fini ME, Jeong S, Gong H, Martinez-Carrasco R, Laver NMV, Hijikata M, Keicho N, Argüeso P. Membrane-associated mucins of the ocular surface: New genes, new protein functions and new biological roles in human and mouse. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 75:100777. [PMID: 31493487 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The mucosal glycocalyx of the ocular surface constitutes the point of interaction between the tear film and the apical epithelial cells. Membrane-associated mucins (MAMs) are the defining molecules of the glycocalyx in all mucosal epithelia. Long recognized for their biophysical properties of hydration, lubrication, anti-adhesion and repulsion, MAMs maintain the wet ocular surface, lubricate the blink, stabilize the tear film and create a physical barrier to the outside world. However, it is increasingly appreciated that MAMs also function as cell surface receptors that transduce information from the outside to the inside of the cell. A number of excellent review articles have provided perspective on the field as it has progressed since 1987, when molecular cloning of the first MAM was reported. The current article provides an update for the ocular surface, placing it into the broad context of findings made in other organ systems, and including new genes, new protein functions and new biological roles. We discuss the epithelial tissue-equivalent with mucosal differentiation, the key model system making these advances possible. In addition, we make the first systematic comparison of MAMs in human and mouse, establishing the basis for using knockout mice for investigations with the complexity of an in vivo system. Lastly, we discuss findings from human genetics/genomics, which are providing clues to new MAM roles previously unimagined. Taken together, this information allows us to generate hypotheses for the next stage of investigation to expand our knowledge of MAM function in intracellular signaling and roles unique to the ocular surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Elizabeth Fini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, at New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Shinwu Jeong
- USC Roski Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Haiyan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Rafael Martinez-Carrasco
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, at New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Nora M V Laver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, at New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Minako Hijikata
- Department of Pathophysiology and Host Defense, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo, 204-8533, Japan.
| | - Naoto Keicho
- Department of Pathophysiology and Host Defense, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo, 204-8533, Japan.
| | - Pablo Argüeso
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, at Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass. Eye and Ear, 20 Staniford St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang X, Gericke A, Ackermann M, Wang S, Neufurth M, Schröder HC, Pfeiffer N, Müller WEG. Polyphosphate, the physiological metabolic fuel for corneal cells: a potential biomaterial for ocular surface repair. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:5506-5515. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01289c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polyphosphate, a natural inorganic polymer that acts as a reservoir for metabolic fuel (ATP), increases the proliferation and migration potency of epithelial cells, covering the avascular cornea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz
- 55131 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55099 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Shunfeng Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Meik Neufurth
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Heinz C. Schröder
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz
- 55131 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Werner E. G. Müller
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim CE, Kleinman HK, Sosne G, Ousler GW, Kim K, Kang S, Yang J. RGN-259 (thymosin β4) improves clinically important dry eye efficacies in comparison with prescription drugs in a dry eye model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10500. [PMID: 30002412 PMCID: PMC6043477 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28861-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the clinical activity of RGN-259 (thymosin β4) in comparison with cyclosporine A (CsA), diquafosol (DQS), and lifitegrast (LFA) in a murine model of dry eye. The model was NOD.B10-H2b mice in a 30–40% humidified environment together with daily scopolamine hydrobromide injections for 10 days. After desiccation stress, all drugs were evaluated after 10 treatment days. RGN-259 increased tear production similar to that in the DQS- and LFA-treated mice while CsA was inactive. RGN-259 improved corneal smoothness and decreased fluorescein staining similar to that of LFA group while CsA and DQS were inactive. Corneal epithelial detachment was reduced by RGN-259, and DQS and LFA showed similar activity but the CsA was inactive. RGN-259 increased conjunctival goblet cells and mucin production comparable to that seen with CsA, while DQS and LFA were inactive. RGN-259 reduced the over-expression of inflammatory factors comparable to that with CsA and LFA, while DQS was inactive. RGN-259 increased mucin production comparable to that observed with CsA, while DQS and LFA were inactive. In conclusion, RGN-259 promoted recovery of mucins and goblet cells, improved corneal integrity, and reduced inflammation in a dry eye mouse model and was equal to or more effective than prescription treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chae Eun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, 47392, Korea
| | - Hynda K Kleinman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington D.C, USA.,ReGenTree, LLC, 116 Village Boulevard, Suite 200, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Gabriel Sosne
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy/Cell Biology, Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Kyeongsoon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Republic of Korea.,ReGenTree, LLC, 116 Village Boulevard, Suite 200, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Sinwook Kang
- ReGenTree, LLC, 116 Village Boulevard, Suite 200, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jaewook Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, 47392, Korea. .,T2B infrastructure Center for Ocular Disease, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, 47392, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
O'Callaghan RJ. The Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus Eye Infections. Pathogens 2018; 7:pathogens7010009. [PMID: 29320451 PMCID: PMC5874735 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen of the eye able to infect the tear duct, eyelid, conjunctiva, cornea, anterior and posterior chambers, and the vitreous chamber. Of these infections, those involving the cornea (keratitis) or the inner chambers of the eye (endophthalmitis) are the most threatening because of their potential to cause a loss in visual acuity or even blindness. Each of these ocular sites is protected by the constitutive expression of a variety of antimicrobial factors and these defenses are augmented by a protective host response to the organism. Such infections often involve a predisposing factor that weakens the defenses, such as the use of contact lenses prior to the development of bacterial keratitis or, for endophthalmitis, the trauma caused by cataract surgery or intravitreal injection. The structural carbohydrates of the bacterial surface induce an inflammatory response able to reduce the bacterial load, but contribute to the tissue damage. A variety of bacterial secreted proteins including alpha-toxin, beta-toxin, gamma-toxin, Panton-Valentine leukocidin and other two-component leukocidins mediate tissue damage and contribute to the induction of the inflammatory response. Quantitative animal models of keratitis and endophthalmitis have provided insights into the S. aureus virulence and host factors active in limiting such infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J O'Callaghan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Na YJ, Choi KJ, Park SB, Sung HR, Jung WH, Kim HY, Rhee SD, Kim KY. Protective effects of carbenoxolone, an 11β-HSD1 inhibitor, against chemical induced dry eye syndrome. Apoptosis 2017; 22:1441-1453. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-017-1419-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|