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Morar T, Robertson L. Smoking cessation among people with mental illness: A South African perspective. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2022; 64:e1-e9. [PMID: 36073100 PMCID: PMC9453116 DOI: 10.4102/safp.v64i1.5489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco use is recognised as a serious, worldwide public health concern. Smoking cessation is of great interest across a wide range of medical specialities, including family medicine. However, smoking cessation among people with mental illness (PWMI) has attracted scant attention in South African literature. This is despite PWMI suffering disproportionately from the damages of tobacco. The harms of smoking are not limited to physical health but extend to mental health. This article discusses the need for multifaceted smoking cessation treatments for PWMI in the public health sector, taking into consideration the prevalence and unique drivers of smoking in this population. A brief overview of patterns of tobacco use, associated harms and smoking cessation interventions in South Africa is given; all within the context of mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejil Morar
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
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Olando Y, Mathai M, Kuria M, Njiri F, Huffman M. Effect of a group tobacco cessation behavioral intervention
among patients with mental illness in Kenya: Results from a
controlled clinical trial. POPULATION MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.18332/popmed/152132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Timilsina JK, Bhatta B, Devkota A. Nicotine dependence and quitting stages of smokers in Nepal: A community based cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266661. [PMID: 35395045 PMCID: PMC8993023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nicotine dependence is an addiction to tobacco products caused by the chemical nicotine present in tobacco. 80% of premature deaths due to nicotine dependence come from low-and middle-income countries. Since most of the public health studies have focused solely on psychological and behavioral factors associated with tobacco smoking, this study aims to assess the nicotine dependence and stages of change of quitting smoking. METHODOLOGY A community based quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among 280 smokers aged 15-69 years in Bharatpur metropolitan, Nepal. A semi-structured and validated questionnaire was used during the face-to-face interviews. Nicotine dependence among participants was assessed using the six-item Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to assess the associations between variables at the significance level α = 0.05. RESULT In the study population, the mean score of FTND was 5.15 ± 2.34. 33.9% participants had a high level of nicotine dependence and nearly half of the participants felt difficulty to refrain smoking even in No-smoking areas. Almost three out of ten respondents were prepared for smoking cessation. It was found that age group 20-39 years were more likely to have nicotine dependence (AOR 3.308, 95% CI = 1.039-10.534), those who initiated smoking before age of 15 were associated with a greater risk of nicotine dependence (AOR 3.68, 95% CI = 1.826-7.446), participants spending more on tobacco products (more than Rs 2400 monthly) were associated with an increased risk of nicotine dependence (AOR 4.47, 95% CI = 2.225-8.991), those who initiated smoking due to mental stress were more likely to have nicotine addiction (AOR 2.522, 95% CI = 1.004-6.028), and those who had no thought of quitting smoking were more associated with nicotine dependence (AOR 4.935, 95% CI = 1.458-16.699). CONCLUSION Our study showed that high level of nicotine dependence is a major public health problem in low-and middle-income countries like Nepal. It also highlights that effective smoking cessation programs should be developed considering the level of nicotine dependence with more focus on early interventions of its associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaki Kumari Timilsina
- Bachelor of Public Health Program, School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Bimala Bhatta
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Amrit Devkota
- BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
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De Oliveira RM, Santos JLF, Furegato ARF. Nurses' beliefs, attitudes, and opinions regarding a smoking ban in a psychiatric hospital. Nursing 2022; 52:55-61. [PMID: 35358995 DOI: 10.1097/01.nurse.0000823292.67439.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to identify the beliefs, attitudes, and opinions of nursing professionals associated with tobacco smoking and its prohibition in a psychiatric hospital in Brazil. METHODS Using a cross-sectional epidemiologic study, a total of 73 nursing professionals in a smoke-free psychiatric hospital were interviewed. The Varimax Rotation and the Fisher's exact test at a 5% significance level were used to analyze the responses. FINDINGS Most nursing professionals reported observations of patients becoming calmer after smoking (n = 59, 80.8%) and tobacco withdrawal worsening patients' mental health symptoms, suggesting agreement among professionals that some psychiatric patients need to smoke tobacco. Most respondents stated that patients with mental health disorders have more difficulty with smoking cessation (79.4%) and are less interested in quitting smoking than those without disorders (95.9%). While one-third mentioned having used cigarettes as a reward or bribe, the majority (83.6%) was in favor of continuing the smoking ban, with more support observed from those working on a night shift and those who worked in the public psychiatric wards. Over 71% noted improvements in their health after the smoking ban. CONCLUSION The nursing professionals were surprised by the effectiveness of the smoking ban and highlighted the improvement in the hospital environment after its implementation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE As trusted healthcare professionals, nurses are essential in the fight against smoking and can contribute to awareness promotion, supporting patients during nicotine withdrawal, and decision-making processes for health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Marques De Oliveira
- Renata Marques de Oliveira is a professor at the Federal University of Minas Gerais in Brazil. At the University of São Paulo in Brazil, Jair Lício Ferreira Santos is a senior professor in the Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, and Antonia Regina Ferreira Furegato is a senior professor in the Nursing School of Ribeirão Preto
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Schnitzer K, AhnAllen C, Beck S, Oliveira Y, Fromson J, Evins A. Multidisciplinary barriers to addressing tobacco cessation during an inpatient psychiatric hospitalization. Addict Behav 2021; 120:106988. [PMID: 34051645 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco use and resultant health complications disproportionately impact individuals with psychiatric disorders. Inpatient psychiatric hospitalizations provide an opportunity to initiate tobacco treatment. In this study, electronic medical record review identified demographic and clinical information, smoking status, and tobacco cessation treatment offered for adults hospitalized on two acute, non-smoking psychiatric units in Massachusetts from January 2016 to March 2018. We additionally conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 inpatient nursing, psychiatry, psychology and social work providers regarding their tobacco cessation treatment practices and perceived facilitators and barriers to addressing tobacco use on psychiatric inpatient units. Chart review identified 1099 of 3140 (35%) people admitted reporting daily tobacco smoking. On discharge, 5 (0.005%) of inpatient smokers received a prescription for varenicline, 43 (0.04%) for dual-nicotine replacement therapy, 211 (19.2%) for nicotine patch, and 5 (0.005%) for bupropion. Barriers to inpatient smoking cessation treatment initiation identified in qualitative interviews included: 1) smoking cessation as low priority, 2) smoking cessation as the responsibility of outpatient providers, 3) lack of education about tobacco treatment, and 4) treatment discussions framed as preventing withdrawal. Given the potential to impact a large percentage of psychiatric tobacco users, future interventions should investigate provision of tobacco cessation counseling and pharmacotherapy in inpatient settings, with interventions that take into account the barriers and opportunities presented in this study.
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Cao N, Li X, Chen H, Li X, Li W. Decisional Balance of Smoking and Planning to Quit Smoking: A Moderated Mediation Model among Chinese Male Smokers. J Psychoactive Drugs 2021; 54:158-166. [PMID: 34423746 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2021.1942339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Decisional balance in quitting smoking involves positive and negative attitudes toward smoking. This study explored the relationship between the decisional balance of smoking and planning to quit smoking, and examined the mediating role of willingness to quit smoking and the moderating role of social support. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 326 daily male smokers from China in 2016, including the decisional balance of smoking, willingness to quit smoking, social support, planning to quit, and nicotine dependence. The results showed: (1) willingness to quit smoking mediated the relationship between the decisional balance of smoking and planning to quit smoking; (2) the relationship between the decisional balance of smoking and planning to quit smoking was moderated by emotional support rather than instrumental support. Smokers with a higher level of emotional support for quitting smoking were more likely to progress to planning to quit smoking, while this relationship was not found among smokers with a lower level of emotional support. These findings suggested that smokers' willingness to quit smoking would be key to promoting their planning to quit. Meanwhile, the dynamic process of planning to quit smoking was moderated by emotional support from others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningmeng Cao
- Department of Psychology, College of Education and Human Development, Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Department of Psychology, College of Education and Human Development, Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haide Chen
- Department of Psychology, College of Education and Human Development, Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Psychology, College of Education and Human Development, Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weijian Li
- Department of Psychology, College of Education and Human Development, Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
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Grappasonni I, Scuri S, Petrelli F, Nguyen CTT, Sibilio F, Di Canio M, Samad MA, Amenta F. Survey on smoking habits among seafarers. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2019; 90:489-497. [PMID: 31910174 PMCID: PMC7233783 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v90i4.9001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Populations living in stressful environments experience higher mortality from lung cancer and chronic diseases. Work-related stress was identified as important determinant of smoking together to health problems caused by a incorrect lifestyles. Aim of the work was to analyze tobacco smoking addiction in seafarers working on merchant ships. Only a few studies are available on this topic. METHODS The survey was conducted using an anonymous questionnaire. The total number of questionnaires filled-in was 1478, out of 2000 distributed (response rate 73.9 %). RESULTS About half of the sample (55.07%) has never smoked, the 28.96% is currently a smoker, while 15.97% of responders belong to the category of ex-smokers. Analysis of the number of cigarettes smoked every day based on the rank shows that captains and officers smoke more cigarettes than the crew members who smoke 10 cigarettes maximum per day. Analysis of the level of dependence among the smokers group by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) revealed that a 89.0% of sample has a low/very low dependence level, and only the 10.98% of the sample show a high/very high dependence. A further analysis of the results of FTND in the different age groups has shown that the 41-50 and 51-60 age groups have high dependence levels. CONCLUSIONS Working on board is associated to a high risk for chronic, lifestyle-related diseases, due also to lifestyle behaviours. This study suggests to further investigate the presence of other risk factors such as diet, physical exercise, combined with tobacco smoking, obesity. (www.actabiomedica.it).
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Prospective study of provided smoking cessation care in an inpatient psychiatric setting. J Psychosom Res 2018; 115:24-31. [PMID: 30470313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE People with mental health difficulties (MHD) are more likely to smoke and to have smoking-related diseases, yet little research has investigated the provision of smoking cessation care in psychiatric inpatient settings. This study aimed to evaluate current levels of cessation care provided, and 3-month quit-rates, in one such setting in Ireland. METHODS From January to October 2016, inpatients across all 8 adult wards of St Patrick's University Hospital were recruited to participate in a baseline face-to-face survey (N = 246), assessing demographic information, smoking history and quit attempts, motivation to quit, nicotine dependence, attitudes towards cessation advice and actual care received. For baseline current smokers (n = 84) who consented, casenotes were also audited for documentation of smoking status and cessation care (n = 77/84) while quit rates were assessed at three months (n = 72/84), including a carbon monoxide test for those who reported quitting. RESULTS Current smoking prevalence was 34% (n = 84/246). At baseline 75% of smokers wanted to quit and 48% reported they would like cessation advice while in hospital. Few reported receiving cessation advice from any healthcare professional in the past year (13%), while just 6% had smoking cessation care clearly documented in their casenotes. The 3-month quit-rate was 17%, with a 100% pass rate for those completing an objective CO validation test. CONCLUSION Despite a high current smoking prevalence among psychiatric inpatients, and similar motivation and quit rates to other populations, current cessation care rates are low. Smoking cessation care needs to be prioritised in psychiatric settings.
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PETRELLI F, SCURI S, TANZI E, NGUYỄN T, GRAPPASONNI I. Lifestyles and discomfort in a sample of young Romanian students. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2018; 59:E230-E235. [PMID: 30397680 PMCID: PMC6196370 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2018.59.3.985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The 40.3% of the Romanian youth population is at risk of poverty or social exclusion, and, in addition, the abuse of substances increases. It was interesting to evaluate the attitudes shared by pupils as well as their knowledge of these substances with a view to analyzing causes and types of risky behaviour in young people. METHODS This is an observational study on the harassment influence in the lifestyle of a sample of Craiova high-school students The Fagerström Test was applied to evaluate the degree of nicotine dependence, and the data processed to assess the Odds Ratio. RESULTS The sample was composed by 1,980 students with an average age of 17, of which 1,727 correctly responded to the questionnaire. The 37.4% of students admit to smoke, and the 67% to drink alcohol. The Fagerström test showed that the 68.2% of respondents are not highly addicted to smoke while the 31.8% was associated with a middle-to-high addiction level. A worrying weekly consumption of beer has been registered in the students. Regarding psychological distress caused by harassment a high Odds Ratio was recorded between the smokers and the drug users. CONCLUSIONS More than half of students did not know about the health consequences of smoking, and the same result was recorded about the consumption of alcohol. A special attention should be done to the understanding of harassment problem in the young people. In fact, almost all the respondents declared to have suffered abuse and admits to use drug and cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. PETRELLI
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Italy
| | - S. SCURI
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Italy
| | - E. TANZI
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Italy
| | - T.T.C. NGUYỄN
- Department of Pharmaceutical Administration and Economics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi city, Vietnam
| | - I. GRAPPASONNI
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Italy
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