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Jiang L, Du Z, Sun W, Zhu S, Xiong L, Fang X, Zhou J, Zhang Q, Lei X, Zeng Q, Wang Z, Hu Y. Associations between corneal curvature and other anterior segment biometrics in young myopic adults. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8305. [PMID: 38594402 PMCID: PMC11004108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59037-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the associations between corneal curvature (CC) and other anterior segment biometrics in young myopic adults. In this retrospective multi-center study, 7893 young myopic adults were included. CC and other anterior segment biometrics were measured by Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam). CC was defined as SimK at central 3 mm area, and other anterior segment biometrics included white-to-white corneal diameter (WTW), central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal volume (CV) at 3 mm, 5 mm, and 7 mm area, anterior corneal astigmatism (ACA), posterior corneal astigmatism (PCA), anterior corneal eccentricity (ACE) and asphericity (ACAP), posterior corneal eccentricity (PCE) and asphericity (PCAP), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and anterior chamber volume (ACV). Univariate regression analyses were used to assess the associations between CC and other anterior segment biometrics, and multivariate regression analyses were further performed to adjusted for age, gender and spherical equivalent. CC was higher in patients of female gender and higher myopia (all P < 0.05). Eyes in higher CC quartiles had lower WTW, thinner CCT, lower CV at 3 mm and 5 mm, lower ACD, and lower ACV (all P < 0.001), but had larger ACA, larger PCA, less PCE and less PCAP (all P < 0.001), compared to eyes in lower CC quartiles. The trends of CV at 7 mm, ACE and ACAP were inconsistent in different CC quartiles. After adjusting for age, gender and spherical equivalent with multivariate linear regression, CC was positively correlated to CV at 7 mm (βs = 0.069), ACA (βs = 0.194), PCA (βs = 0.187), ACE (βs = 0.072), PCAP (βs = 0.087), and ACD (βs = 0.027) (all P < 0.05), but was negatively correlated to WTW (βs = - 0.432), CCT (βs = - 0.087), CV-3 mm (βs = - 0.066), ACAP (βs = - 0.043), PCE (βs = - 0.062), and ACV (βs = - 0.188) (all P < 0.05). CC was associated with most of the other anterior segment biometrics in young myopic adults. These associations are important for better understanding of the interactions between different anterior segment structures in young myopic patients, and are also useful for the exploration of the pathogenesis of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Aier Eye Hospital), Wuhan, China
- Refractive Surgery Center, Hankou Aier Eye Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Zijing Du
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanqing Zhu
- Aier Institute of Refractive Surgery, Refractive Surgery Center, Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Xiong
- Aier Institute of Refractive Surgery, Refractive Surgery Center, Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Fang
- Refractive Surgery Center, Shenyang Aier Eye Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Refractive Surgery Center, Chengdu Aier Eye Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingsong Zhang
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Aier Eye Hospital), Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohua Lei
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Aier Eye Hospital), Wuhan, China
- Refractive Surgery Center, Hankou Aier Eye Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingyan Zeng
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Aier Eye Hospital), Wuhan, China.
- Refractive Surgery Center, Hankou Aier Eye Hospital, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- Aier Institute of Refractive Surgery, Refractive Surgery Center, Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yijun Hu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Aier Institute of Refractive Surgery, Refractive Surgery Center, Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
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Ezinne NE, Roodal D, Ekemiri KK, Persad T, Mashige KP. Ocular parameters and anthropometry in Indo-Trinidadians. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36763. [PMID: 38206703 PMCID: PMC10754602 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
To assess ocular parameters and their association with anthropometric measurements in Indo-Trinidadians adults. This was a clinical, descriptive, cross-sectional study of ocular parameters and anthropometry in adults Trinidadians of South Asian descent (Indo-Trinidadian). Ocular parameters were measured using optical coherence tomography, intraocular lens master biometer, and an autorefractor. Weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were measured by anthropometry. Univariable and multivariable linear regressions were used to determine the association between demographic variables, anthropometric and ocular parameters. A total of 149 participants (298 eyes) comprising of 90 females (60.6%) and 59 males (39.4%). Aged 18 to 67 participated in the study. Males were taller, heavier, and had longer axial lengths than females which were statistically significant (P < .05). Age was negatively correlated with central corneal thickness (CCT) (r = -0.353, P = .044) and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (r = -0.348, P = .047) but positively correlated with lens thickness (R = 0.881, P < .001). Education level was positively associated with CCT (R = 0.408, P = .018) but negatively associated with lens thickness (r = -0.521, P = .002). Weight was negatively correlated with corneal topography (r = -0.427, P = .013). Height was negatively correlated with cup-to-disc ratio (r = -0.410, P = .018), CCT (r = -0.382, P = .028), and corneal topography (r = -0.453, P = .008). There was no correlation between BMI, ocular parameters and CCT. There was a significant difference in the ocular parameters between males and females of South Asian descent in Trinidad and Tobago. Weight was negatively associated with the corneal topography. Height was negatively associated with the cup-to-disc ratio, central corneal thickness, and corneal topography. BMI had no statistically significant association with the ocular parameters investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngozika E. Ezinne
- Optometry Unit, Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Saint Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Denielle Roodal
- Optometry Unit, Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Saint Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Kingsley K. Ekemiri
- Optometry Unit, Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Saint Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Tamara Persad
- Optometry Unit, Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Saint Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago
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Nilagiri VK, Lee SSY, Lingham G, Charng J, Yazar S, Hewitt AW, Griffiths LR, Sanfilippo PG, Tsai TH, Mackey DA. Distribution of Axial Length in Australians of Different Age Groups, Ethnicities, and Refractive Errors. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:14. [PMID: 37594450 PMCID: PMC10445212 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.8.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Treatments are available to slow myopic axial elongation. Understanding normal axial length (AL) distributions will assist clinicians in choosing appropriate treatment for myopia. We report the distribution of AL in Australians of different age groups and refractive errors. Methods Retrospectively collected spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and AL data of 5938 individuals aged 5 to 89 years from 8 Australian studies were included. Based on the SER, participants were classified as emmetropes, myopes, and hyperopes. Two regression model parameterizations (piece-wise and restricted cubic splines [RCS]) were applied to the cross-sectional data to analyze the association between age and AL. These results were compared with longitudinal data from the Raine Study where the AL was measured at age 20 (baseline) and 28 years. Results A piece-wise regression model (with 1 knot) showed that myopes had a greater increase in AL before 18 years by 0.119 mm/year (P < 0.001) and after 18 years by 0.011 mm/year (P < 0.001) compared to emmetropes and hyperopes, with the RCS model (with 3 knots) showing similar results. The longitudinal data from the Raine Study revealed that, when compared to emmetropes, only myopes showed a significant change in the AL in young adulthood (by 0.016 mm/year, P < 0.001). Conclusions The AL of myopic eyes increases more rapidly in childhood and slightly in early adulthood. Further studies of longitudinal changes in AL, particularly in childhood, are required to guide myopia interventions. Translational Relevance The axial length of myopic eyes increases rapidly in childhood, and there is a minimal increase in the axial length in non-myopic eyes after 18 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar Nilagiri
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samantha Sze-Yee Lee
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gareth Lingham
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, School of Physics, Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jason Charng
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Optometry, School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Seyhan Yazar
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alex W. Hewitt
- School of Medicine, Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lyn R. Griffiths
- Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul G. Sanfilippo
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tzu-Hsun Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - David A. Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
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João CAR, Scanferla L, Alarcon A, van der Mooren M, Jansonius NM. Effect of Correcting Peripheral Refractive Errors on Retinal Sensitivity in Younger and Older Healthy Adults. Optom Vis Sci 2023; 100:248-254. [PMID: 37098138 PMCID: PMC10155680 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000002005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Retinal sensitivity decreases with age and age-related eye diseases. Peripheral retinal sensitivity may also be compromised if the refractive correction is not optimized for peripheral vision. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the impact of using a peripheral refractive correction on perimetric thresholds and the influence of age and spherical equivalent on this impact. METHODS We measured, in 10 younger (20 to 30 years) and 10 older (58 to 72 years) healthy subjects, perimetric thresholds for Goldmann size III stimulus in several test locations along the horizontal meridian of the visual field (eccentricity, 0, ±10, and ±25°), with default central refractive correction and with peripheral refractive corrections as measured with a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor. We used analysis of variance to determine the effect of age and spherical equivalent (between-subject variables) and eccentricity and correction method (central vs. eccentricity specific; within-subject variables) on retinal sensitivity. RESULTS Retinal sensitivity was higher if the eyes were optimally corrected for the concerning test location (P = .008), and the effect of this peripheral correction differed between the younger and older subjects (interaction term between group and correction method: P = .02), primarily because of more myopia in the younger group (P = .003). The average improvement by applying peripheral corrections was 1.4 dB in the older subjects and 0.3 dB in the younger subjects. CONCLUSIONS Peripheral optical correction has a variable impact on retinal sensitivity, and therefore, assessment of retinal sensitivity may be more accurate if peripheral defocus and astigmatism are corrected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina A. R. João
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Scanferla
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Aixa Alarcon
- Johnson & Johnson Vision, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Nomdo M. Jansonius
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Key Factors in Early Diagnosis of Myopia Progression within Ocular Biometric Parameters by Scheimpflug Technology. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020447. [PMID: 36836804 PMCID: PMC9960747 DOI: 10.3390/life13020447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between myopia and ocular biometric variables using the Pentacam AXL® single rotation Scheimpflug camera. This prospective, cross-sectional, single-center study was performed in fifty Caucasian patients aged between 18 and 30 years (24.84 ± 3.04 years). The measured variables included maximum and minimum keratometry (K1 and K2, respectively), anterior chamber depth (ACD), corneal horizontal diameter or white to white (WTW), central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal asphericity (Q), and axial length (AXL). The tomographic and biometric measurements were considered optimal when the quality factor was greater than 95% according to the manufacturer's software instructions. The AXL presented a significant correlation with the spherical equivalent without cycloplegia (SE without CP), age at onset of myopia (r = -0.365, p = 0.012), mean keratometry (Km) (r = -0.339, p = 0.016), ACD (r = 0.304, p = 0.032), and WTW (r = 0.406, p = 0.005). The eyes with AXL higher than 25 mm had earlier onset; higher SE without CP, AXL, and Q; and a flatter Km. AXL is the biometric variable with the greatest influence on the final refractive state in the adult myopic eye. Ophthalmologists and optometric management must consider these biometric differences in order to identify the most appropriate correction techniques in each case. The use of the Pentacam AXL in ocular biometric measurement is effective, reproducible, and non-invasive.
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Németh J, Daiki T, Dankovics G, Barna I, Limburg H, Nagy ZZ. Prevalence of refractive errors in Hungary reveals three-fold increase in myopia. Int J Ophthalmol 2022; 15:1174-1179. [PMID: 35919318 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2022.07.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine the prevalence and composition of refractive errors in Hungary. METHODS Nationwide cross-sectional data collected between 2014 and 2019 were analysed from the Comprehensive Health Screening Program of Hungary, which provided spectacle dioptric power and autorefractometry data for 68 227 people (35 850 women and 32 377 men). Their age distribution, 18-99y, was similar to the national demographic distributions. RESULTS Of the total population, 16.50% of the refractive errors exhibited hyperopia, 40.05% emmetropia, and 43.45% myopia. Myopia was 3 times more frequent (58.7%) in younger ages (18-35y of age) compared to older age groups (19.4% of those 56-70y of age; P<0.001). High myopia showed a low prevalence (0.21%), and an increase parallel with ageing (r=0.716; P=0.009). CONCLUSION Myopia is the most frequent refractive error in Hungary. The prevalence of myopia is especially increased, up to 2-3 times, in the younger age groups. Nationwide actions need to be taken to reduce the onset of myopia and its associated consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Németh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary.,Comprehensive Health Test Program of Hungary, Szentendre 2000, Hungary
| | - Tennó Daiki
- Comprehensive Health Test Program of Hungary, Szentendre 2000, Hungary.,Department of Media and Education Informatics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 1053, Hungary
| | - Gergely Dankovics
- Comprehensive Health Test Program of Hungary, Szentendre 2000, Hungary
| | - István Barna
- Comprehensive Health Test Program of Hungary, Szentendre 2000, Hungary.,1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1083, Hungary
| | - Hans Limburg
- Health Information Services, Grootebroek 1613LC, The Netherlands
| | - Zoltán Zsolt Nagy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
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Evaluation of ocular biometry in the Japanese population using a multicenter approach: Prospective observational study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271814. [PMID: 35895708 PMCID: PMC9328560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This prospective observational study aimed to evaluate the ocular biometry of Japanese people through a multicenter approach. The uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA and CDVA, respectively) in the log minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), subjective and objective spherical equivalent values (SE) of ocular refraction, anterior and posterior corneal curvature (ACC and PCC, respectively), anterior and posterior corneal asphericity (ACA and PCA, respectively), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and ocular axial length (AL) were measured in the eyes of 250 participants (mean age = 46.5 ± 18.0 years, range: 20–90 years) across five institutions in Japan. The mean UDVA, CDVA, subjective SE, objective SE, ACC, PCC, ACA, PCA, CCT, ACD, and AL were 0.68, −0.08, −2.42 D, −2.66 D, 7.77 mm, 6.33 mm, −0.31, −0.39, 0.55 mm, 2.92 mm, and 24.78 mm, respectively. Age-related changes and sex-based differences were noted in the visual acuity, refraction, corneal shape, ACD, and AL. Our results serve as basis for future studies aiming to develop refractive correction methods and various vision-related fields.
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Sun Y, Wei S, Li S, Cao K, Hu J, Yang X, Lin C, An W, Guo J, Li H, Fu J, Wang N. Distribution of ocular biometry in young Chinese eyes: The Anyang University Students Eye Study. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:621-627. [PMID: 33326192 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the distribution of ocular biometric parameters and its association to refraction in university students in central China. METHODS Ocular biometric parameters including axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), keratometry power (K), anterior chamber depth (AQD) and lens thickness (LT) were measured by an optical biometry in a cohort of university students. Corneal radius of curvature (CR), lens position (LP), lens power (PBennett ), vitreous chamber depth (VCD) and AL to corneal radius ratio (AL/CR) were calculated. Cycloplegic refraction was measured using an autorefractor. RESULTS A total of 7650 undergraduate students participated in this study, with a mean age of 20.0 ± 1.4 years. The following ocular biometric parameters were measured: AL (24.78 ± 1.21 mm), CCT (539.83 ± 33.03 μm), AQD (3.23 ± 0.25 mm), LT (3.47 ± 0.18 mm), CR (7.79 ± 0.27 mm), LP (4.97 ± 0.23 mm), VCD (17.55 ± 1.15 mm), PBennett (25.00 ± 1.07 dioptres) and AL/CR (3.18 ± 0.15). Male subjects were found to have longer AL, thicker CCT, flatter CR, thinner lens, deeper AQD and VCD than female ones. Myopic subjects were found to have longer AL, thinner CCT, steeper CR, thinner and posterior lens, deeper AQD and VCD, lower PBennett and larger AL/CR than emmetropes and hyperopes. Spherical equivalent (SE) showed a negative correlation with AL/CR (r = -0.914), AL (r = -0.755) and VCD (r = -0.751). CONCLUSIONS This study provided a range of reference values for the main ocular biometric parameters in young adults and reported their distributions based on gender and refractive status. Our study indicates that SE has a strong correlation with AL/CR ratio, AL and VCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Sun
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Shifei Wei
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Shiming Li
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Kai Cao
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology Beijing China
| | - Jianping Hu
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology Beijing China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology Beijing China
| | - Caixia Lin
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Wenzai An
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology Beijing China
| | - Jiyuan Guo
- Anyang Eye Hospital Henan Province China
| | - He Li
- Anyang Eye Hospital Henan Province China
| | - Jing Fu
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology Beijing China
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Aljarousha M, Daqa AA, Qanan F, Murtaja H, Baraka N. Correlations between central corneal power, axial length, anterior chamber depth and central corneal thickness of near-emmetropic young university students in Palestine. AFRICAN VISION AND EYE HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.4102/aveh.v80i1.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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van Vught L, Dekker CE, Stoel BC, Luyten GPM, Beenakker JWM. Evaluation of intraocular lens position and retinal shape in negative dysphotopsia using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. J Cataract Refract Surg 2021; 47:1032-1038. [PMID: 33577270 DOI: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess potential relationships of intraocular lens (IOL) position and retinal shape in negative dysphotopsia (ND). SETTING Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands. DESIGN Case-control study. METHODS High-resolution ocular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were performed in patients with ND and pseudophakic controls, and subsequently used to determine the displacement and tilt of the in-the-bag IOL about the pupil and iris. In addition, anterior segment tomography was used to assess the iris-IOL distance. Furthermore, the retinal shape was quantified from the MRI scans by fitting an ellipse to the segmented inner boundary of the retina. Both the IOL position and retinal shape were compared between groups to assess their potential role in the etiology of ND. RESULTS In total, 37 patients with ND and 26 pseudophakic controls were included in the study. The mean displacement and tilt of the IOL were less than 0.1 mm and 0.5 degrees, respectively, in both groups and all directions. The corresponding mean iris-IOL distance was 1.1 mm in both groups. Neither of these values differed statistically significantly between groups (all P values >.6). The retinal shape showed large variations but was not statistically significantly different between the groups in both the left-right (P = .10) and the anterior-posterior (P = .56) directions. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the in-the-bag IOL position and retinal shape did not statistically significantly differ between patients with ND and the general pseudophakic population. Given the large variation in retinal shape between subjects, however, it could still be an important factor in a multifactorial origin of ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc van Vught
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (van Vught, Luyten, Beenakker); Department of Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (van Vught, Beenakker); Division of Image Processing (LKEB), Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (Dekker, Stoel)
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Rauscher FG, Francke M, Hiemisch A, Kiess W, Michael R. Ocular biometry in children and adolescents from 4 to 17 years: a cross-sectional study in central Germany. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2021; 41:496-511. [PMID: 33960004 DOI: 10.1111/opo.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate ocular biometry in a large paediatric population as a function of age and sex in children of European descent. METHODS Children were examined as part of the LIFE Child Study (Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Disease), a population-based study in Leipzig, Germany. Altogether, 1907 children, aged from 4 to 17 years, were examined with the Lenstar LS 900. Data from the right eye was analysed for axial length, central corneal thickness, flat and steep corneal radii, aqueous depth, lens thickness and vitreous depth. Wavefront-based autorefraction was employed for analysis. RESULTS Axial length increased in girls from 21.6 mm (4 years) up to 23.4 mm (17 years); this increase (0.174 mm per year) was statistically significant up to age 14 (23.3 mm). Axial length increased in boys from 22.2 mm (4 years) up to 23.9 mm (17 years); this increase (0.178 mm per year) was statistically significant up to age 10 (23.3 mm). No change was observed for central corneal thickness (average: girls 550 µm; boys 554 µm). Corneal curvature in girls was somewhat flatter at age 4 (7.70 mm) compared to age 10 (7.78 mm), whereas it was constant in boys (7.89 mm). Aqueous depth at age 4 was 2.73 mm for girls and 2.86 mm for boys, with the same rate of increase per year (girls: 0.046 mm; boys: 0.047 mm) from age 4 to 10. At age 17, aqueous depth was 3.06 mm in girls and 3.20 mm in boys. Lens thickness was reduced from age 4 (3.75 mm) to age 10 (3.47 mm) in girls and from age 4 (3.73 mm) to age 10 (3.44 mm) in boys, with the same rate of decrease per year of 0.046 and 0.047 mm, respectively. At age 17, lens thickness was 3.52 mm in girls and 3.50 mm in boys. Vitreous depth at age 4 was 14.51 mm for girls and 15.08 mm for boys; with 0.156 mm (girls) or 0.140 mm (boys) increase per year until age 14 (girls: 16.08 mm; boys: 16.48 mm). At age 17, vitreous depth was 16.29 mm in girls and 16.62 mm in boys. CONCLUSIONS Eye growth (axial length) in girls showed a lag of about four years compared to boys. Aqueous depth increase matches the lens thickness decrease from ages 4 to 10 years in girls and boys. Lens thickness minimum is reached at 11 years in girls and at 12 years in boys. All dimensions of the optical ocular components are closely correlated with axial length. These data may serve as normative values for the assessment of eye growth in central European children and will provide a basis for monitoring refractive error development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska G Rauscher
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mike Francke
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Paul-Flechsig-Institute of Brain Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Hiemisch
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Women and Child Health, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Women and Child Health, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralph Michael
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Institut Universitari Barraquer, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Rozema JJ, Ní Dhubhghaill S. Age-related axial length changes in adults: a review. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2020; 40:710-717. [PMID: 32860249 DOI: 10.1111/opo.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the origins of age-related decreases in axial length in the literature. METHODS A literature review was performed, including all articles regarding axial length changes with age. These data were combined with mean body length and education level for the countries of each study to assess their influence in a multivariate analysis. Furthermore, analyses were performed of how optical path length, used by optical biometers to measure axial length, is affected by the known age-related changes in the crystalline lens. The influence of other factors mentioned in the literature was also investigated. RESULTS Seventeen cross-sectional studies were found that met the search criteria. The decrease in axial length over time was consistent across most of these studies. However, when plotted as a function of year of birth, mean body length and number of years in school, the data indicated an increase in length. Multivariate analysis confirmed the influence of body length (P = 0.005) and birth year (P = 0.017), but not age (P = 0.50). Meanwhile, the lenticular changes due to aging and cataract formation cause a minor bias in the form of increased axial length measurements. Finally, a gradual thinning of the choroidal arteries was reported to cause an increase in axial length. CONCLUSION The age-related decrease in axial length is mainly associated with gradual changes in increased body length and education level, while attenuated by minor biases in measurement procedure and thinning of the choroidal arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos J Rozema
- Visual Optics Lab Antwerp, Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Department of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sorcha Ní Dhubhghaill
- Visual Optics Lab Antwerp, Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Department of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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13
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Effect of age and refractive error on quick contrast sensitivity function in Chinese adults: a pilot study. Eye (Lond) 2020; 35:966-972. [PMID: 32518399 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-1009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the potential effect of age and refractive error on visual acuity (VA) performance and quick contrast sensitivity function (qCSF) in normal Chinese adults. METHOD Ninety-two subjects with normal best corrected distance VA (BCDVA) were enrolled in this pilot study. Measurements included BCDVA, best corrected near VA (BCNVA), unaided VA (UNVA), habitual spectacle-corrected near VA (SCNVA) and qCSF. For analyses, subjects were categorized into three age groups (20~40 years, 41~60 year and >60 years) and four refractive groups (hyperopia, emmetropia, myopia and high myopia). Relationships between age, refractive error, types of VA and qCSF were tested using simple and multiple linear regressions analyses. RESULT Mean age and refractive error of the study participants were 44.04 ± 12.68 years and -1.86 ± 2.91D, respectively. Among the stratified age groups, a hyperopic shift of refraction (-3.24 ± 2.88D vs. -1.24 ± 2.64D vs. 0.39 ± 1.42D, respectively; P < 0.001) and a reduction in BCNVA (P = 0.014), SCNVA (P < 0.001) and cut-off spatial frequency (SF) (P = 0.032) were found with increasing age. Among the four refractive groups, the SCNVA and cut-off SF of hyperopia were worse compared to the other refractive statuses (all P < 0.05). Age was significantly associated with cut-off SF (standardized β = -0.29, P = 0.005) after adjustment for SER, gender and all types of VA. CONCLUSION For normal Chinese adults with normal BCDVA, age was the main factor associated with CSF, which may be independent of refractive error.
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Refractive error and biometrics of anterior segment of eyes of healthy young university students in Japan. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15337. [PMID: 31653953 PMCID: PMC6814799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the parameters of the anterior segment of eyes that are significantly associated with the refractive error in healthy young Japanese university students. This was a cross-sectional observational study of 229 healthy Japanese university students (men: women,147:82) whose age ranged between 20 to 29 years. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to identify the factors that were significantly correlated with the refractive error. The independent variables included age, sex, axial length, anterior chamber depth, corneal diameter, curvature of anterior surface of cornea, and central corneal thickness. The mean refractive error (spherical equivalent) was −4.1 ± 2.7 diopters (D) with a range of −12.5 to +0.5 D, and the mean axial length was 25.4 ± 1.3 mm with a range of 22.4 to 29.0 mm. Pearson univariate correlation analysis found that the refractive error was significantly and negatively correlated with the axial length (R = −0.82, P < 0.001), deeper anterior chamber (R = −0.30, P < 0.001), and larger corneal diameter (R = −0.21, P = 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that the refractive error was significantly associated with a longer axial length (P < 0.001), a deeper anterior chamber (P < 0.001), and a flatter corneal curvature (P < 0.001).The biometric values of the anterior segment of the eyes should make the eye more hyperopic which would reduce the myopia-inducing lengthening of the axial length.
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15
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Bergholz R, Dutescu RM, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Rosada A. Ophthalmologic health status of an aging population-data from the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II). Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019; 257:1981-1988. [PMID: 31338586 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-019-04386-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Vision of the elderly may be affected by typical age-related diseases like cataract and macular degeneration. Little is known about the effect of aging on visual difficulties and vision-related quality of life. This study was conducted to compare the ophthalmological health status of younger and older individuals within a large cohort study of residents of a greater metropolitan area (Berlin Aging Study II [BASE-II]). METHODS A total of 1655 participants (805 men) aged 60 years and older and 494 participants (232 men) aged between 22 and 48 years from the Berlin Aging Study II were included in the analysis. The subjects were examined during a 2-day clinical examination period. History of ocular diseases, vision-related quality of life using the visual function questionnaire (VFQ- 25), refraction, distance and near visual acuity, tonometry, and color vision were provided. RESULTS Older subjects performed significantly worse concerning distance and near visual acuity, color vision, and vision-related quality of life compared to young subjects. Intraocular pressure showed no significant difference between groups. Individuals are often unaware of existing eye diseases. CONCLUSION The prevalence of ocular diseases and the impairment of vision increases with age. Although 98% of elderly subjects have reported to suffer from any ocular disease, subjective quality of life seems to be affected to a lesser extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Bergholz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ralf Michael Dutescu
- ACTO e.V., An-Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Karlsburgweg 9, 52070, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Adrian Rosada
- Department of Geriatrics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Dorr M, Lesmes LA, Elze T, Wang H, Lu ZL, Bex PJ. Evaluation of the precision of contrast sensitivity function assessment on a tablet device. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46706. [PMID: 28429773 PMCID: PMC5399462 DOI: 10.1038/srep46706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The contrast sensitivity function (CSF) relates the visibility of a spatial pattern to both its size and contrast, and is therefore a more comprehensive assessment of visual function than acuity, which only determines the smallest resolvable pattern size. Because of the additional dimension of contrast, estimating the CSF can be more time-consuming. Here, we compare two methods for rapid assessment of the CSF that were implemented on a tablet device. For a single-trial assessment, we asked 63 myopes and 38 emmetropes to tap the peak of a “sweep grating” on the tablet’s touch screen. For a more precise assessment, subjects performed 50 trials of the quick CSF method in a 10-AFC letter recognition task. Tests were performed with and without optical correction, and in monocular and binocular conditions; one condition was measured twice to assess repeatability. Results show that both methods are highly correlated; using both common and novel measures for test-retest repeatability, however, the quick CSF delivers more precision with testing times of under three minutes. Further analyses show how a population prior can improve convergence rate of the quick CSF, and how the multi-dimensional output of the quick CSF can provide greater precision than scalar outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dorr
- Technical University Munich, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Munich, 80333, Germany
| | - Luis A Lesmes
- Adaptive Sensory Technology, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Tobias Elze
- Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Jilin University of Finance and Economics, Changchun, China
| | - Zhong-Lin Lu
- The Ohio State University, Department of Psychology, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Peter J Bex
- Northeastern University, Department of Psychology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Scheibe P, Zocher MT, Francke M, Rauscher FG. Analysis of foveal characteristics and their asymmetries in the normal population. Exp Eye Res 2016; 148:1-11. [PMID: 27191610 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The advance of optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables a detailed examination of the human retina in-vivo for clinical routine and experimental eye research. Only few investigations to date captured human foveal morphology in a large subject group on the basis of a detailed analysis employing mathematical models. However, even for important foveal characteristics unified terminology and clear definitions were not implemented so far. This might be a reason, why to this day the human fovea is considered to be a mostly symmetric and round structure. Therefore, the most important finding of this work is the detailed analysis of the asymmetric structure of the human fovea. We employed five clinically highly relevant foveal characteristics, which are derived from a previously published fovea model. For each, an accurate mathematical description is given. The presented properties include (1) mean retinal thickness inside a defined radius, (2) foveal bowl area, (3) a new, exact definition of foveal radius, (4) maximum foveal slope, and (5) the maximum height of the foveal rim. Furthermore, minimum retinal thickness was derived and analyzed. 220 strictly controlled healthy Caucasian subjects of European decent with an even distribution of age and gender were imaged with an Heidelberg Spectralis OCT. Detailed analysis demonstrated the following general results: (1) significant gender difference regarding the central foveal subfield thickness (CFST) but no significant differences for the minimum central retinal thickness, (2) a strong correlation between right and left eye of the same subject, and, as essential finding, (3) strong structural differences of the fovea form in the different anatomical directions (nasal, temporal, inferior and superior). In the analysis of the foveal asymmetry, it will be demonstrated that the foveal radius is larger in nasal and temporal direction compared to inferior and superior position. Furthermore, it will be shown that the circular fovea rather has an elliptic form with the larger axis along the nasal to temporal direction. Interestingly, the foveal slope shows a divergent behavior as the temporal direction has the smallest slope angle and both, inferior and superior angles are clearly larger than the others. The findings in this work can be used for an exact quantification of changes in early stages of various retinal diseases and as a marker for initial diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Scheibe
- Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | - Mike Francke
- Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Paul-Flechsig-Institute of Brain Research, Department of Pathophysiology of Neuroglia, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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