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Arora A, Chew L, Kang K, Tang L, Estai M, Thepsourinthone J, Chandio N, Parmar J, Doyizode AM, Jain K. V, Bhole S. Diet, Nutrition, and Oral Health: What Influences Mother's Decisions on What to Feed Their Young Children? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8159. [PMID: 34360452 PMCID: PMC8345989 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to learn about mothers' experiences with food choices for their pre-school children in underprivileged communities in Greater Western Sydney (GWS). A total of 20 mother-child dyads living in GWS were recruited to a qualitative study from an ongoing birth cohort study. Participants' houses were visited for semi-structured interviews, which were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed thematically. The interviews yielded five main themes: (i) food choices, nutrition, and health; (ii) accessibility and availability of foods (iii) buying time for parents; (iv) child's age and their preference on food choices; (v) conditioning certain behaviours by family and cultural factors. Nutrition literacy, child's preferences, unhealthy food intake by family members, child's demand, advertising and availability of harmful foods, and time constraints were all mentioned as hurdles to mothers making appropriate meal choices for their children. However, some identified facilitators were promoting parents' knowledge, increasing access to health educational materials, upskilling mothers to providing healthier alternatives, regulating the marketing of unhealth foods. Although, the present study identified critical factors that influence mothers' food choices for their young children, making healthy food choices is a complex practice as it is shaped by individual, social and environmental influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Arora
- Campbelltown Campus, School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (J.T.); (N.C.); (J.P.); (A.M.D.)
- Health Equity Laboratory, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Oral Health Services, Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia;
| | - Louise Chew
- Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia; (L.C.); (K.K.); (L.T.)
| | - Kaye Kang
- Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia; (L.C.); (K.K.); (L.T.)
| | - Lily Tang
- Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia; (L.C.); (K.K.); (L.T.)
| | - Mohamed Estai
- Australian eHealth Research Centre, CSIRO, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia;
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jack Thepsourinthone
- Campbelltown Campus, School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (J.T.); (N.C.); (J.P.); (A.M.D.)
- Health Equity Laboratory, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Navira Chandio
- Campbelltown Campus, School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (J.T.); (N.C.); (J.P.); (A.M.D.)
- Health Equity Laboratory, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Jinal Parmar
- Campbelltown Campus, School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (J.T.); (N.C.); (J.P.); (A.M.D.)
- Health Equity Laboratory, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Ashish M. Doyizode
- Campbelltown Campus, School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (J.T.); (N.C.); (J.P.); (A.M.D.)
- Health Equity Laboratory, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Vipin Jain K.
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE’s Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore 560022, India;
| | - Sameer Bhole
- Oral Health Services, Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia;
- Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia; (L.C.); (K.K.); (L.T.)
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Campos D, Escudero-Marín M, Snitman CM, Torres-Espínola FJ, Azaryah H, Catena A, Campoy C. The Nutritional Profile of Food Advertising for School-Aged Children via Television: A Longitudinal Approach. CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 7:children7110230. [PMID: 33212760 PMCID: PMC7698276 DOI: 10.3390/children7110230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood obesity continues to increase. Screen time, one of the most documented reasons for the obesogenic environment, enhances childhood obesity, since advertisements for unhealthy food products are still broadcast on channels for children. This is presently one of the main challenges for the government in Spain, since the current laws and obligations are not updated. This study aims to analyze food advertising aimed at children on Spanish television in 2013 and 2018 on children's and general channels to test the effect of laws and obligations over time. In total, we viewed 512 h of the most viewed channels, two children's and two general channels, during the week and on weekends during specific periods of 2013 and 2018. Food advertising was categorized as core, non-core, and other food advertisement (CFA, NCFA, and OFA, respectively) according to the nutritional profile. A total of 2935 adverts were analyzed, 1263 in 2013 and 1672 in 2018. A higher proportion of NCFAs were broadcast on children's channels than in prior years, rising from 52.2% to 69.8% (p < 0.001). Nowadays, the risk of watching NCFAs on children's channels compared to general channels turns out to be higher (Odds ratio > 2.5; p < 0.001), due to exposure to adverts for high-sugar and high-fat foods such as cakes, muffins, cookies, and fried and frozen meals rich in fat. In conclusion, the trends of nutritional profiles in food advertising on television are worsening over time, since the prevalence of NCFAs was higher in 2018 than in 2013. Currently, CFAs are not mainly broadcast on children's channels, confirming high-risk exposure to non-core food advertising by watching them. Thus, food advertising laws and obligations should be adapted to increase compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Campos
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.E.-M.); (F.J.T.-E.); (H.A.)
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (C.C.); Tel.: +34-678-725-790 (D.C.); +34-607-631-601 (C.C.)
| | - Mireia Escudero-Marín
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.E.-M.); (F.J.T.-E.); (H.A.)
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Camila M. Snitman
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Francisco J. Torres-Espínola
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.E.-M.); (F.J.T.-E.); (H.A.)
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Hatim Azaryah
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.E.-M.); (F.J.T.-E.); (H.A.)
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Andrés Catena
- Mind, Brain and Behaviour International Research Centre (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain;
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.E.-M.); (F.J.T.-E.); (H.A.)
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs-GRANADA), Health Sciences Technological Park, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Spanish Network of Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada’s Node, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (C.C.); Tel.: +34-678-725-790 (D.C.); +34-607-631-601 (C.C.)
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