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Pu F, Lin J, Wei Y, Li J, Liao X, Shi L, Zeng X, Hu W. Association of dietary behavior patterns of middle-aged and older adults with their obesity metabolic phenotype: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2311. [PMID: 39187819 PMCID: PMC11346011 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Middle-aged and elderly individuals are the most susceptible groups for metabolic diseases, with their dietary behaviors being significant influencing factors. Exploring the association between overall dietary behaviors and obesity metabolic phenotypes is crucial for early prevention and control of chronic diseases, precision treatment and personalized interventions. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 15,160 middle-aged and older adults between June 2019 and August 2021 to collect information on their body mass index (BMI), biochemical indices and disease history. The population was classified into four categories by the criteria of obesity metabolic phenotypes: metabolically healthy non-obesity (MHNO), metabolically unhealthy non-obesity (MUNO), metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). Scores were calculated based on compliance with healthy eating behavior patterns (appropriate or light dietary taste, moderately soft and hard food, slightly hot food temperature, medium or slow eating speed, daily intake of dietary supplements and eating with others), and the population was categorized into subgroups 0-2 (did not meet and met only 1 or 2), 3-4 (met 3 or 4), 5-6 (met 5 or 6). The relationship between dietary behavior patterns and different obesity metabolic phenotypes in middle-aged and elderly people were analyzed by multi-categorical logistic regression model. RESULTS Compared with the 5-6 subgroup, the dietary behavior patterns of 0-2 and 3-4 scores were risk factors for MUNO, MHO and MUO (P < 0.05), and the lower the scores of the dietary behavior patterns, the higher the multiplicity of the occurrence of MUNO, MHO and MUO, especially for females and adults between 45-60 years old. Appropriate or light dietary taste, moderately soft and hard food, and slightly hot food temperature were protective factors for MUNO and MUO (P < 0.05); medium or slow eating speed and daily intake of dietary supplements were protective factors for MUNO, MHO and MUO (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Dietary behavior patterns in middle-aged and older adults are associated with different obesity metabolic phenotypes, and healthy dietary behaviors may be beneficial for the prevention and control of MUNO, MHO and MUO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Pu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jialing Lin
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Sichuan Tianfu New Area People's Hospital, No.97 Zhengbei Shangjie, Huayang Street, Tianfu New Area, Chengdu, 610213, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaoyao Wei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyi Liao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianchun Zeng
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, No.783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Reicks M, Lora KR, Jin Y, Anderson AK, Monroe-Lord L, Jones BL, Topham GL, Banna J, Gunther C, Hopkins LC, Richards R, Wong SS. Parenting Practices Are Associated With Adolescent Food Choices During Independent Eating Occasions. J Acad Nutr Diet 2023; 123:1479-1487.e4. [PMID: 37196979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2023.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frequency of independent eating occasions (iEOs) has been linked to intake of unhealthy foods and overweight or obesity among adolescents. Parenting practices involving modeling healthy food intake and making healthy foods available have been associated with healthy food intake among adolescents; however, little is known about these associations during iEOs. OBJECTIVE To determine whether parenting practices involving structure (monitoring, availability, modeling, and expectations), lack of structure (indulgence), and autonomy support reported by adolescents or parents were associated with adolescent iEO intake of junk foods, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), sugary foods, and fruit and vegetables. DESIGN Cross-sectional study measuring parenting practices and adolescent iEO food choices via an online survey and adapted food frequency questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Parent/adolescent dyads (n = 622) completed surveys (November-December 2021) using a national Qualtrics panel database. Adolescents were 11 to 14 years of age and had iEOs at least weekly. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary measures included parent- and adolescent-reported frequency of food parenting practices and adolescent-reported iEO intake of junk foods, sugary foods, SSBs, and fruits and vegetables. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine associations between parenting practices and iEO intake of foods/beverages, adjusting for adolescent's age, sex, race and ethnicity, iEO frequency, parent's education and marital status, and household food security status. Bonferroni multiple comparison corrections were conducted. RESULTS More than half of parents were female (66%) and 35 to 64 years of age (58%). Adolescents/parents identified as White/Caucasian (44%/42%), Black/African American (28%/27%), Asian (21%/23%), and Hispanic ethnicity (42%/42%). Positive associations were observed among adolescent-reported and parent-reported autonomy support, monitoring, indulgence and expectations parenting practices, and adolescent-reported daily iEO intake frequencies of junk foods, sugary foods, and fruits and vegetables (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Structural and autonomy support parenting practices were positively associated with both healthy and unhealthy iEO food intake by adolescents. Interventions to improve adolescent iEO intake could promote positive practices associated with healthy food consumption.
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Gunther C, Banna J, Jones BL, Park C, Reicks M, Richards R, Schier H, Topham GL, Wong SS, Anderson AK, Ballejos M, Hopkins LC, Lora KR, Monroe-Lord L. Adolescent Independent Eating Occasions, Dietary Intake, and Parenting Practices During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study of Parents and Adolescents From Households With Low Income. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 55:634-643. [PMID: 37422758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine how experiencing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic influenced adolescent independent eating occasions (iEOs) and iEO-related parenting practices from the perspective of parents and adolescents METHODS: Cross-sectional remote interviews were conducted for this basic qualitative research study. Participants were a purposive sample of multiracial/ethnic adolescents aged 11-14 years and their parents from households with low income (n = 12 dyads) representing 9 US states. The main outcome measures were iEOs and iEO-related parenting practices. Data were analyzed using directed content analysis. RESULTS About half of the parents indicated that their adolescents had more iEOs during the COVID-19 pandemic and that there were changes in the types of foods consumed during iEOs. In contrast, most adolescents indicated their iEOs had not changed remarkably in frequency or foods consumed since the onset of the pandemic. Most parents reported no change in how they taught their adolescents about healthy food, the rules for foods/beverages permitted during iEOs, or how they monitored what their adolescents ate during iEOs; adolescent reports were in general agreement. Most parents indicated that family members were home together more often during the pandemic, which increased cooking frequency. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents' iEOs varied, and the parenting practices used to influence iEOs remained stable during the pandemic. Families experienced having more time together and cooking at home more often.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Gunther
- Martha S. Pitzer for Women, Children, and Youth, College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
| | - Jinan Banna
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI
| | - Blake L Jones
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
| | - Catherine Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Marla Reicks
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Rickelle Richards
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
| | - Heather Schier
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Glade L Topham
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Siew Sun Wong
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Alex K Anderson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | | | - Laura C Hopkins
- Department of Public Health and Prevention Science, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH
| | - Karina R Lora
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Lillie Monroe-Lord
- Center for Nutrition, Diet and Health, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC
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Role of Dietary Factors, Food Habits, and Lifestyle in Childhood Obesity Development: A Position Paper From the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 72:769-783. [PMID: 33720094 PMCID: PMC9770153 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Childhood obesity has high societal and economic impact but current treatment approaches are sub-optimal. In the last decade, important studies have been conducted aiming to identify strategies to prevent obesity during critical periods of life. Updated recommendations for childhood obesity prevention are needed. We present data from systematic reviews and meta- analysis, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and large observational studies, published from 2011 onwards that consider the possible role of the following factors in obesity development: breast-feeding; macronutrient composition and method of complementary feeding; parenting style; dietary patterns; sugar-sweetened beverage consumption; eating behaviour (eg, skipping breakfast, family dinners. etc); meal frequency and composition (fast foods, snacking), portion size; dietary modulators of gut microbiota (including pre-, pro-, and synbiotics); physical activity and sedentary behaviour. We used the Medline database and the Cochrane Library to search for relevant publications. Important research gaps were also identified. This position paper provides recommendations on dietary factors, food habits, and lifestyle to prevent childhood obesity development, based on the available literature and expert opinion. Clinical research and high-quality trials are urgently needed to resolve numerous areas of uncertainty.
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Moore JB, Jee S, Kemper BJ, Maddock JE, Li R. Association Between Social Isolation and Eating Alone on Foods Consumed by Chinese Adolescents. JOURNAL OF HEALTHY EATING AND ACTIVE LIVING 2021; 1:74-83. [PMID: 37789910 PMCID: PMC10544925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is increasingly affecting Chinese adolescents due to trends in unhealthy eating, including lower fruit and vegetable consumption and increased consumption of processed foods. A cross-sectional study of adolescents was conducted in Wuhan, China, in October 2019 that included measurements of perceived social isolation, eating when anxious or depressed, diet composition, body weight, and height. Social isolation, eating when sad or anxious, and eating alone were significant predictors of processed food and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, although only eating when sad or anxious was a significant predictor of fruit and vegetable consumption. Eating when anxious or depressed did not mediate these relationships. Social isolation was associated with consumption of processed foods and sugar-sweetened beverages by boys, but not by girls, and only eating home-cooked dinner was associated with fruit and vegetable consumption by female adolescents. Eating when sad or anxious, eating alone, and eating home-cooked meals were all associated with fruit and vegetable consumption among male adolescents. The effects of social isolation, anxiety, and depression could act to increase unhealthy eating through several mechanisms potentially mediated by chronic stress, while eating alone could also act to increase unhealthy eating due to effects of self-efficacy and food availability. The interplay between diet and outside factors, including environment, social factors, and personal psychology specific to Chinese adolescents needs to be better understood to develop comprehensive interventions for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B. Moore
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - SangHo Jee
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Brett J. Kemper
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | - Rui Li
- Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei,
China
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Otsuka Y, Kaneita Y, Itani O, Jike M, Osaki Y, Higuchi S, Kanda H. Gender differences in dietary behaviors among Japanese adolescents. Prev Med Rep 2020; 20:101203. [PMID: 32995146 PMCID: PMC7509230 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies assessed a variety of adolescent dietary behaviours in Japan. The findings suggest that gender differences existed in dietary behaviors. Girls tended to adopt regular dietary behaviors as compared to boys. Schools support modeling and reinforcing healthy dietary behaviors.
Unhealthy dietary behaviors in adolescence are an important public health problem. Gender differences in dietary behaviors have already appeared during adolescence. However, few studies have assessed a variety of adolescent dietary behaviors in Japan. We aimed to clarify gender differences in unhealthy dietary behaviors among Japanese adolescents. The participants consisted of 84,988 participants from seventh to 12th grades. Unhealthy dietary behaviors were defined according to the National Health and Nutrition Survey. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze a nationally representative sample of Japanese adolescents from the 2014 to 2015 Lifestyle Survey. The effective response rate was 51.4%. The prevalence of unhealthy dietary behaviors (skipping breakfast, snacking, eating out, skipping meals, eating alone at dinner, and subjectively poor diet quality) among boys and girls was 14.2% versus 12.4%, 19.6% versus 14.1%, 10.6% versus 7.0%, 7.9% versus 5.6%, 13.3% versus 12.1%, and 12.3% versus 15.8%, respectively. Compared with boys, girls were more negatively associated with skipping breakfast [OR = 0.76 (95% CI 0.73–0.79)], snacking [OR = 0.67 (95% CI 0.65–0.70)], eating out [OR = 0.62 (95% CI 0.59–0.66)], skipping meals [OR = 0.61 (95% CI 0.58–0.65)], and eating alone at dinner [OR = 0.79 (95% CI 0.76–0.83)]. However, girls were more positively associated with subjectively poor diet quality [OR = 1.19 (95% CI 1.14.1.24)]. The findings suggest that gender differences existed in dietary behaviors. Gender differences in dietary behaviors suggest opportunities for tailoring interventions related to dietary education in schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Otsuka
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kaneita
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Osamu Itani
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Maki Jike
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoneatsu Osaki
- Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Susumu Higuchi
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kanda
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
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Evening Meal Types and Family Meal Characteristics: Associations with Demographic Characteristics and Food Intake among Adolescents. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040886. [PMID: 32218122 PMCID: PMC7230774 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Evening meal types and family meal characteristics among adolescents may vary by demographic characteristics and weight status and can negatively impact dietary intake. We used cross-sectional Family, Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating Study data from parent and adolescent dyads (12–17 years) to examine associations of adolescent evening meal types and family meal characteristics with adolescent and family demographic characteristics, weight status, and dietary intake. Multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations of evening meal types and family meal characteristics with daily intake frequency of foods of interest, adolescent demographic characteristics, SES indicators, and weight status. All evening meal types that were not cooked from scratch showed associations with higher daily intake frequencies of less healthy food groups (fast food, convenience foods, sugar-sweetened beverages). Fast food eaten at home and heat-and-serve/box evening meals were associated with lower daily intake frequency of fruits and vegetables. Weight status, race/ethnicity, and age accounted for differences in associations with agreement regarding family meal characteristics. Agreement with often watching TV while eating, often eating alone and the importance of eating together were associated with daily intake frequency of some food groups. Evening meal types focused on convenience and negative family meal characteristics may adversely influence dietary intake among adolescents.
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Reicks M, Banna J, Anderson AK, Da Silva V, Gunther C, Hongu NK, Jones B, Lora K, Monroe-Lord L, Richards R, Topham G, Wong SS. Development of Parent and Adolescent Questionnaires to Assess Food Parenting Practices That Address Adolescent Consumption During Independent Eating Occasions. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 52:307-313. [PMID: 31780273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2019.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and test parent and early adolescent questionnaires to assess food parenting practices that influence early adolescent food consumption during independent eating occasions (iEOs). METHODS Cross-sectional online questionnaires were completed by 206 and 62 low-income parent/early adolescent (11-14 years) dyads at Time 1 and 2, respectively, recruited via a Qualtrics (Provo, UT) US national panel database. Principal component analyses, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability checks were performed. RESULTS Six parallel components were identified for parents and early adolescents with acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Scales included autonomy support, monitoring, availability, indulgence, expectations, and modeling. All except indulgence were positively correlated with importance of helping early adolescents make healthy choices during iEOs. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Additional research is needed to test the questionnaires' validity regarding relationships between parenting practices and early adolescent consumption during iEOs. Findings could inform development of interventions to improve consumption during these occasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla Reicks
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN.
| | - Jinan Banna
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI
| | | | - Vanessa Da Silva
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Carolyn Gunther
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Nobuko Kay Hongu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Blake Jones
- Psychology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
| | - Karina Lora
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Lillie Monroe-Lord
- Center for Nutrition, Diet and Health, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC
| | - Rickelle Richards
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
| | - Glade Topham
- School of Family Studies and Human Services, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Siew Sun Wong
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Family and Community Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
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Banna J, Richards R, Jones B, Anderson AK, Reicks M, Cluskey M, Gunther C, Hongu NK, Lora K, Misner S, Monroe-Lord L, Topham G, Wong SS, Lim E. Describing Independent Eating Occasions among Low-Income Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030981. [PMID: 32033251 PMCID: PMC7037151 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this formative, cross-sectional study was to describe independent eating occasions (iEOs) among a convenience sample of low-income early adolescents (10–13 years, n = 46) in 10 U.S. states, including environmental context, foods selected and reasons for selection, and parental rules about foods consumed. Participants took pictures of all foods consumed over 24 h and participated in semi-structured interviews to describe the context of each eating occasion using the pictures as a guide. Responses based on a total of 304 eating occasions were coded to classify foods based on United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) MyPlate food groups and to characterize parental rules and reasons for food selection. Average age was 10.9 ± 1.1 years and 60% were female. Approximately 58% of eating occasions were classified as iEOs with approximately 65% as snacks. Most iEOs took place at home. Foods frequently consumed during iEOs were from the sweets, total fruit, dairy, and whole fruit food categories. Primary parental rules for iEOs focused on avoiding certain foods and not eating too much. Early adolescents selected foods for convenience, taste preferences, and availability. Foods selected during iEOs were based on parent, household and early adolescent factors, which could be addressed to influence overall diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinan Banna
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii-Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-808-956-7857
| | - Rickelle Richards
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;
| | - Blake Jones
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;
| | - Alex Kojo Anderson
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Marla Reicks
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Mary Cluskey
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Nutrition, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (M.C.); (S.S.W.)
| | - Carolyn Gunther
- Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Human Nutrition Program, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Nobuko Kay Hongu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (N.K.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Karina Lora
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
| | - Scottie Misner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (N.K.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Lillie Monroe-Lord
- Center for Nutrition, Diet and Health, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC 20008, USA;
| | - Glade Topham
- Couple and Family Therapy Program, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Siew Sun Wong
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Nutrition, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (M.C.); (S.S.W.)
| | - Eunjung Lim
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Hawaii-Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA;
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Gunther C, Reicks M, Banna J, Suzuki A, Topham G, Richards R, Jones B, Lora K, Anderson AK, da Silva V, Penicka C, Hopkins LC, Cluskey M, Hongu N, Monroe-Lord L, Wong SS. Food Parenting Practices That Influence Early Adolescents' Food Choices During Independent Eating Occasions. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 51:993-1002. [PMID: 31221526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2019.05.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify practices that parents use to influence early adolescents' food choices during independent eating occasions (iEOs) from parent and child perspectives. DESIGN In-depth interviews. PARTICIPANTS Low-income parents (n = 49) and early adolescent children (aged 10-13 years; n = 44) from 10 US states and the District of Columbia. PHENOMENON OF INTEREST Parent and child perspectives on parenting practices that influence food choices during iEOs. ANALYSIS Audio-recorded interviews transcribed verbatim, NVivo coding, and directed content analysis. RESULTS Parents reported setting rules and expectations and managing availability or accessibility as the most common practices used to influence iEOs. Other practices included teaching, pressuring to eat, monitoring, and modeling. Children reported that their parents had rules about what they could or could not eat during iEOs and that they used specific strategies (eg, call or text) to monitor their iEOs. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Additional studies are needed to confirm findings from this exploratory study. Future cross-sectional and longitudinal studies could determine whether and to what extent food parenting practices identified in the current study are associated with healthy dietary intake during iEOs, as well as potential racial and ethnic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Gunther
- Department of Human Sciences, Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
| | - Marla Reicks
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - Jinan Banna
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food, and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Manoa, HI
| | - Asuka Suzuki
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food, and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Manoa, HI
| | - Glade Topham
- School of Family Studies and Human Services, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Rickelle Richards
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
| | - Blake Jones
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
| | - Karina Lora
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | | | - Vanessa da Silva
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Christine Penicka
- Department of Human Sciences, Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Laura C Hopkins
- Department of Human Sciences, Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Mary Cluskey
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences Nutrition, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Nobuko Hongu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Lillie Monroe-Lord
- Department of Center for Nutrition, Diet, and Health, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC
| | - Siew Sun Wong
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences Nutrition, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
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Frequency of eating alone is associated with adolescent dietary intake, perceived food-related parenting practices and weight status: cross-sectional Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) Study results. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:1555-1566. [PMID: 30813975 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine relationships between frequency of adolescents eating alone (dependent variable) and diet, weight status and perceived food-related parenting practices (independent variables). DESIGN Analyses of publicly available, cross-sectional, web-based survey data from adolescents. SETTING Online consumer opinion panel. SUBJECTS A US nationwide sample of adolescents (12-17 years) completed Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) Study surveys to report demographic and family meal characteristics, weight, dietary intake, home food availability and perceptions of parenting practices. Parents provided information about demographic characteristics. Logistic regression analyses were used to test for associations between variables. RESULTS About 20 % of adolescents reported often eating alone (n 343) v. not often eating alone (n 1309). Adjusted odds of adolescents often eating alone were significantly higher for non-Hispanic Black compared with non-Hispanic White adolescents (OR=1·7) and for overweight or obese compared with normal- or underweight adolescents (OR=1·6). Adjusted odds of adolescents eating alone were significantly lower for those who reported that fruits and vegetables were often/always available in the home (OR=0·65), for those who perceived that parents had expectations about fruit and vegetable intake (OR=0·71) and for those who agreed with parental authority to make rules about intake of junk food/sugary drinks (OR=0·71). Junk food and sugary drink daily intake frequency was positively associated with often eating alone. CONCLUSIONS Often eating alone was related to being overweight/obese, having less healthy dietary intake and perceptions of less supportive food-related parenting practices.
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