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Hudda A, Bird E, Holmes D, Khoury EG, Massias J, Woods H, Obasi A, Clarke E. Exploring patient and staff member views on a 'consent for contact' system for sexual health research: A mixed methods study. Int J STD AIDS 2024:9564624241254874. [PMID: 38756022 DOI: 10.1177/09564624241254874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recruitment in sexual health research is challenging. This study explores the potential of a Consent for Contact system (C4C) - generic consent for research contact - to improve participant recruitment and engagement in sexual health research. Our objectives were to understand patient and staff understanding of research, their views on a separate C4C system, and their preferences for its acceptability in a sexual health clinic setting. METHODS A two-stage study was conducted at a large urban UK sexual health clinic from November 2021 to July 2022. Stage one involved a self-completed questionnaire administered to all patients and staff. In Stage 2, semi-structured interviews (SSIs) further explored patient concerns and preferences. Survey data were analysed using chi-square and Fisher's exact test and thematic analysis was applied to free-text responses and SSIs. RESULTS A total of 205/300 patient (68%) and 41/280 staff questionnaires (15%) were completed. Motivations for research participation included altruism and personal interest. Statistically significant differences were found between patients' and staff members' concerns on confidentiality and anticipated feeling of pressure to participate. The majority of staff (n = 38, 93%) and half of patients (n = 100, 49%) supported implementation of a sexual health C4C system. Participants recognised the potential benefits of a sexual health C4C system, including enhanced privacy and increased research opportunities. Concerns were raised about stigma, terminology, and signing-up methods. CONCLUSION This study found the C4C system has the potential to enhance participant recruitment and engagement in sexual health research, but implementation support is narrowly divided with concerns around privacy and sign-up processes. These insights call for a patient-centred design approach, emphasising clear communication and privacy. Future research should focus on implementing and evaluating a sexual health C4C system to further explore their effectiveness and acceptability in different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza Hudda
- AXESS Sexual Health, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
- Department of International Public Health, The Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Emily Bird
- Southport and Formby District General Hospital, Southport, UK
| | - Daisy Holmes
- AXESS Sexual Health, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | | | - Angela Obasi
- AXESS Sexual Health, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
- Department of International Public Health, The Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Emily Clarke
- AXESS Sexual Health, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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Grady K, Gibson M, Bower P. Can a 'consent to contact' community help research teams overcome barriers to recruitment? The development and impact of the 'Research for the Future' community. BMC Med Res Methodol 2019; 19:195. [PMID: 31640600 PMCID: PMC6805518 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-019-0843-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recruitment to health research remains a major challenge. Innovation is required to meet policy commitments to help patients take part in health research. One innovation that may help meet those policy goals is the development of ‘consent to contact’ systems, where people give generic consent to be contacted about research opportunities. Despite their potential, there are few empirical assessments of different ways of recruiting patients to such communities, or of the value of such communities to local research teams. Main text We describe the development of the ‘Research for the Future‘consent to contact community, outline the recruitment of patients to the community, and present data on their participation in research. Discussion Over 5000 people have been registered across 3 clinical areas. A range of recruitment strategies have been used, including direct recruitment by clinicians, postal invitations from primary care, and social media. In a 1 year period (2016–2017), the community provided over 1500 participants for a variety of research projects. Feedback from research teams has generally been positive. Summary The ‘Research for the Future‘consent to contact community has proven feasible and useful for local research teams. Further evaluation is needed to assess the cost-effectiveness of different recruitment strategies, explore patient and researcher experience of its advantages and disadvantages, and explore how the community can be more reflective of the wider population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Grady
- Research & Innovation, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Martin Gibson
- NIHR Clinical Research Network, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Peter Bower
- NIHR Clinical Research Network and Centre for Primary Care and Health Services Research, University of Manchester, Greater Manchester, UK.
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Russ TC, Woelbert E, Davis KAS, Hafferty JD, Ibrahim Z, Inkster B, John A, Lee W, Maxwell M, McIntosh AM, Stewart R. How data science can advance mental health research. Nat Hum Behav 2019; 3:24-32. [PMID: 30932051 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-018-0470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accessibility of powerful computers and availability of so-called big data from a variety of sources means that data science approaches are becoming pervasive. However, their application in mental health research is often considered to be at an earlier stage than in other areas despite the complexity of mental health and illness making such a sophisticated approach particularly suitable. In this Perspective, we discuss current and potential applications of data science in mental health research using the UK Clinical Research Collaboration classification: underpinning research; aetiology; detection and diagnosis; treatment development; treatment evaluation; disease management; and health services research. We demonstrate that data science is already being widely applied in mental health research, but there is much more to be done now and in the future. The possibilities for data science in mental health research are substantial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom C Russ
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Centre for Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Old Age Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK.
| | | | - Katrina A S Davis
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jonathan D Hafferty
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Zina Ibrahim
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK
- The Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Becky Inkster
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ann John
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - William Lee
- Community and Primary Care Research Group, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
- Devon Partnership NHS Trust, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rob Stewart
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Oduola S, Wykes T, Robotham D, Craig TKJ. What is the impact of research champions on integrating research in mental health clinical practice? A quasiexperimental study in South London, UK. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e016107. [PMID: 28899890 PMCID: PMC5595181 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Key challenges for mental health healthcare professionals to implement research alongside clinical activity have been highlighted, such as insufficient time to apply research skills and lack of support and resources. We examined the impact of employing dedicated staff to promote research in community mental health clinical settings. DESIGN Quasiexperiment before and after study. SETTING South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust. PARTICIPANTS 4455 patients receiving care from 15 community mental health teams between 1 December 2013 and 31 December 2014. OUTCOME MEASURES The proportion of patients approached for research participation in clinical services where research champions were present (intervention group), and where research champions were not present (comparison group). RESULTS Patients in the intervention group were nearly six times more likely to be approached for research participation (Adj. OR=5.98; 95% CI 4.96 to 7.22). CONCLUSIONS Investing in staff that promote and drive research in clinical services increases opportunities for patients to hear about and engage in clinical research studies. However, investment needs to move beyond employing short-term staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherifat Oduola
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Til Wykes
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Dan Robotham
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Tom K J Craig
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
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Pinfold V, Cotney J, Hamilton S, Weeks C, Corker E, Evans-Lacko S, Rose D, Henderson C, Thornicroft G. Improving recruitment to healthcare research studies: clinician judgements explored for opting mental health service users out of the time to change viewpoint survey. J Ment Health 2017; 28:42-48. [DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2017.1340598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth Corker
- Health Services and Population Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Evans-Lacko
- Health Services and Population Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Diana Rose
- Health Services and Population Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Henderson
- Health Services and Population Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Graham Thornicroft
- Health Services and Population Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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Patel R, Oduola S, Callard F, Wykes T, Broadbent M, Stewart R, Craig TKJ, McGuire P. What proportion of patients with psychosis is willing to take part in research? A mental health electronic case register analysis. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e013113. [PMID: 28279995 PMCID: PMC5353309 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The proportion of people with mental health disorders who participate in clinical research studies is much smaller than for those with physical health disorders. It is sometimes assumed that this reflects an unwillingness to volunteer for mental health research studies. We examined this issue in a large sample of patients with psychosis. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Anonymised electronic mental health record data from the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM). PARTICIPANTS 5787 adults diagnosed with a psychotic disorder. EXPOSURE Whether approached prior to 1 September 2014 for consent to be approached about research participation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Number of days spent in a psychiatric hospital, whether admitted to hospital compulsorily, and total score on the Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS) between 1 September 2014 and 28 February 2015 with patient factors (age, gender, ethnicity, marital status and diagnosis) and treating clinical service as covariates. RESULTS 1187 patients (20.5% of the total sample) had been approached about research participation. Of those who were approached, 773 (65.1%) agreed to be contacted in future by researchers. Patients who had been approached had 2.3 fewer inpatient days (95% CI -4.4 to -0.3, p=0.03), were less likely to have had a compulsory admission (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.84, p=0.001) and had a better HoNOS score (β coefficient -0.9, 95% CI -1.5 to -0.4, p=0.001) than those who had not. Among patients who were approached, there was no significant difference in clinical outcomes between those agreed to research contact and those who did not. CONCLUSIONS About two-thirds of patients with psychotic disorders were willing to be contacted about participation in research. The patients who were approached had better clinical outcomes than those who were not, suggesting that clinicians were more likely to approach patients who were less unwell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Patel
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Biomedical Research Centre Nucleus, Mapother House, London, UK
| | - Sherifat Oduola
- King's College London, Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Biomedical Research Centre Nucleus, Mapother House, London, UK
| | - Felicity Callard
- Department of Geography and Centre for Medical Humanities, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Til Wykes
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Biomedical Research Centre Nucleus, Mapother House, London, UK
| | - Matthew Broadbent
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Biomedical Research Centre Nucleus, Mapother House, London, UK
| | - Robert Stewart
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Biomedical Research Centre Nucleus, Mapother House, London, UK
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Thomas K J Craig
- King's College London, Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Biomedical Research Centre Nucleus, Mapother House, London, UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Biomedical Research Centre Nucleus, Mapother House, London, UK
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Grill JD, Holbrook A, Pierce A, Hoang D, Gillen DL. Attitudes toward Potential Participant Registries. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 56:939-946. [PMID: 28106553 PMCID: PMC5533604 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Difficult participant recruitment is a consistent barrier to successful medical research. Potential participant registries represent an increasingly common intervention to overcome this barrier. A variety of models for registries exist, but few data are available to instruct their design and implementation. To provide such data, we surveyed 110 cognitively normal research participants enrolled in a longitudinal study of aging and dementia. Seventy-four (67%) individuals participated in the study. Most (78%, CI: 0.67, 0.87) participants were likely to enroll in a registry. Willingness to participate was reduced for registries that required enrollment through the Internet using a password (26%, CI: 0.16, 0.36) or through email (38%, CI: 0.27, 0.49). Respondents acknowledged their expectations that researchers share information about their health and risk for disease and their concerns that their data could be shared with for-profit companies. We found no difference in respondent preferences for registries that shared contact information with researchers, compared to honest broker models that take extra precautions to protect registrant confidentiality (28% versus 30%; p = 0.46). Compared to those preferring a shared information model, respondents who preferred the honest broker model or who lacked model preference voiced increased concerns about sharing registrant data, especially with for-profit organizations. These results suggest that the design of potential participant registries may impact the population enrolled, and hence the population that will eventually be enrolled in clinical studies. Investigators operating registries may need to offer particular assurances about data security to maximize registry enrollment but also must carefully manage participant expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Grill
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Holbrook
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Aimee Pierce
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Dan Hoang
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Daniel L. Gillen
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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McIntosh AM, Stewart R, John A, Smith DJ, Davis K, Sudlow C, Corvin A, Nicodemus KK, Kingdon D, Hassan L, Hotopf M, Lawrie SM, Russ TC, Geddes JR, Wolpert M, Wölbert E, Porteous DJ. Data science for mental health: a UK perspective on a global challenge. Lancet Psychiatry 2016; 3:993-998. [PMID: 27692269 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Data science uses computer science and statistics to extract new knowledge from high-dimensional datasets (ie, those with many different variables and data types). Mental health research, diagnosis, and treatment could benefit from data science that uses cohort studies, genomics, and routine health-care and administrative data. The UK is well placed to trial these approaches through robust NHS-linked data science projects, such as the UK Biobank, Generation Scotland, and the Clinical Record Interactive Search (CRIS) programme. Data science has great potential as a low-cost, high-return catalyst for improved mental health recognition, understanding, support, and outcomes. Lessons learnt from such studies could have global implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Robert Stewart
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ann John
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Daniel J Smith
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Katrina Davis
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Cathie Sudlow
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychosis Research Group, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kristin K Nicodemus
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Kingdon
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lamiece Hassan
- Health eResearch Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tom C Russ
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John R Geddes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford UK
| | - Miranda Wolpert
- Child Outcomes Research Consortium (CORC) and Evidence Based Practice Unit, University College London, and Anna Freud Centre, London, UK
| | | | - David J Porteous
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Robotham D, Waterman S, Oduola S, Papoulias C, Craig T, Wykes T. Facilitating mental health research for patients, clinicians and researchers: a mixed-method study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011127. [PMID: 27503859 PMCID: PMC4985796 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research registers using Consent for Contact (C4C) can facilitate recruitment into mental health research studies, allowing investigators to contact patients based on clinical records information. We investigated whether such a register was useful for mental health research, seeking the perspectives of patients and research investigators. SETTING AND DESIGN In 2012, a C4C register was developed in a large secondary mental health provider within the UK; almost 9000 patients have joined. This mixed-method study audited the effectiveness of the register. PARTICIPANTS A 'mystery shopper' exercise was conducted, and patients (n=21) were recruited to ask clinicians about the availability of research opportunities. Structured interviews were conducted with patients (n=52) about their experiences of being on the register. Similar interviews were conducted with 18 investigators from 19 studies, who had attempted to use the register to recruit participants. OUTCOME MEASURES The impact of C4C on study recruitment, and whether it helped patients learn about research. RESULTS So far, the register has provided 928 individuals with 1085 research opportunities (in 60% of cases, the individual agreed to participate in the study). Clinicians were willing to link patients to research opportunities, but often lacked information about studies. For patients, the register provided opportunities which they may not otherwise have; 27 of 52 had participated in studies since joining the register (18 participating for the first time). Most investigators used the register to supplement recruitment to their studies, but described problems in prescreening potential participants from a clinical record for complex studies. CONCLUSIONS Although the register helped investigators recruit for studies, and provided patients with research opportunities, clinicians' input is still useful for identifying suitable participants. C4C registers should be adapted to provide clinicians with automatically updated information on local studies allowing them to match patients on their caseload with active studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Robotham
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Waterman
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Oduola
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C Papoulias
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - T Craig
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - T Wykes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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10
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Consenting for contact? Linking electronic health records to a research register within psychosis services, a mixed method study. BMC Health Serv Res 2015; 15:199. [PMID: 25971412 PMCID: PMC4432971 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-015-0858-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research registers of potential participants linked to Electronic Health Records (EHRs) provide a basis for screening and identifying people suitable for studies. Such a system relies upon people joining the register and giving permission for their record to be used in this way. This study describes the process of training clinicians to explain EHR-linked research registers to service users, and to recruit them onto the register. Method Training materials were developed for clinicians to help them describe the register to service users. These materials were based upon findings from focus groups reported elsewhere, they were then tested with 31 clinicians in early intervention psychosis services and each clinician discussed the register with service users on their caseload (n = 100 service users). Consultations were recorded and analysed in relation to their coverage of the training criteria. Service users also provided data on the acceptability of the process from their perspective. The content of clinicians’ explanations to service users was described, and then compared against the likelihood of service users joining the register. Interpretive statistics (t-test and Chi-Squared) were used to explore differences between consultations in which service users agreed to join the register, and consultations where they did not agree to join. Results Service users appeared more likely to join the register if they felt control over what they signed up to, this necessitated understanding that they could decide when, how often, and by whom they were contacted, that joining the register did not automatically enlist them to future studies, and that they could change their mind in future. Clinicians’ explanations did not always include that researchers would be able to see the service users’ EHR. Service users often confused the idea of signing up to the register and signing up to studies themselves. Confidentiality was not well explained, but service users were not always concerned by confidentiality. Conclusion EHR-linked research registers provide recruitment opportunities, and help service users to find out about research. Implementing these registers within mental health settings requires a trained clinical workforce and an informed service user population.
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Robotham D, Evans J, Watson A, Perdue I, Craig T, Rose D, Wykes T. Linking a research register to clinical records in older adults' mental health services: a mixed-methods study. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2015; 7:15. [PMID: 25834643 PMCID: PMC4381414 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-015-0103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Patients can provide consent to have their clinical records linked to a research register, a process known as consent for contact (C4C). There is evidence about how to engage people with mental illness in C4C, but nothing specific to older adults. This is a priority area for research (for example, dementia trials), although sign-up rates to C4C are lower than for younger populations. Through this study we seek to understand these disparities. Methods This was a two-stage cross-sectional observational study. In phase one, focus groups with service users, carers and clinicians informed a framework for clinicians to explain C4C to those on their caseload. In phase two, clinicians explained C4C to 26 service users (and carers where applicable). These conversations were recorded, and their content was analysed. Service users and carers were then interviewed to provide further feedback on their conversations with clinicians. A total of 31 service users, 24 carers and 13 clinical staff took part across the two phases. Results In phase one, service users and carers sought assurance of the right to refuse participation in further studies (after joining C4C). Clinicians expressed concerns over legal and practical implications of ascertaining mental capacity and best interest. In phase two, clinicians’ explanations were less thorough than similar explanations given to younger adults with psychosis. Clinicians omitted details of service users’ right to stipulate contact arrangements, which was significantly associated with whether service users/carers agreed to join. Common reasons for joining C4C included altruism and the chance to speak to new people. Few participants refused to join, but reasons included avoidance of stress (potentially alleviated through the presence of a carer). Conclusions Implementing C4C in older adults’ services requires clinicians to deliver concise, simple explanations to individuals and their carers where applicable. Older adults can be suspicious of unsolicited contact; thus, explanations must emphasise freedom to negotiate suitable contact arrangements. Hearing about research opportunities can be in the best interests of older adults, but communicating these opportunities requires a tailored approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Robotham
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Henry Wellcome Building, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Joanne Evans
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Henry Wellcome Building, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Andrew Watson
- UCL, Institute of Neurology, 33 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Iain Perdue
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Henry Wellcome Building, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Thomas Craig
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Henry Wellcome Building, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Diana Rose
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Henry Wellcome Building, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Til Wykes
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Henry Wellcome Building, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
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Callard F, Broadbent M, Denis M, Hotopf M, Soncul M, Wykes T, Lovestone S, Stewart R. Developing a new model for patient recruitment in mental health services: a cohort study using Electronic Health Records. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e005654. [PMID: 25468503 PMCID: PMC4256538 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a new model for patient recruitment that harnessed the full potential of Electronic Health Records (EHRs). Gaining access to potential participants' health records to assess their eligibility for studies and allow an approach about participation ('consent for contact') is ethically, legally and technically challenging, given that medical data are usually restricted to the patient's clinical team. The research objective was to design a model for identification and recruitment to overcome some of these challenges as well as reduce the burdensome (and/or time consuming) gatekeeper role of clinicians in determining who is appropriate or not to participate in clinical research. SETTING Large secondary mental health services context, UK. PARTICIPANTS 2106 patients approached for 'consent for contact'. All patients in different services within the mental health trust are gradually and systematically being approached by a member of the clinical care team using the 'consent for contact' model. There are no exclusion criteria. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Provision of 'consent for contact'. RESULTS A new model (the South London and Maudsley NHS Trust Consent for Contact model (SLaM C4C)) for gaining patients' consent to contact them about research possibilities, which is built around a de-identified EHR database. The model allows researchers to contact potential participants directly. Of 2106 patients approached by 25 October 2013, nearly 3 of every 4 gave consent for contact (1560 patients; 74.1%). CONCLUSIONS The SLaM C4C model offers an effective way of expediting recruitment into health research through using EHRs. It reduces the gatekeeper function of clinicians; gives patients greater autonomy in decisions to participate in research; and accelerates the development of a culture of active research participation. More research is needed to assess how many of those giving consent for contact subsequently consent to participate in particular research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Callard
- Centre for Medical Humanities and Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Matthew Broadbent
- King's College London, SLaM Biomedical Research Centre Nucleus, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Mike Denis
- Oxford Academic Health Science Network (AHSN), Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Murat Soncul
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Til Wykes
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert Stewart
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
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