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Wang Y, Mu J, Yang Y, Li X, Qin H, Mulati B, Wang Z, Gong W, Zhao Y, Gao Y. Prevalence and risk factors for astigmatism in 7 to 19-year-old students in Xinjiang, China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:116. [PMID: 38481203 PMCID: PMC10935971 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for astigmatism in 7-19-year-old students in Xinjiang, China. METHODS A school-based, cross-sectional study was conducted on students who underwent refraction examination in Xinjiang, China, between May and December 2019. The prevalence of astigmatism was determined. Astigmatism was defined as cylinder power (C) ≤-0.75 D, undefined astigmatism as ≤-1.50 D, and high astigmatism as C ≤-3.00 D. Astigmatism types were: against-the-rule astigmatism (maximum refraction of the main meridian in 180° ± 30°), with-the-rule astigmatism (maximum refraction of the main meridian at 90°±30°), and oblique astigmatism (all other cases). RESULTS Of the 71,838 students examined (51.0% boys, 7 - 19 years old), 25,945 (36.1%, 95%CI: 35.52-36.68%) had astigmatism and 1267 (1.8%, 95%CI: 1.07-2.53%) had high astigmatism. The prevalence of astigmatism was greater in Han individuals (39.6%) compared with the Hui (34.0%), Kazakh (34.0%), Kyrgyz (32.1%), and Uyghur (26.4%) populations. Among the 25,945 students with astigmatism, 19,947 had with-the-rule astigmatism (76.9%), 3405 had against-the-rule astigmatism (13.1%), and 2593 had oblique astigmatism (10.0%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that ethnicity (Han individuals more susceptible), male gender, age, and refractive errors (myopia and hyperopia) were independently associated with astigmatism, high astigmatism, and with-the-rule astigmatism (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of astigmatism among children and adolescents in Xinjiang was 36.1%, including 1.8% of high astigmatism. In this population, astigmatism was mainly of the with-the-rule astigmatism type (76.9%). Han ethnicity, male gender, and myopia or hyperopia were independently associated with a high risk of astigmatism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Regional, No. 116 Huanghe Road, Shayibake District, 830099, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jingyu Mu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Regional, No. 116 Huanghe Road, Shayibake District, 830099, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yining Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Regional, No. 116 Huanghe Road, Shayibake District, 830099, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Regional, No. 116 Huanghe Road, Shayibake District, 830099, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Han Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Regional, No. 116 Huanghe Road, Shayibake District, 830099, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Batima Mulati
- Department of Ophthalmology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Regional, No. 116 Huanghe Road, Shayibake District, 830099, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393 Xinyi Road, Xinshi District, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Regional, No. 116 Huanghe Road, Shayibake District, 830099, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Yunxian Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Regional, No. 116 Huanghe Road, Shayibake District, 830099, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China.
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Ten W, Yuan Y, Zhang W, Wu Y, Ke B. High myopia is protective against diabetic retinopathy in the participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:468. [PMID: 37978475 PMCID: PMC10655330 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association of subjects with refractive error and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the United States comparing results between different race groups. METHODS All data were derived from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2008. The data were divided into four groups (emmetropia, mild myopia, high myopia, hypertropia) according to the spherical equivalent (SE), and those who met the enrollment conditions were selected as the study subjects. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between refractive error and diabetic retinopathy risk. RESULTS A total of 1317 participants were included in the study, including 331 participants with diabetic retinopathy, and 986 without diabetic retinopathy. After adjustment for potential confounders, subjects with high myopia were associated with a lower risk of diabetic retinopathy. The odds ratio (OR) was 0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.20-0.96), P-value = 0.040 in the multivariate regression analysis. Subgroup analyses showed that subjects with high myopia in the non-Hispanic Black group were associated with decreased odds of diabetic retinopathy. (OR was 0.20, and 95% CI: 0.04-0.95, P-value = 0.042). CONCLUSION The results show that high myopia is associated with diabetic retinopathy in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijung Ten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital,, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bilian Ke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.
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Cao K, Hao J, Wang NL. Incidence and its risk factors of high myopia in Chinese rural adults: A population-based six-year cohort study. Eur J Ophthalmol 2023; 33:2139-2145. [PMID: 37038333 DOI: 10.1177/11206721231168317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the incidence rate of high myopia and its risk factors in adults. METHODS This was a population-based cohort study, 4582 adults aged ≥ 30 years from rural area of China were included. The follow-up duration was six years. Objective refraction (sphere, cylinder, and axis) was measured using an autorefractor. Multivariable Logistic regression was used to explore risk factors of high myopia, odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported. RESULTS During the six-year follow-up, 25 participants developed high myopia. The incidence rate was 0.55% (95%CI: 0.44% to 0.66%), and were 0.54% (11/2035) in males and 0.55% (14/2547) in females. The age-gender standardized annual incidence rate was 0.11%. The median changes in spherical equivalent (SE) of all participants was 0.25D (IQR: -0.125 to 0.625). For the baseline myopic adults and non-myopic adults, the median changes in SE were 0.125D (IQR: -0.375 to 0.5), and 0.25D (IQR: -0.125 to 0.625). The difference was significant (p < 0.001). Of the two subgroups, 1.52% (21/1383) and 0.13% (4/3199) developed high myopia during six years. The risk of developing high myopia in baseline myopic adults was 11.7 times higher than that of the baseline non-myopic adults (p < 0.001). Age (OR = 1.061, 95%CI: 1.022 to 1.103, p = 0.002), and baseline myopia (OR = 1.007, 95%CI: 1.001 to 1.012, p < 0.001) were risk factors for high myopia. CONCLUSION The age-gender standardized annual incidence rate of high myopia in Chinese rural adults is 0.11%. More than 30% of adults still have myopia progression. Myopia control is of great significance for high myopia prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cao
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Hao
- Beijing Tongren Eye center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University Correspondence to Ning-Li Wang, No.17. Hougou alley, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Ning-Li Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Hashemi A, Khabazkhoob M, Hashemi H. High prevalence of refractive errors in an elderly population; a public health issue. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:38. [PMID: 36707798 PMCID: PMC9881344 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-02791-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of myopia and hyperopia and their associated demographic and ocular factors in people 60 years of age and above. METHODS The sampling was performed using a multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method. The complete demographic and case history information were collected through an interview. Then, all participants underwent optometric examinations including measurement of uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity, objective, and subjective refraction. Myopia and hyperopia were defined as a spherical equivalent (SE) refraction worse than -0.50 diopters (D) and + 0.50 D, respectively. RESULTS Three thousand three hundred ten of 3791 invitees participated, and the data of 3263 individuals were analyzed for this report. The mean age of participants was 68.25 ± 6.53 (60 to 97) years, and 1895 (58.1%) of them were female (number of male/female participants = 1368/1895). The prevalence of myopia and hyperopia was 31.65% (95% CI: 29.68 -33.61) and 45.36% (95% CI: 43.36 -47.37), respectively. The prevalence of severe myopia and hyperopia was 1.14% (95% CI: 0.73 -1.55) and 2.27% (95% CI: 1.57 -2.97), respectively. Based on the results of multiple logistic regression, the prevalence of myopia had a statistically significant direct relationship with age (OR: 1.04; p < 0.001), history of glaucoma surgery (OR:2.75; p < 0.001), pseudophakia (OR: 2.27; p < 0.001), axial length (OR:3.05; p < 0.001), and mean keratometry (OR:1.61; p < 0.001). The education level was significantly inversely related to the myopia prevalence. Moreover, a history of glaucoma surgery (OR:0.44; p < 0.001), pseudophakia (OR = 0.15; p < 0.001), axial length (OR:35; p < 0.001) and mean keratometry (OR:0.62; p < 0.001) were significantly inversely related to the prevalence of hyperopia. 19% and 40.02% of myopic and hyperopic patients had complete visual acuity after correction of refractive error, respectively. CONCLUSION The prevalence of refractive errors was high in the Iranian elderly population. A large percentage of the elderly still did not have complete visual acuity after the correction of refractive errors indicating the necessity for attention to other ocular diseases in this age group. The history of cataract and glaucoma surgery could be associated with a myopic shift of refractive error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Hashemi
- grid.416362.40000 0004 0456 5893Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khabazkhoob
- grid.411600.2Department of Basic Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Hashemi
- grid.416362.40000 0004 0456 5893Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
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Wang W, Xiang Y, Zhu L, Zheng S, Ji Y, Lv B, Xiong L, Li Z, Yi S, Huang H, Zhang L, Liu F, Zhang T, Wan W, Hu K. Myopia progression and associated factors of refractive status in children and adolescents in Tibet and Chongqing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2022; 10:993728. [PMID: 36324441 PMCID: PMC9619363 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.993728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate myopia progression and associated factors of refractive status among children and adolescents in Tibet and Chongqing in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted to compare rates of myopia and high myopia, axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SE), outdoor activity time, digital device use, and frequency of visual examinations for children and adolescents affected by myopia in Chongqing and Tibet in 2021. Results A total of 2,303 students from Chongqing and 1,687 students from Tibet were examined. The overall prevalence of myopia and high myopia in these two groups were 53.80 and 7.04% vs. 43.86 and 1.30%, respectively in each case. The Chongqing students had a longer AL than the group from Tibet (23.95 vs. 23.40 mm, respectively; p < 0.001). The mean SE of the students with myopic parents in Tibet was lower than that of the students in Chongqing with myopic parents (-2.57 ± 2.38 diopters (D) vs. -2.30 ± 2.34 D, respectively) (p < 0.001). Conversely, the mean SE of the students from urban areas in Chongqing was lower than that of the students in Tibet (-2.26 ± 2.25 D vs. -1.75 ± 1.96 D, respectively; p < 0.001). The Chongqing students exhibited lower SE (-2.44 ± 2.22 D) than their Tibetan counterparts (mean SE: -1.78 ± 1.65 D (p = 0.0001) when spending more than 2.5 h outdoors. For example, 61.35% of the students in Tibet spent more than 2.5 h outdoors daily, compared with 43.04% of the students in Chongqing. Correspondingly, the proportion of students using digital devices in Tibet (64.43%) was lower than that in Chongqing (100%). For the latter, 38.62% of the students in Chongqing spent more than 2.5 h online using digital devices compared to 10.49% of the students in Tibet. Greater monitoring of visual status was observed for the Chongqing students (mean SE: -1.90 ± 1.98 D) compared with students in Tibet (mean SE: -2.68 ± 1.85 D) (p = 0.0448), with the frequency of optimal examinations being every 6 months. Outdoor activity time was identified as a common risk factor for myopia in both of the populations examined, with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.84 (95% CI: 1.79-1.90) in Chongqing and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.73-0.96) in Tibet. Digital screen time was associated with myopia and high myopia in Chongqing, with ORs of 1.15 (95% CI: 1.08-1.22) and 1.06 (95% CI: 0.94-1.77), respectively. Digital screen time was also found to be a risk factor for high myopia in Tibet (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.77-1.61). The type of digital devices used was also associated with myopia and high myopia in Tibet (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.06-1.68 and OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 0.84-2.58, respectively). Finally, examination frequency was found to correlate with high myopia in the Tibet group (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 0.66-2.71). Conclusion Based on our data, we observed that the prevalence of refractive errors in children and adolescents was significantly lower in Tibet than in Chongqing. These results are potentially due to prolonged outdoor activity time, and the type and time of use for digital devices that characterize the group of children and adolescents from Tibet. It is recommended that parents and children in Chongqing would benefit from increased awareness regarding myopia progression and its prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujiao Wang
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongguo Xiang
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shijie Zheng
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Ji
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bingjing Lv
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Xiong
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhouyu Li
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shenglan Yi
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyun Huang
- Department of Sports, Health and Arts, Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangli Liu
- Education Department, Physical, Health and Art Education Research Center, National Institute of Education Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- The First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjuan Wan
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Wenjuan Wan
| | - Ke Hu
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,The First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Ke Hu
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Zhou L, Yang H, Hai Y, Hai JJ, Cheng Y, Yin P, Yang J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Han B. Scoliosis among children in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China: A cross-sectional epidemiological study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:983095. [PMID: 36062094 PMCID: PMC9437421 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.983095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The average altitude of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is 4,500 m and most of the residents are Tibetan ethnicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of scoliosis and associated factors among children in this region through a scoliosis screening program. Methods A cross-sectional study was preformed between May 2020 and December 2020 in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. A total of 9,856 children aged 6-17 years from schools and nearby villages were screened using visual inspection, the Adams forward-bending test, the angle of trunk rotation, and radiography. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect demographic data. The prevalence of scoliosis and associated factors were analyzed. Results The overall prevalence of scoliosis among children in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau was 3.69%, with 5.38% for females and 2.11% for males. The prevalence of scoliosis was 3.50% in children resided below 4,500 m while 5.63% in those resided above 4,500 m (P = 0.001). The prevalence of congenital scoliosis (2.14 vs. 0.42%, P < 0.001) and neuromuscular scoliosis (0.34 vs. 0.07%, P = 0.041) were significantly higher in the altitude above 4,500 m. 50.00% of patients resided above 4,500 m were recommended for surgery while 16.24% in those resided below 4,500 m (P < 0.001). Independent associated factors were detected as female (OR = 2.217, 95 CI% 1.746-2.814, P < 0.001), BMI < 18.5 (OR = 1.767, 95 CI% 1.441-2.430, P = 0.005), altitude of residence ≥ 4,500 m (OR = 1.808, 95 CI% 1.325-2.483, P = 0.002), and sleep time < 8 h (OR = 2.264, 95 CI% 1.723-2.846, P = 0.001). Conclusion The prevalence of scoliosis among children in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau was 3.69%. With increasing altitudes, the prevalence of scoliosis and its major type were different from that at lower altitudes. Female, BMI < 18.5, altitude of residence ≥ 4,500 m, and sleep time < 8 h were independently associated with the prevalence of this disease. Early screening should be carried out before the age of 7 years, especially in the high-altitude, underdeveloped, and rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Lijin Zhou
| | - Honghao Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Hai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, China,Yong Hai
| | - Junrui Joanthan Hai
- Princeton International School of Mathematics and Science, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Yunzhong Cheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jincai Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yangpu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunsheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, China
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