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Coyle-Asbil HJ, Breau B, Ma DWL, Haines J, Buchholz AC, Vallis LA. Compliance with the 24-hour movement behavior guidelines and the impact of sleep methods among toddler, preschool, and school-aged children enrolled in the Guelph Family Health Study. J Sci Med Sport 2024:S1440-2440(24)00205-6. [PMID: 38937183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Canadian movement guidelines focused on physical activity (PA), sleep, and screen time support childhood development and reduce the risk of chronic disease. Accelerometers are often used to capture these behaviors; however, they are limited in their ability to record daytime sleep due to potential misclassification. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to 1) determine the prevalence of children enrolled in the Guelph Family Health Study who met the guidelines and to 2) compare the impact of different sleep measurement methods. DESIGN/METHODS Toddlers (1.5-<3 years; n = 128; valid data for all movement behaviors, n = 70), preschoolers (3-<5 years; n = 143; valid data for all movement behaviors, n = 104), and school-aged (5-<6 years; n = 49; valid data for all movement behaviors, n = 31) children were included. Screen time and sleep habits were obtained through parental report and published normative data. PA and sleep were recorded using accelerometers (wGT3X-BT ActiGraph; right hip). RESULTS It was found that 66 % of toddler, 44 % of preschool, and 63 % of school-aged children met the screen time guidelines. Further, 63 % of toddler, 98 % of preschooler, and 80 % of school-aged children met PA guidelines. Sleep guideline compliance ranged from 3 % to 83 % in toddler, 27 % to 92 % in preschooler, and 32 % to 90 % in school-aged children. These proportions were found to be significantly different (Cochran's Q and McNemar's tests). CONCLUSIONS Nearly all children met PA guidelines. In contrast, less than half to two-thirds met screen time guidelines. Compliance with sleep guidelines varied substantially with measurement method, highlighting the need for standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Coyle-Asbil
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Canada
| | - Becky Breau
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Canada
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Canada
| | - Jess Haines
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Canada
| | - Andrea C Buchholz
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Canada
| | - Lori Ann Vallis
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Canada.
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Fundamental Movement Skills and Physical Activity of 3-4-Year-Old Children within Early Childhood Centers in New Zealand. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8090742. [PMID: 34572174 PMCID: PMC8469423 DOI: 10.3390/children8090742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We sought to describe and explore relationships between fundamental movement skills (FMS) and level of physical activity (PA; light-, medium-, vigorous, and kCal/hour) in preschool children, aged 3–4-years-old, across four early childhood education (ECE) settings. Children’s FMS were assessed using the Test for Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2; n = 81) and PA via accelerometers (S = 53). Eighty-four children participated, with 50 in both assessments. The TGMD-2 showed as the children got older, their locomotor skills (p < 0.001, r = 0.512) and object control motor skills (p < 0.001, r = 0.383) improved. Accelerometry showed children were primarily inactive at ECE (78.3% of the time). There were significant correlations between kCal/hour and light (p < 0.001, r = −0.688), moderate (p < 0.001, r = 0.599) and vigorous (p < 0.001, rs = 0.707) activity, and between gross motor quotient and locomotor (p < 0.001, r = 0.798) and object control (p < 0.001, r = 0.367) skills. No correlation was observed between gross motor quotient and kCal/hour. To conclude, children in this cohort were primarily inactive during ECE center hours. Moreover, gross motor quotient was significantly correlated to locomotor and object control skills.
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Pereira J, Santos R, Sousa-Sá E, Zhang Z, Burley J, Veldman SLC, Cliff DP. Longitudinal differences in levels and bouts of sedentary time by different day types among Australian toddlers and pre-schoolers. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:2804-2811. [PMID: 34412555 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1964747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to characterize sedentary time (ST) and sedentary bouts among young children, across a typical week and by day type (childcare days, non-childcare days and weekends), over a 12-month period.ST % (ST/accelerometer wear time*100) and number of sedentary bouts/hours were assessed using accelerometers at two time-points 12-months apart in 153 toddlers and 74 pre-schoolers. Differences between baseline and follow-up according to the whole week and the different day types were calculated using linear mixed models with adjustment for age, sex, socio-economic status and zBMI.During the weekend, toddlers had more 20-30 min/h sedentary bouts at follow-up than at baseline (MD: 0.03). In pre-schoolers, ST % (MD:-8.4), the number of 1-4 min/h (MD:-1.45), 5-9 min/h (MD: -0.46) and 10-19 min/h sedentary bouts (MD:-0.11) were lower at baseline, compared to follow-up, on non-childcare days; as were the number of 5-9 min/h sedentary bouts on weekends (MD:0.40). P < 0.05 for all.This study found that longer sedentary bouts (20-30 min/h) tended to decrease among toddlers and pre-schoolers, whereas ST and shorter sedentary bouts increased over 12-months, particularly among pre-schoolers on non-childcare weekdays. Non-childcare days, and home environment may be targeted for intervention to reduce ST and sedentary bouts among pre-schoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pereira
- School of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia.,Universidade Lusófona, CIDEFES (Centro De Investigação Em Desporto, Educação Física E Exercício E Saúde), Lisboa, Portugal.,CIDAF (uid/dtp/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rute Santos
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure - CIAFEL - University of Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal.,Directorate-General of Health
- National Physical Activity Promotion Program, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Sousa-Sá
- School of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia.,Universidade Lusófona, CIDEFES (Centro De Investigação Em Desporto, Educação Física E Exercício E Saúde), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Zhiguang Zhang
- School of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia.,Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jade Burley
- School of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute - IHMRI - University of Wollongong, Wollongong, AUSTRALIA
| | - Sanne L C Veldman
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dylan P Cliff
- School of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute - IHMRI - University of Wollongong, Wollongong, AUSTRALIA
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Okely AD, Kariippanon KE, Guan H, Taylor EK, Suesse T, Cross PL, Chong KH, Suherman A, Turab A, Staiano AE, Ha AS, El Hamdouchi A, Baig A, Poh BK, Del Pozo-Cruz B, Chan CHS, Nyström CD, Koh D, Webster EK, Lubree H, Tang HK, Baddou I, Del Pozo-Cruz J, Wong JE, Sultoni K, Nacher M, Löf M, Cui M, Hossain MS, Chathurangana PWP, Kand U, Wickramasinghe VPP, Calleia R, Ferdous S, Van Kim T, Wang X, Draper CE. Global effect of COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep among 3- to 5-year-old children: a longitudinal study of 14 countries. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:940. [PMID: 34001086 PMCID: PMC8128084 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10852-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The restrictions associated with the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in changes to young children's daily routines and habits. The impact on their participation in movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary screen time and sleep) is unknown. This international longitudinal study compared young children's movement behaviours before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Parents of children aged 3-5 years, from 14 countries (8 low- and middle-income countries, LMICs) completed surveys to assess changes in movement behaviours and how these changes were associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Surveys were completed in the 12 months up to March 2020 and again between May and June 2020 (at the height of restrictions). Physical activity (PA), sedentary screen time (SST) and sleep were assessed via parent survey. At Time 2, COVID-19 factors including level of restriction, environmental conditions, and parental stress were measured. Compliance with the World Health Organizations (WHO) Global guidelines for PA (180 min/day [≥60 min moderate- vigorous PA]), SST (≤1 h/day) and sleep (10-13 h/day) for children under 5 years of age, was determined. RESULTS Nine hundred- forty-eight parents completed the survey at both time points. Children from LMICs were more likely to meet the PA (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AdjOR] = 2.0, 95%Confidence Interval [CI] 1.0,3.8) and SST (AdjOR = 2.2, 95%CI 1.2,3.9) guidelines than their high-income country (HIC) counterparts. Children who could go outside during COVID-19 were more likely to meet all WHO Global guidelines (AdjOR = 3.3, 95%CI 1.1,9.8) than those who were not. Children of parents with higher compared to lower stress were less likely to meet all three guidelines (AdjOR = 0.5, 95%CI 0.3,0.9). CONCLUSION PA and SST levels of children from LMICs have been less impacted by COVID-19 than in HICs. Ensuring children can access an outdoor space, and supporting parents' mental health are important prerequisites for enabling pre-schoolers to practice healthy movement behaviours and meet the Global guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Okely
- Early Start, School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Science and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Katharina E Kariippanon
- Early Start, School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Science and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Hongyan Guan
- Department of Early Childhood Development, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Ellie K Taylor
- Early Start, Faculty of the Arts, Social Science and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Thomas Suesse
- NIASRA - National Institute for Applied Statistics Research Australia, School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Penny L Cross
- Early Start, Faculty of the Arts, Social Science and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Kar Hau Chong
- Early Start, Faculty of the Arts, Social Science and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Adang Suherman
- Faculty of Sport and Health Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Ali Turab
- Precision Health Consultants (PHC Global), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Amanda E Staiano
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge Louisiana, Pennington, 70808, USA
| | - Amy S Ha
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Asmaa El Hamdouchi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Nutrition et Alimentation, CNESTEN - Université Ibn Tofail (URAC-39), Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA/IAEA, Pennington, USA
| | - Aqsa Baig
- Precision Health Consultants (PHC Global), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bee Koon Poh
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Borja Del Pozo-Cruz
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Centre for Active and Healthy Ageing, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Cecilia H S Chan
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Denise Koh
- Centre of Community Education and Well-being, Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - E Kipling Webster
- Institute of Public and Preventive Health, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Himangi Lubree
- Vadu Rural Health Program, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Rasta Peth, Pune, India
| | - Hong Kim Tang
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Issad Baddou
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Nutrition et Alimentation, CNESTEN - Université Ibn Tofail (URAC-39), Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA/IAEA, Pennington, USA
| | - Jesus Del Pozo-Cruz
- Departamento de Educación Física y Deporte, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jyh Eiin Wong
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kuston Sultoni
- Faculty of Sport and Health Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Maria Nacher
- Early Start, Faculty of the Arts, Social Science and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Marie Löf
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mingming Cui
- Department of Early Childhood Development, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Uddhavi Kand
- Vadu Rural Health Program, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Rasta Peth, Pune, India
| | | | - Rebecca Calleia
- Early Start, Faculty of the Arts, Social Science and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | | | - Thanh Van Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Early Childhood Development, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Catherine E Draper
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Witwatersrand, South Africa
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Objectively Measured Sedentary Levels and Bouts by Day Type in Australian Young Children. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:580-586. [PMID: 33837164 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to understand whether a higher number of sedentary bouts (SED bouts) and higher levels of sedentary time (SED time) occur according to different day types (childcare days, nonchildcare weekdays, and weekends) in Australian toddlers (1-2.99 y) and preschoolers (3-5.99 y). METHODS The SED time and bouts were assessed using ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers. The sample was composed of 264 toddlers and 343 preschoolers. The SED bouts and time differences were calculated using linear mixed models. RESULTS The toddlers' percentage of SED time was higher on nonchildcare days compared with childcare days (mean difference [MD] = 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.7 to 3.9). The toddlers had a higher number of 1- to 4-minute SED bouts on nonchildcare days compared with childcare days. The preschoolers presented higher percentages of SED time during nonchildcare days (MD = 3.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 4.5) and weekends (MD = 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 0.4 to 3.4) compared with childcare days. The preschoolers presented a higher number of SED bouts (1-4, 5-9, 10-19, and 20-30 min) during nonchildcare days and weekends compared with childcare days. No SED times or bout differences were found between nonchildcare days and weekends, neither SED bouts >30 minutes on toddlers nor on preschoolers. CONCLUSION The SED time and bouts seem to be lower during childcare periods, which means that interventions to reduce sedentary time should consider targeting nonchildcare days and weekends.
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Cross-Sectional Associations of Application Use and Media Program Viewing with Cognitive and Psychosocial Development in Preschoolers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041608. [PMID: 33567758 PMCID: PMC7915434 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Executive functions and psychosocial health during childhood are positively associated with health and developmental outcomes into adulthood. Electronic media use has been reported to adversely affect health and development in children; however, what remains unclear is whether contemporary media behaviors, such as electronic application (app) use, exerts similar effects on health and development. We investigated the associations of electronic media use (program viewing and app use) with cognitive and psychosocial development in preschoolers. Parents of preschool children (n = 247, 4.2 ± 0.6 years) reported the time their child spent using electronic media. Direct assessment of the children’s executive functions (working memory, inhibition, and shifting) and educator-reported psychosocial difficulties were also collected. Associations were examined using linear regression adjustments for covariates and preschool clustering. Small, but significant, negative associations were observed for total electronic media use (b = −0.001; 95% CI: −0.003, −0.000; p = 0.026) and program viewing (b = −0.002; 95% CI: −0.003, −0.000; p = 0.033) with children’s visual–spatial working memory. However, high-dose app users demonstrated higher phonological working memory scores compared to non-users (MD = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.58; p = 0.025). Similarly, compared to non-users, low-dose app users displayed statistically significantly fewer total difficulties (MD = −1.67; 95% CI: −3.31, −0.02; p = 0.047). No associations were evident for high-dose app users and the remaining outcomes. The results may suggest that attempts to reduce program viewing while promoting moderate levels of app use may exert positive influences on children’s executive functions and psychosocial development.
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McNeill J, Howard SJ, Vella SA, Cliff DP. Longitudinal associations of physical activity and modified organized sport participation with executive function and psychosocial health in preschoolers. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:2858-2865. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1803037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jade McNeill
- Early Start, School of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Steven J. Howard
- Early Start, School of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Stewart A. Vella
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Dylan P. Cliff
- Early Start, School of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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McNeill J, Howard SJ, Vella SA, Cliff DP. Compliance with the 24-Hour movement guidelines for the early years: Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations with executive function and psychosocial health in preschool children. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 23:846-853. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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McNeill J, Howard SJ, Vella SA, Cliff DP. Longitudinal Associations of Electronic Application Use and Media Program Viewing with Cognitive and Psychosocial Development in Preschoolers. Acad Pediatr 2019; 19:520-528. [PMID: 30853576 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate associations of traditional (program viewing) and contemporary (electronic applications, or apps) electronic media use with preschoolers' executive function and psychosocial development 12 months later. METHODS We conducted an analysis of longitudinal data from 185 children (mean age, 4.2 ± 0.6 years). Parents reported children's weekly electronic media use: 1) viewing programs on television or other devices and 2) app and game play using tablets, computers, consoles, or other devices. Direct assessments of children's executive functions (working memory, inhibition, and shifting) and educator-reported psychosocial difficulties were also collected. Linear regression models assessed associations between baseline predictors and developmental outcomes 12 months later, adjusting for covariates, preschool clustering, and baseline levels of predictors. RESULTS Higher levels of program viewing at baseline were significantly associated with increases in externalizing behaviors (β = 0.008; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.002-0.014; P = .010) and total difficulties (β = 0.013; 95% CI, 0.005-0.022; P = .005) at follow-up. High-dose app users (≥30 min/d) had a significantly lower inhibition score (mean difference = -0.04; 95% CI: -0.09 to -0.00; P = .044) at follow-up compared to low-dose app users (1 to 29 min/d). CONCLUSIONS Limiting electronic app use to <30 min/d and limiting media program viewing may be positively associated with preschool children's cognitive and psychosocial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade McNeill
- Early Start and School of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences (J McNeill, SJ Howard, DP Cliff); Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (J McNeill and DP Cliff).
| | - Steven J Howard
- Early Start and School of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences (J McNeill, SJ Howard, DP Cliff); Early Start and School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences (SJ Howard and SA Vella), University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stewart A Vella
- Early Start and School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences (SJ Howard and SA Vella), University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dylan P Cliff
- Early Start and School of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences (J McNeill, SJ Howard, DP Cliff); Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (J McNeill and DP Cliff)
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Simjanoska M, Gjoreski M, Gams M, Madevska Bogdanova A. Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Estimation from ECG Using Machine Learning Techniques. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E1160. [PMID: 29641430 PMCID: PMC5949031 DOI: 10.3390/s18041160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood pressure (BP) measurements have been used widely in clinical and private environments. Recently, the use of ECG monitors has proliferated; however, they are not enabled with BP estimation. We have developed a method for BP estimation using only electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. METHODS Raw ECG data are filtered and segmented, and, following this, a complexity analysis is performed for feature extraction. Then, a machine-learning method is applied, combining a stacking-based classification module and a regression module for building systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) predictive models. In addition, the method allows a probability distribution-based calibration to adapt the models to a particular user. RESULTS Using ECG recordings from 51 different subjects, 3129 30-s ECG segments are constructed, and seven features are extracted. Using a train-validation-test evaluation, the method achieves a mean absolute error (MAE) of 8.64 mmHg for SBP, 18.20 mmHg for DBP, and 13.52 mmHg for the MAP prediction. When models are calibrated, the MAE decreases to 7.72 mmHg for SBP, 9.45 mmHg for DBP and 8.13 mmHg for MAP. CONCLUSION The experimental results indicate that, when a probability distribution-based calibration is used, the proposed method can achieve results close to those of a certified medical device for BP estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Simjanoska
- Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Rugjer Boshkovikj 16, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia.
| | - Martin Gjoreski
- Department of Intelligent Systems, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Matjaž Gams
- Department of Intelligent Systems, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ana Madevska Bogdanova
- Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Rugjer Boshkovikj 16, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia.
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Cliff DP, McNeill J, Vella SA, Howard SJ, Santos R, Batterham M, Melhuish E, Okely AD, de Rosnay M. Adherence to 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years and associations with social-cognitive development among Australian preschool children. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:857. [PMID: 29219104 PMCID: PMC5773906 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The new Australian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years recommend that, for preschoolers, a healthy 24-h includes: i) ≥180 min of physical activity, including ≥60 min of energetic play, ii) ≤1 h of sedentary screen time, and iii) 10-13 h of good quality sleep. Using an Australian sample, this study reports the proportion of preschool children meeting these guidelines and investigates associations with social-cognitive development. METHODS Data from 248 preschool children (mean age = 4.2 ± 0.6 years, 57% boys) participating in the PATH-ABC study were analyzed. Children completed direct assessments of physical activity (accelerometry) and social cognition (the Test of Emotional Comprehension (TEC) and Theory of Mind (ToM)). Parents reported on children's screen time and sleep. Children were categorised as meeting/not meeting: i) individual guidelines, ii) combinations of two guidelines, or iii) all three guidelines. Associations were examined using linear regression adjusting for child age, sex, vocabulary, area level socio-economic status and childcare level clustering. RESULTS High proportions of children met the physical activity (93.1%) and sleep (88.7%) guidelines, whereas fewer met the screen time guideline (17.3%). Overall, 14.9% of children met all three guidelines. Children meeting the sleep guideline performed better on TEC than those who did not (mean difference [MD] = 1.41; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.36, 2.47). Children meeting the sleep and physical activity or sleep and screen time guidelines also performed better on TEC (MD = 1.36; 95% CI = 0.31, 2.41) and ToM (MD = 0.25; 95% CI = -0.002, 0.50; p = 0.05), respectively, than those who did not. Meeting all three guidelines was associated with better ToM performance (MD = 0.28; 95% CI = -0.002, 0.48, p = 0.05), while meeting a larger number of guidelines was associated with better TEC (3 or 2 vs. 1/none, p < 0.02) and ToM performance (3 vs. 2, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Strategies to promote adherence to the 24-Hour Movement Behaviour Guidelines for the Early Years among preschool children are warranted. Supporting preschool children to meet all guidelines or more guidelines, particularly the sleep and screen time guidelines, may be beneficial for their social-cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan P Cliff
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Jade McNeill
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Stewart A Vella
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Steven J Howard
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Rute Santos
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marijka Batterham
- Statistical Consulting Service, School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Edward Melhuish
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Department of Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Anthony D Okely
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Marc de Rosnay
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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