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Fonseca PG, Neves EPS, Soares MEC, Galo R, Ramos-Jorge ML, Fernandes IB. "Association between caries in anterior teeth and bullying victimization in Brazilian schoolchildren aged 6 to 10 years.: a cross sectional study". Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2024; 25:715-720. [PMID: 39266902 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-024-00933-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between presence of caries in anterior teeth and bullying victimization in schoolchildren. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Brazil with a sample of 387 schoolchildren aged 6 to 10 years. The presence of moderate/extensive dental caries was assessed using the International System for the Evaluation and Detection of Dental Caries (ICDAS-II). The children answered the "Olweus Bullying" (QBO). Descriptive analyses were performed, and the associations between bullying victimization and independent variables collected were determined by univariate and multivariate Poisson regression. RESULTS The prevalence of bullying victimization was 66.4%. Bullying victimization was higher among children who had moderate/extensive caries in some anterior teeth (p = 0.010). 8-year-old (p = 0.048), 9-year-old (p = 0.001), and 10-year-old (p = 0.002) children reported greater bullying victimization when compared to 6-year-olds. CONCLUSION The presence of moderate/extensive dental caries in anterior teeth is associated with bullying victimization in schoolchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Fonseca
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rua da Glória, N. 187. Centro, 39.100-000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
| | - E P S Neves
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rua da Glória, N. 187. Centro, 39.100-000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - M E C Soares
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rua da Glória, N. 187. Centro, 39.100-000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
- Department of Dentistry of the Institute of Life Sciences, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - Campus Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
| | - R Galo
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M L Ramos-Jorge
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rua da Glória, N. 187. Centro, 39.100-000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - I B Fernandes
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rua da Glória, N. 187. Centro, 39.100-000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Ahmed B, Yousaf FN, Ahmad A, Zohra T, Ullah W. Bullying in educational institutions: college students' experiences. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:2713-2719. [PMID: 35440249 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2067338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite its widespread prevalence, bullying in educational institutions is not considered a serious social issue in Pakistan. Present study explores the understandings and experiences of college students about bullying and documents the status of anti-bullying interventions in educational institutions. This study is based on in-depth interviews with students and principals of private sector colleges in Pakistan. The study showcases the important aspects of bullying that hurt the educational, personal and social lives of students. The most frequent form of bullying experienced by the students constitutes verbal bullying. Bullying occurs at specific places on campuses which are less supervised by teachers and administration. Although the principals were of the view that they had zero tolerance towards bullying in their premises, they did not have any preventive measures. There is a dire need to develop a policy to address the issue of bullying in educational institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ahmed
- Department of Sociology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Navid Yousaf
- Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Akhlaq Ahmad
- Department of Sociology, International Islamic University, Islamabad
| | - Tanzeel Zohra
- Public Health Laboratories Division, National Institutes of Health Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Waheed Ullah
- Department of Sociology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi
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Santos PS, Evangelista ME, Brancher GP, da Silva Moro J, Borgatto AF, Santana CM, Bolan M, Cardoso M. Pathways between verbal bullying and oral conditions among school children. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2023:10.1007/s40368-023-00818-x. [PMID: 37347383 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-023-00818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the direct and indirect pathways between verbal bullying and adverse oral conditions among school-aged children. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 8- to 10-year-old children, enrolled in public schools in Southern Brazil. Verbal bullying was collected by self-reports. Independent variables included sociodemographic characteristics (sex, age, household income, and caregivers' educational level) and oral conditions (anterior open bite, anterior teeth crowding, upper anterior diastema, large overjet, untreated dental caries, and PUFA index). The pathways between verbal bullying and the independent variables were analysed through structural equation modelling. RESULTS 1369 children were included. The prevalence of verbal bullying was 26.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 23.9-28.6%). Verbal bullying was directly influenced by large overjet (standard coefficient [SC] 0.13, P < 0.01), untreated dental caries (SC 0.63, P = 0.01) and PUFA index (SC 0.75, P = 0.02). Sex (SC - 0.005, P = .04) and age (SC - 0.006, P < 0.01) indirectly influenced verbal bullying via untreated dental caries. CONCLUSIONS Verbal bullying was directly influenced by large overjet, untreated dental caries and PUFA index. Sex and age indirectly impacted verbal bullying through untreated dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rua Delfino Conti, S/N-Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-370, Brazil.
| | - M E Evangelista
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rua Delfino Conti, S/N-Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-370, Brazil
| | - G P Brancher
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rua Delfino Conti, S/N-Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-370, Brazil
| | - J da Silva Moro
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rua Delfino Conti, S/N-Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-370, Brazil
| | - A F Borgatto
- Department of Informatics and Statistics, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - C M Santana
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - M Bolan
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - M Cardoso
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
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Woolweaver AB, Barbour JC, Espelage DL. An Exploratory Analysis of Financial Status and Risk Factor Interactions for Bullying Victimization. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/2372966x.2022.2034475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Are there Gender Differences in the Prevalence and Correlates of Bullying Victimization Among in-School Youth in Eswatini? SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-021-09416-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Bjärehed M, Thornberg R, Wänström L, Gini G. Moral disengagement and verbal bullying in early adolescence: A three-year longitudinal study. J Sch Psychol 2021; 84:63-73. [PMID: 33581771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This three-year longitudinal study examined both within- and between-person effects of moral disengagement on verbal bullying perpetration in early adolescence. Data came from the first four waves (T1-T4, Grades 4 to 7) of an ongoing longitudinal project examining social and moral correlates of bullying in Swedish schools. Participants included 2432 Swedish early adolescents (52% girls; Mage at T1 = 10.55 years). Students completed self-report measures of verbal bullying perpetration and moral disengagement. Results of a multilevel growth model showed that verbal bullying increased over time (regression coefficient for Grade was b = 0.04, SE = 0.01, p < .001). Additionally, the verbal bullying trajectories of participants with higher average levels of MD were higher (regression coefficient for MD¯ was b = 0.28, SE = 0.02, p < .001) and steeper (regression coefficient for the Grade ×MD¯ interaction was b = 0.02, SE = 0.01, p = .018), indicating that these students scored higher on verbal bullying in general and increased more in verbal bullying over time, compared to students with lower levels of average MD. Variations around one's own mean of MD over time was also significantly associated with concurrent changes in verbal bullying (regression coefficient for time-varying MD was b = 0.21, SE = 0.01, p < .001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Bjärehed
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Sweden.
| | - Robert Thornberg
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Linda Wänström
- Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Gianluca Gini
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
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Hong JS, Choi J, Espelage DL, Wu CF, Boraggina-Ballard L, Fisher BW. Are Children of Welfare Recipients at a Heightened Risk of Bullying and Peer Victimization? CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-020-09587-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Rana M, Gupta M, Malhi P, Grover S, Kaur M. Prevalence and correlates of bullying perpetration and victimization among school-going adolescents in Chandigarh, North India. Indian J Psychiatry 2020; 62:531-539. [PMID: 33678834 PMCID: PMC7909033 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_444_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bullying among adolescents is one of the important but neglected health concerns, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of bullying among Indian adolescents. STUDY DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. MATERIALS AND METHODS The prevalence of self-reported involvement in any kind of bullying was assessed among sixth to tenth class students (n = 667, mean age 13 years), across government (n = 359) and private (n = 308) schools using Olweus Bully-Victim Questionnaire in Chandigarh, a North Indian union territory. Self-esteem and emotional and behavioral difficulties of the participants were measured by using standard Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression was done to determine the predictors of bullying. RESULTS Prevalence of any kind of bullying was 25.6% (16% victimization, 5.2% perpetration, and 4.3% being bully-victim). Verbal bullying was the most common (55.1%), followed by physical (32.7%) and relational (25.2%) bullying. The prevalence of cyberbullying was 2.7%. Around 44% of students reported that adults in school never did anything to stop bullying. Bully-victims had the highest mean difficulty score (16.07). Significant predictors of bullying were being male (odds ratio [OR] = 2.5 [1.5-4.2], P < 0.001); studying in government school (OR = 0.63 [0.41-0.99], P = 0.048); having abnormal emotions (OR = 2.24 [1.1-4.7], P = 0.035); and poor peer relations (OR = 2.77 [1.44-5.35], P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS One in four adolescents experience some form of bullying in schools in a North Indian city. Bullying perpetration and victimization is associated with gender, type of school, and abnormal difficulties (emotional and behavioral problems).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Rana
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prahbhjot Malhi
- Department of Paediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manmeet Kaur
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Baldo Moraes R, Knorst JK, Brondani B, Baldo Marques B, de Sousa Reis M, Henriqson D, Ardenghi TM. Relationship between gingival bleeding and associated factors with reports of verbal bullying in adolescents. J Periodontol 2020; 92:225-233. [PMID: 32716571 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dentofacial features are related to increased bullying episodes in young people. The aim of this study was to assess the association between gingival bleeding and reports of verbal bullying among adolescents. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study conducted with a representative sample of 608 12-year-old adolescents from southern Brazil. The occurrence of verbal bullying was verified through adolescents' self-report. Oral health measurements included the presence of gingival bleeding, dental fracture, dental fluorosis, and dental caries experience. Gingival bleeding was assessed through adolescent self-perception by the following question: "Did you notice any bleeding in your gums?" Demographic, socioeconomic, and psychosocial variables were also evaluated. Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to evaluate the influence of gingival bleeding on the occurrence of verbal bullying. Results are presented as prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS Out of 608 adolescents evaluated, 577 answered bullying questions. The prevalence of self-reported verbal bullying was 12.8%. Adolescents who presented gingival bleeding had an 80% higher prevalence of verbal bullying than their counterparts (PR 1.80; 95% CI 1.01 -3.19). Dental shame, speech difficulties and influence of dental condition on studies also impacted the higher prevalence of bullying. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the presence of gingival bleeding negatively impacts the social life of adolescents, causing more episodes of verbal bullying. These findings encourage public health policies aimed at reducing oral health inequities, thus reflecting on the well-being and quality of life of this target population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renita Baldo Moraes
- Department of Nursing and Dentistry, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jessica Klöckner Knorst
- Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bruna Brondani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Baldo Marques
- Department of Nursing and Dentistry, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Magda de Sousa Reis
- Department of Nursing and Dentistry, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Machado Ardenghi
- Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Folayan MO, Oginni O, Arowolo O, El Tantawi M. Association between adverse childhood experiences, bullying, self-esteem, resilience, social support, caries and oral hygiene in children and adolescents in sub-urban Nigeria. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:202. [PMID: 32652974 PMCID: PMC7353770 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and bullying have negative effects on oral health. Promotive assets (resilience, self-esteem) and resources (perceived social support) can ameliorate their negative impact. The aim of this study was to determine the association between oral diseases (caries, caries complications and poor oral hygiene), ACE and bully victimization and the effect of access to promotive assets and resources on oral diseases. METHODS This was a secondary analysis of data collected through a cross-sectional school survey of children 6-16-years-old in Ile-Ife, Nigeria from October to December 2019. The outcome variables were caries, measured with the dmft/DMFT index; caries complications measured with the pufa/PUFA index; and poor oral hygiene measured with the oral hygiene index-simplified. The explanatory variables were ACE, bully victimization, resilience, self-esteem, and social support. Confounders were age, sex, and socioeconomic status. Association between the explanatory and outcome variables was determined with logistic regression. RESULTS Of the 1001 pupils with complete data, 81 (8.1%) had poor oral hygiene, 59 (5.9%) had caries and 6 (10.2%) of those with caries had complications. Also, 679 (67.8%) pupils had one or more ACE and 619 (62.1%) pupils had been bullied one or more times. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) for ACE was 1(3), for bully victimization was 1(5), and for self-esteem and social support scores were 22(5) and 64(34) respectively. The mean (standard deviation) score for resilience was 31(9). The two factors that were significantly associated with the presence of caries were self-esteem (AOR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.85-0.98; p = 0.02) and social support (AOR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97-1,00; p = 0.02). No psychosocial factor was significantly associated with caries complications. Self-esteem was associated with poor oral hygiene (AOR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.09-1.17; p = 0.03). CONCLUSION There was a complex relationship between ACE, bully victimization, access to promotive assets and resources by children and adolescents, and oral health. ACE and bully victimization were not associated with oral health problems. Though self-esteem was associated with caries and poor oral hygiene, the relationships were inverse. Promotive assets and resources were not associated with caries complications though resources were associated with lower prevalence of caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
- Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Olakunle Oginni
- Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Olaniyi Arowolo
- Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Qism Bab Sharqi, Egypt
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Okada LM, Miranda RR, Pena GDG, Levy RB, Azeredo CM. Association between exposure to interpersonal violence and social isolation, and the adoption of unhealthy weight control practices. Appetite 2019; 142:104384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Characteristics of the school food environment associated with hypertension and obesity in Brazilian adolescents: a multilevel analysis of the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:2625-2634. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019001010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjective:To characterize the food environment in schools that participated in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA) and to identify individual and contextual factors associated with hypertension and obesity.Design:National school-based survey.Setting:Blood pressure, weight and height were measured, and characteristics of the schools were obtained in interviews with the principals. For each outcome, multilevel models of mixed effects were applied by logistic regression.Participants:School-going adolescents aged 12–17 years.Results:A total of 73 399 adolescents were evaluated. The prevalence of hypertension was 9·6 (95 % CI 9·0, 10·3) % and that of obesity was 8·4 (95 % CI 7·9, 8·9) %. Approximately 50 % of the adolescents were able to purchase food at school and in its immediate vicinity and 82 % had access to no-charge meals through Brazil’s National School Feeding Program. In the adjusted analysis, hypertension was associated (OR; 95 % CI) with the consumption of meals prepared on the school premises (0·79; 0·69, 0·92), the sale of food in the school’s immediate vicinity (0·67; 0·48, 0·95) and the purchase of food in the school cafeteria (1·29; 1·11, 1·49). It was observed that there were lower odds of obesity among students who were offered meals prepared on the school premises (0·68; 0·54, 0·87).Conclusions:High frequency of sales of ultra-processed foods in schools was identified. Contextual and individual characteristics in the school food environment were associated with hypertension and obesity, pointing to the need for regulation and supervision of these spaces.
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Silva AN, Marques ES, Peres MFT, Azeredo CM. Tendência de bullying verbal, violência doméstica e envolvimento em brigas com armas entre adolescentes das capitais brasileiras de 2009 a 2015. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2019; 35:e00195118. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00195118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo: Objetivou-se analisar a tendência temporal de bullying verbal, a violência doméstica e o envolvimento em brigas com armas entre adolescentes, nas capitais brasileiras, entre 2009 e 2015. Fez-se estudo de tendência, com uso de dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) realizada em 2009, 2012 e 2015, com escolares do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental de escolas públicas e privadas nas 26 capitais do país e no Distrito Federal. Analisou-se a ocorrência de violência doméstica e de bullying verbal, bem como o envolvimento em brigas com uso de armas branca e de fogo nos 30 dias anteriores à entrevista. Realizou-se regressão logística ajustada para características sociodemográficas e comportamentais, com análise de cada tipo de violência no Brasil e nas capitais, segundo sexo. As tendências foram espacializadas. Para o conjunto das capitais, houve aumento, entre 2009 e 2015, de 12% (IC95%: 1,11-1,14) para violência doméstica, de 10% (IC95%: 1,08-1,11) para bullying verbal, de 7% (IC95%: 1,05-1,09) para envolvimento em brigas com armas de fogo e de 7% (IC95%: 1,05-1,08) para envolvimento em brigas com arma branca. Em todas as capitais, houve aumento na violência doméstica. Em 96,3%, 70,4% e 62,9% dessas cidades, observou-se aumento de bullying verbal, envolvimento em briga com arma branca e envolvimento em briga com arma de fogo, respectivamente. Nas demais capitais, observou-se tendência estacionária. Identificou-se tendência de aumento das violências na maioria das capitais, evidenciando a necessidade de implementação de políticas públicas que contribuam para minimizar esse problema entre os adolescentes.
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Correlates of bullying and its relationship with psychiatric disorders in Lebanese adolescents. Psychiatry Res 2018; 261:94-101. [PMID: 29291479 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the contextual determinants of bullying behavior is pivotal for effective interventions. This paper describes the prevalence of bullying, its socio-demographic correlates and factors influencing its relationship with psychiatric disorders among a population-based sample of adolescents from Beirut recruited through a two-stage cluster sampling design. Recruited participants (n = 510) and their parents completed a battery of questionnaires and interviews including the Development and Wellbeing Assessment (DAWBA) and the Peer-Relations Questionnaire (PRQ). We found that around 30% of the adolescent participants were involved in bullying. Younger age, lower family income, lower parental education, receiving private tutoring, having an anxiety disorder and having a disruptive behavior disorder were correlated with being bullied by peers while lower family income, repeating a school-grade, and having a disruptive behavior disorder were associated with bullying others. Several factors including gender, age group, family income, and attending private versus public schools moderated the relationship between bullying behavior and having psychiatric disorders. Our findings thus highlight the complexity of the association between psychiatric disorders and bullying in settings like Lebanon.
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Pinquart M. Systematic Review: Bullying Involvement of Children With and Without Chronic Physical Illness and/or Physical/Sensory Disability-a Meta-Analytic Comparison With Healthy/Nondisabled Peers. J Pediatr Psychol 2017; 42:245-259. [PMID: 27784727 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsw081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare levels of victimization and perpetration associated with bullying among children and adolescents with and without chronic physical illnesses and/or physical or sensory disabilities. Methods In total, 107 studies were identified using a systematic search in electronic databases and cross-referencing. A random-effects meta-analysis was computed. Results Children and adolescents with chronic physical illness or disability were more likely to be victims of bullying in general (odds ratio [OR] = 1.65), particularly physical bullying (OR = 1.47), relational bullying (OR = 1.47), verbal bullying (OR = 1.67), cyberbullying (OR = 1.39), and illness-specific teasing (OR = 5.29). They were also more likely to be bullies in general (OR = 1.28), as well physical (OR = 1.38) and relational bullies (OR = 1.13). The effect sizes varied across different illnesses and disabilities and, in part, by visibility of the disease, school type, and year of assessment. Conclusions Although most between-group differences tend to be small, some form of intervention is needed to reduce bullying among children and adolescents with chronic physical illnesses and/or physical or sensory disabilities, and illness-specific weight- and appearance-related teasing in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pinquart
- Department of Psychology, Philipps University, Marburg , Germany
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Barasuol JC, Soares JP, Castro RG, Giacomin A, Gonçalves BM, Klein D, Torres FM, Borgatto AF, Ramos-Jorge ML, Bolan M, Cardoso M. Untreated Dental Caries Is Associated with Reports of Verbal Bullying in Children 8-10 Years Old. Caries Res 2017; 51:482-488. [DOI: 10.1159/000479043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to verify the association between verbal bullying and untreated dental caries. The present cross-sectional study had a representative sample of 1,589 children, aged 8-10 years, from public schools. Information on verbal bullying related to the oral condition was obtained through a questionnaire directed to the students. Clinical data were collected by 4 calibrated examiners (kappa > 0.70) using the DMFT/dmft and PUFA/pufa indexes for caries. Socioeconomic issues were answered by those responsible. The prevalence of verbal bullying related to the oral condition was 27%. The results of the Poisson regression, in an adjusted multiple model, showed a significant association between bullying and untreated caries lesions (prevalence ratio, PR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.07-1.52), PUFA/pufa index (PR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.11-1.61), pulp involvement (PR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.09-1.67), and abscess (PR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.18-2.56). It was concluded that children with untreated dental caries had a higher prevalence of verbal bullying when compared to caries-free or disease-treated children.
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Fulgencio LB, Corrêa-Faria P, Lage CF, Paiva SM, Pordeus IA, Serra-Negra JM. Diagnosis of sleep bruxism can assist in the detection of cases of verbal school bullying and measure the life satisfaction of adolescents. Int J Paediatr Dent 2017; 27:293-301. [PMID: 27598528 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a period with changes and conflicts. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the association between sleep bruxism, verbal bullying at school, and life satisfaction among Brazilian adolescents. DESIGN A cross-sectional study of 1344 Brazilian adolescents was performed. Possible sleep bruxism was identified using the consensus criteria based on the reports of parents. The parents and the adolescents answered validated questionnaires. The data were statistically analyzed using the chi-squared test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Poisson regression with robust variance. RESULTS A total of 205 adolescents presented possible sleep bruxism (15.3%). This parafunction was more prevalent among adolescents who were victims of verbal bullying at school (PR: 6.31; 95% CI: 4.78-8.32), victim/perpetrators (PR: 5.27; 95% CI: 3.82-7.27), and who belonged to families from a higher socioeconomic status (RP: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.23-1.86). Possible sleep bruxism was also associated with higher scores in the domains of self (PR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.00-1.08), school (PR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02-1.09) and self-efficacy (PR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.03-1.12), and lower scores in the non-violence domain (PR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93-0.99). CONCLUSIONS Possible sleep bruxism can assist in the detection of adolescents involved in school bullying at school in the roles of victim and victim/perpetrator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Bonfim Fulgencio
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Freitas Lage
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Saul Martins Paiva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Isabela Almeida Pordeus
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Junia Maria Serra-Negra
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Mazur J, Tabak I, Zawadzka D. Determinants of Bullying at School Depending on the Type of Community: Ecological Analysis of Secondary Schools in Poland. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2017; 9:132-142. [PMID: 28572858 PMCID: PMC5429380 DOI: 10.1007/s12310-017-9206-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ecological studies, when the school is the unit of analysis, may help to design and evaluate school intervention programs. The paper discusses selected contextual determinants of bullying, using data collected in Poland in 2015 and aggregated to school level (4085 students; 70 junior high schools). The main hypothesis is related to the neighborhood social capital as protective factor and the type of community as a modifier. The main dependent variable was the combined index of bullying which included three perspectives (victim, perpetrator, bystander). Student delinquent behavior was taken into account as potential determinant, along with selected characteristics of the school and neighborhood. The analyses were adjusted for the percentage of the surveyed boys. The overall bullying index ranged, depending on the school, from 0.88 to 4.07 points (out of 12 possible); intraclass coefficient ICC = 2.8%. In the entire sample, the main predictors of bullying were student delinquent behaviors as a risk factor and the school social climate as a protective factor (R2 = 56.3%). The stratification of schools due to their location influences the inference regarding those main determinants. The dominating influence of delinquent behavior is visible only in big cities where bullying index showed the highest dispersion. In smaller towns and rural areas, the neighborhood social capital becomes an important protective factor; highly correlated with the school climate. We can conclude that strong social bonds in the community are supportive for school climate and can reduce the level of bullying at schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mazur
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Tabak
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Zawadzka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Applied Psychology, The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Szczęśliwicka 40, 02-353 Warsaw, Poland
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Wandera SO, Clarke K, Knight L, Allen E, Walakira E, Namy S, Naker D, Devries K. Violence against children perpetrated by peers: A cross-sectional school-based survey in Uganda. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2017; 68:65-73. [PMID: 28414938 PMCID: PMC5458732 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Violence against children by peers is a global public health problem. We aimed to assess factors associated with peer violence victimization among primary school children in Uganda. We conducted multilevel multivariable logistic regression analyses of cross-sectional data from 3706 primary students in 42 Ugandan primary schools. Among primary school students, 29% and 34% had ever experienced physical and emotional violence perpetrated by their peers, respectively. Factors strongly associated with both physical and emotional violence were similar and overlapping, and included exposure to interparental violence, having an attitude supportive of violence against children from school staff, not living with biological parents, working for payment, and higher SDQ score. However, we found that younger age, sharing sleeping area with an adult and achieving a higher educational performance score, were specifically associated with physical violence. On the other hand, being female, walking to school, reporting disability and eating one meal on the previous day, were particularly associated with emotional violence. Interventions to reduce peer violence should focus on family contexts, school environments and those with poor socio-economic status may need extra support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Ojiambo Wandera
- Department of Population Studies, School of Statistics and Planning, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Demography and Population Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Kelly Clarke
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Louise Knight
- Department of Global Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK.
| | | | - Eddy Walakira
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
| | | | | | - Karen Devries
- Department of Global Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK.
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Serra-Negra JM, Pordeus IA, Corrêa-Faria P, Fulgêncio LB, Paiva SM, Manfredini D. Is there an association between verbal school bullying and possible sleep bruxism in adolescents? J Oral Rehabil 2017; 44:347-353. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Serra-Negra
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - I. A. Pordeus
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - P. Corrêa-Faria
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; Universidade Federal de Goias; Goiania Brazil
| | - L. B. Fulgêncio
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - S. M. Paiva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - D. Manfredini
- School of Dentistry; University of Pàdova; Padova Italy
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