Wu Y, Xiong L, Wang Y, Chen Q, Li F, Zhang W, Liu L. Frequencies and patterns of symptoms in Chinese adults with accommodative and binocular dysfunctions.
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023;
261:2961-2970. [PMID:
36757504 DOI:
10.1007/s00417-022-05968-0]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE
Recent studies have found that children with convergence insufficiency experience higher frequencies of performance-related symptoms (e.g., losing concentration), but data on performance-related symptoms among adults with accommodative dysfunctions (ADs) and/or binocular dysfunctions (BDs) are lacking, which might cause misdiagnosis, diagnostic confusion, or exacerbation of attention deficits. We aimed to describe frequencies and symptom patterns in adults with ADs and/or BDs who were treated at optometric clinics and explore any correlations between visual symptoms and clinical findings.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study divided 235 participants (age: 23.7 ± 2.9 years) into three groups: ADs, BDs, and normal binocular vision (NBV) groups. Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS), refractive examinations, and binocular tests were administered to all participants. After 1-to-1 propensity score matching, outcomes were assessed using Mann‒Whitney U test and Pearson's correlation analysis among three groups.
RESULTS
In this sample, the number (frequency) of individuals with ADs and/or BDs was 117 (49.8%). ADs and BDs groups experienced significantly more performance-related symptoms (feeling sleepy, losing concentration, trouble remembering, reading slowly, losing place, and having to re-read; all P < 0.05) than the NBV group. Significant correlations were observed between performance-related symptoms and clinical findings, including accommodative amplitude (r = - 0.294), accommodative facility (r = - 0.452), near phoria (r = - 0.261), near point of convergence (r = 0.482), and positive fusional vergence (r = - 0.331) (all P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
ADs and/or BDs are commonly present in adults treated at optometric clinics, and adults diagnosed with ADs and/or BDs exhibit more performance-related symptoms than participants with NBV.
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