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Yamaguchi M, Honda J, Fukui M. Effects of Parental Involvement on Glycemic Control in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Scoping Review. JOURNAL OF FAMILY NURSING 2023; 29:382-394. [PMID: 37211777 DOI: 10.1177/10748407231171842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is typically diagnosed in pediatric patients. Transitioning from supported management in childhood to self-management in adolescence is an important step. Parental psychosocial influence is a possible factor in adolescents' disease control. This review summarized the effects of parental involvement on glycemic control in adolescents with T1DM by focusing on hemoglobin A1c (HgbAIc). A scoping review per the Guidance for Systematic Scoping Reviews was conducted with the following inclusion criteria: (a) studies in English, (b) focused on adolescents with T1DM, (c) outcomes included HgbAIc, and (d) focused on parental influence of children with T1DM. Of 476 articles, 14 were included. The study outcomes were classified based on direct or indirect influence. "Parental support for adherence" and "parental conflict" significantly affected HgbAIc control. This study provides current evidence on parental influence on glycemic control in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Minae Fukui
- Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Goethals ER, Lemiere J, Snoek FJ, Casteels K, Luyckx K, de Wit M. Executive function mediates the link between externalizing behavior and HbA1c in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A cross-national investigation. Pediatr Diabetes 2021; 22:503-510. [PMID: 33314616 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Externalizing behavior (i.e., conduct problems, hyperactivity) and executive function (EF) problems in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have been associated with worse diabetes-related and psychosocial outcomes but have not been examined in relationship to each other. We aimed to examine whether externalizing behavior is associated with HbA1c and whether this relationship is mediated by EF problems, specifically metacognition (i.e., ability to initiate, plan, organize and monitor behavior) and behavioral regulation (i.e., impulse control, regulation of emotion and behavior). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Cohorts of Belgian and Dutch parents of children and adolescents (6-18 years) with T1D filled out questionnaires on externalizing behavior (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; SDQ) and EF (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function; BRIEF) composite scales. Treating physicians collected HbA1c values. Mediation analyses were performed separately for the BRIEF composite Metacognition and Behavior Regulation scales, correcting for age, sex and diabetes duration. RESULTS The 335 parents of children and adolescents with T1D (mean age 12.3 ± 2.8 SD; mean HbA1c 7.6% ± 1.1 SD [60 mmol/mol ± 12.0 SD]; mean diabetes duration 5.3 ± 3.6 SD; 49.6% female) participated. Analyses showed that the association between externalizing behavior and HbA1c is mediated by metacognition (ab path Point estimate = 0.05 BCa CI 95% 0.02-0.08), and not behavioral regulation. CONCLUSIONS Results uncovered the influence externalizing behavior may have on EF problems in the metacognition domain, which in turn seem to influence HbA1c. Clinicians should be mindful of these EF problems when working with children and adolescents displaying externalizing behavior, and not only target behavioral but also cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline R Goethals
- School Psychology and Development in Context, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Harvard Medical School, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jurgen Lemiere
- Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank J Snoek
- Medical Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Koen Luyckx
- School Psychology and Development in Context, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Unit for Professional Training and Service in the Behavioural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Maartje de Wit
- Medical Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Sanjari M, Peyrovi H, Mehrdad N. The Process of Managing the Children with Type 1 Diabetes in the Family: A Grounded Theory Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY RESEARCH 2021; 26:25-33. [PMID: 33954095 PMCID: PMC8074732 DOI: 10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background: Diabetes is a disease that affects all family members. Parents of children with type 1 diabetes are always concerned about all aspects of children's life. The aim of this study was to elucidate the process of managing children with diabetes in the family. Materials and Methods: This is a qualitative grounded theory of a doctoral dissertation, which was done on 2016. The 18 participants were selected through purposive and theoretical sampling until data saturation. The main participants in this study included parents, siblings, and children with type 1 diabetes. The data was gathered by semi-structured interviews as well as field notes and memos. Data analysis was done concurrently with data collection in four levels, including data analysis for concept and contex, bringing the process into the analysis, and integration of categories according to Corbin and Struss (2008). Core category appeared at the end of integrated categories. Results: “The family with diabetes in the child's diabetes orbit” as a core category contains the process of managing children with diabetes within the family, which included three main subcategories, including “entering into the diabetes orbit”, “movement into the diabetes orbit”, and “living into the diabetes orbit”. Conclusions: The family through the concept of “The family with diabetes in the child's diabetes orbit “as a main concern of families with diabetes suffering diabetes attempt to select and practicing appropriate strategies and manage diabetes and children with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Sanjari
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Peyrovi
- Department of Critical Care Nursing, Nursing Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Mehrdad
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Vloemans AF, Eilander MMA, Rotteveel J, Bakker-van Waarde WM, Houdijk ECAM, Nuboer R, Winterdijk P, Snoek FJ, De Wit M. Youth With Type 1 Diabetes Taking Responsibility for Self-Management: The Importance of Executive Functioning in Achieving Glycemic Control: Results From the Longitudinal DINO Study. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:225-231. [PMID: 30552132 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Successful self-management of type 1 diabetes requires cognitive skills such as executive functioning (EF). In the transition to adolescence, youth take over responsibility for diabetes management. We set out to test: 1) the association between EF and glycemic control over time and 2) whether this association was moderated by: a) youth, shared, or parent responsibility for diabetes management and b) youth's age. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Within the Diabetes IN DevelOpment study (DINO), parents of youth with type 1 diabetes (8-15 years at baseline; N = 174) completed a yearly assessment over 4 years. Glycemic control (HbA1c) was derived from hospital charts. Youth's EF was measured using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF)-parent report. The Diabetes Family Responsibility Questionnaire (DFRQ)-parent report was used to assess diabetes responsibility (youth, shared, and parent). Linear generalized estimating equations were used to analyze data including youth's sex, age, and age of diabetes onset as covariates. RESULTS Relatively more EF problems are significantly associated with higher HbA1c over time (β = 0.190; P = 0.002). More EF problems in combination with less youth responsibility (β = 0.501; P = 0.048) or more parental responsibility (β = -0.767; P = 0.006) are significantly associated with better glycemic control over time. Only age significantly moderates the relationship among EF problems, shared responsibility, and glycemic control (β = -0.024; P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS Poorer EF is associated with worse glycemic control over time, and this association is moderated by responsibility for diabetes management tasks. This points to the importance of EF when youth take over responsibility for diabetes management in order to achieve glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne F Vloemans
- Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Minke M A Eilander
- Diabeter, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Care and Research, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Rotteveel
- Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Willie M Bakker-van Waarde
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Euphemia C A M Houdijk
- Department of Pediatrics, Juliana Children's Hospital/HagaHospital, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Roos Nuboer
- Department of Pediatrics, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Per Winterdijk
- Diabeter, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Care and Research, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank J Snoek
- Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Medical Psychology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maartje De Wit
- Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Kochar IS, Sethi A. Real-world efficacy and safety of insulin degludec with mealtime rapid-acting insulin in type 1 diabetes in Indian pediatric population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINOLOGY 2018; 2018:6. [PMID: 30069184 PMCID: PMC6064114 DOI: 10.1186/s13633-018-0059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Insulin Degludec (IDeg) is a new ultra-long-acting basal insulin that has not been yet evaluated in Indian pediatric population. We aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of IDeg as basal-bolus therapy in Indian pediatric patients affected by type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods A total of 30 pediatric and adolescent patients (17 boys, 13 girls; 22 were pre-pubertal) with T1DM who were on IDeg once daily participated in the study. All the patients received IDeg for at least 26 weeks along with rapid-acting mealtime insulin and their pre- and post-baseline characteristics (anthropometric data (BMI), age, duration of diabetes), metabolic (HbA1C), insulin requirement (unit/kg body weight per day) and number of hypoglycemia episodes were recorded along with the daily self-monitoring of blood glucose. Results There was a significant decline in HbA1c, FPG and bolus insulin dose from baseline to 26 weeks in the overall population (HbA1c: 9.65 ± 1.998% to 8.60 ± 1.631%, P = 0.0014; FPG: 156.93 ± 42.373 mg/dL to 109.37 ± 28.531 mg/dL, P = 0.000004; bolus insulin dose: 0.49 ± 0.208 U/kg/day to 0.35 ± 0.155 U/kg/day, P = 0.00032). The basal insulin dose was significantly higher at 26 weeks compared to baseline dose (0.42 ± 0.134 U/kg/day to 0.46 ± 0.139 U/kg/day, P = 0.04219). There was no significant change in BMI at 26 weeks.None of the patients experienced any DKA episode for 26 weeks. 16.7% patients had experienced at least one symptomatic hypoglycemia episode. On CGMS among the patients who were shifted from Glargine to degludec hypoglycemia were reduced significantly (overall hypoglycemia: 1.92 ± 1.26 to 0.35 ± 0.49 episodes over 3 days, P = 0.0026 while nocturnal hypoglycemia: 0.92 ± 0.47 to 0.21 ± 0.42 episodes, P = 0.0021). None of the patients had severe hypoglycemia episode. Conclusion In our study IDeg is found to be safe and effective long-acting basal insulin that can be used in Indian pediatric population with T1DM. However further long term prospective studies are required to evaluate the long term effects.
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Eilander MM, de Wit M, Rotteveel J, Aanstoot HJ, Bakker-van Waarde WM, Houdijk EC, Nuboer R, Winterdijk P, Snoek FJ. Disturbed eating behaviors in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. How to screen for yellow flags in clinical practice? Pediatr Diabetes 2017; 18:376-383. [PMID: 27357496 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents with type 1 diabetes are at an increased risk of disturbed eating behaviors (DEBs). OBJECTIVE The aims of this study are to (i) explore the prevalence of DEBs and associated 'yellow flags', and (ii) establish concordance between adolescents-parents and adolescents-clinicians with respect to DEBs. METHODS Adolescents (11-16 yr) and parents completed questionnaires. A stepwise approach was used to assess DEBs: only adolescents whose answers raised psychological yellow flags for DEBs completed the Diabetes Eating Problems Scale - Revised and questions from the AHEAD study. Parents and clinicians shared their observations regarding possible DEBs. Kruskal-Wallis tests, post hoc Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-squared tests were utilized to examine clinical yellow flags. Cohen's kappa was used to assess concordance. RESULTS Of 103 adolescents participated (51.5% girls), answers of 47 (46.5%) raised psychological yellow flags, indicating body and weight concerns. A total of 8% scored above cut-off for DEBs. Clinical yellow flags were elevated glycated hemoglobin A1c (p = 0.004), older age (p = 0.034), dieting frequency (p = 0.001), reduced quality of life (p = 0.007), less diabetes self-confidence (p = 0.015), worsened diabetes management (p < 0.001), and body dissatisfaction (p < 0.001). Body Mass Index (BMI) z-scores and gender were no yellow flags. Concordance between parents and adolescents was slight (k = 0.126 and 0.141), and clinicians and adolescents was fair (k = 0.332). DISCUSSION Half of the adolescents reported body and weight concerns, less than 1 in 10 reported DEBs. Screening for yellow flags for DEBs as a part of clinical routine using a stepwise approach and early assistance is recommended to prevent onset or deterioration of DEBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minke Ma Eilander
- Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO + Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje de Wit
- Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO + Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Rotteveel
- EMGO + Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Jan Aanstoot
- Diabeter, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Care and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willie M Bakker-van Waarde
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Euphemia Cam Houdijk
- Department of Pediatrics, Juliana Children's Hospital/Haga Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Roos Nuboer
- Department of Pediatrics, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Per Winterdijk
- Diabeter, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Care and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J Snoek
- Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO + Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Psychology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Eilander MMA, Snoek FJ, Rotteveel J, Aanstoot HJ, Bakker-van Waarde WM, Houdijk ECAM, Nuboer R, Winterdijk P, de Wit M. Parental Diabetes Behaviors and Distress Are Related to Glycemic Control in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes: Longitudinal Data from the DINO Study. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:1462064. [PMID: 29376080 PMCID: PMC5742467 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1462064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate (1) the longitudinal relationship between parental well-being and glycemic control in youth with type 1 diabetes and (2) if youth's problem behavior, diabetes parenting behavior, and parental diabetes-distress influence this relationship. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Parents of youth 8-15 yrs (at baseline) (N = 174) participating in the DINO study completed questionnaires at three time waves (1 yr interval). Using generalized estimating equations, the relationship between parental well-being (WHO-5) and youth's HbA1c was examined. Second, relationships between WHO-5, Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Diabetes Family Behavior Checklist (DFBC), Problem Areas In Diabetes-Parent Revised (PAID-Pr) scores, and HbA1c were analyzed. RESULTS Low well-being was reported by 32% of parents. No relationship was found between parents' WHO-5 scores and youth's HbA1c (β = -0.052, p = 0.650). WHO-5 related to SDQ (β = -0.219, p < 0.01), DFBC unsupportive scale (β = -0.174, p < 0.01), and PAID-Pr (β = -0.666, p < 0.01). Both DFBC scales (supportive β = -0.259, p = 0.01; unsupportive β = 0.383, p = 0.017), PAID-Pr (β = 0.276, p < 0.01), and SDQ (β = 0.424, p < 0.01) related to HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS Over time, reduced parental well-being relates to increased problem behavior in youth, unsupportive parenting, and parental distress, which negatively associate with HbA1c. More unsupportive diabetes parenting and distress relate to youth's problem behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minke M. A. Eilander
- Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelenlaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Diabeter, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Care and Research, Blaak 6, 3011 TA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frank J. Snoek
- Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelenlaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Psychology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1100 DD Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joost Rotteveel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henk-Jan Aanstoot
- Diabeter, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Care and Research, Blaak 6, 3011 TA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Willie M. Bakker-van Waarde
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Euphemia C. A. M. Houdijk
- Department of Pediatrics, Juliana Children's Hospital/Haga Hospital, Els Borst-Eilersplein 275, 2545 AA The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Roos Nuboer
- Department of Pediatrics, Meander Medical Center, Maatweg 3, 3813 TZ Amersfoort, Netherlands
| | - Per Winterdijk
- Diabeter, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Care and Research, Blaak 6, 3011 TA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maartje de Wit
- Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelenlaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Symptoms of depression and anxiety in youth with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 70:70-84. [PMID: 27179232 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The interaction between psychosocial factors and type 1 diabetes is complex and screening for psychosocial risk factors from diagnosis of type 1 diabetes has been recommended. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis to address the following questions: (1) How prevalent are symptoms of depression and anxiety in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes? (2) Is there an association of symptoms of depression and anxiety with diabetes management and glycemic control? MATERIAL AND METHODS We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO in April 2014 with an update in May 2015. When possible, data were pooled to estimate summary effects. RESULTS 14 studies investigated symptoms of depression and anxiety in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. The pooled prevalence of depressive symptoms was 30.04%, 95% CI [16.33; 43.74]. There were correlations between symptom levels and glycemic control as well as three-way interactions between HbA1c, blood glucose monitoring frequency or diabetes-specific stress and depression. Symptoms of anxiety were reported for up to 32% of patients. A negative impact on glycemic control was demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses confirmed a high prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety in youth with type 1 diabetes that potentially compromise diabetes management and glycemic control. In our opinion these findings support recommendations for early screening for psychological comorbidity and regular psychosocial assessment from diagnosis. Future prospective studies are warranted to further explore the interaction of symptoms of depression and anxiety with type 1 diabetes and develop evidence-based treatment models.
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Myrdal Miller A. 2015 Lenna Frances Cooper Memorial Lecture: Success in Dietetics: Inspired by Farmers, Flavor, and Fun! J Acad Nutr Diet 2016; 116:330-338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Eilander MMA, de Wit M, Rotteveel J, Snoek FJ. Low Self-Confidence and Diabetes Mismanagement in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes Mediate the Relationship between Behavioral Problems and Elevated HbA1c. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:3159103. [PMID: 26682230 PMCID: PMC4670876 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3159103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies indicated an association between behavior problems (internalizing, externalizing) and glycemic control (HbA1c) in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aim of this study is to examine if this association is mediated by self-confidence and mismanagement of diabetes. METHODS Problem behavior was assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Mediating variables were assessed using the Confidence in Diabetes Self-Care-Youth and Diabetes Mismanagement Questionnaire. HbA1c was derived from hospital charts. Bootstrap mediation analysis for multiple mediation was utilized. RESULTS 88 youths with T1D, age 11-15 y, participated. The relation between both overall problem behavior and externalizing behavior problems and HbA1c was mediated through confidence in diabetes self-care and mismanagement (a 1 b 1 + a 2 b 2 path; point estimate = 0.50 BCa CI 95% 0.25-0.85; a 1 b 1 + a 2 b 2 path; point estimate = 0.73 BCa CI 95% 0.36-1.25). CONCLUSIONS Increased problem behavior in youth with T1D is associated with elevated HbA1c and mediated by low self-confidence and diabetes mismanagement. Screening for problem behavior and mismanagement and assisting young patients in building confidence seem indicated to optimize glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minke M. A. Eilander
- Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Minke M. A. Eilander:
| | - Maartje de Wit
- Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joost Rotteveel
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, VU Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frank J. Snoek
- Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Psychology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Meibergdreef 9, 1100 DD Amsterdam, Netherlands
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