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Wyunn KM, Than Wai ZZ, Ei Swe KE, Inthaphatha S, Nishino K, Yamamoto E. Factors associated with postpartum depression among Myanmar women in Yangon: A cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33425. [PMID: 39040339 PMCID: PMC11261082 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Postpartum depression (PPD) is non-psychotic depressive illness after childbirth, and PPD affects the health and social status of mothers and their children. This study aims to identify the prevalence of suspected PPD and associated factors among women in Yangon, Myanmar. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of 552 women at 6-8 weeks postpartum who visited at North Okkalapa General and Teaching Hospital for postnatal care from September to October 2022. Socio-demographic factors, obstetric and infant factors, family support, and medical history were collected using a structured questionnaire. Myanmar version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used for screening PPD, and all women were divided into suspected PPD (EPDS ≥10) and non-suspected PPD (EPDS <10). Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare the characteristics of women between suspected PPD and non-suspected PPD. Logistic regression analysis was preformed to identify the factors associated with suspected PPD. Results The mean age of the 552 women was 27.9 years and 176 women (31.9 %) were categorized into suspected PPD. Factors associated with suspected PPD were living in a nuclear family (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.04, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.10-3.77), feeling insufficient income (AOR = 2.15, 95 % CI 1.09-4.25), unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 2.76, 95 % CI 1.47-5.16), less than eight ANC visits (AOR = 3.29, 95 % CI 1.74-6.23), low birth weight of the last baby (AOR = 5.69, 95 % CI 1.17-27.71), insufficient support from partners (AOR = 11.28, 95 % CI 5.62-22.63), parents (AOR = 3.83, 95 % CI 2.08-7.04), and parents-in-law (AOR = 2.00, 95 % CI 1.06-3.76), and depressive symptoms during the last pregnancy (AOR = 3.08, 95 % CI 1.52-6.26). Conclusion The prevalence of suspected PPD was 31.9 % among 6-8-week postpartum women in Yangon. Strengthening maternal health programs and providing education about postpartum psychiatric problems is essential to improve maternal psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaung Myat Wyunn
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Health, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | | | - Khin Ei Ei Swe
- North Okkalapa General and Teaching Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Souphalak Inthaphatha
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Asian Satellite Campuses Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Nishino
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eiko Yamamoto
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Ariasih A, Besral, Budiharsana M, Ronoatmodjo S. Common Mental Disorders and Associated Factors During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period in Indonesia: An Analysis of Data From the 2018 Basic Health Research. J Prev Med Public Health 2024; 57:388-398. [PMID: 38938048 PMCID: PMC11309836 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.24.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A substantial proportion of women experience mental health challenges during pregnancy or the postpartum period. Common mental disorders (CMDs), including depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, are prevalent. Identifying causes and associated risk factors is imperative for early intervention and the prevention of mental health issues. METHODS This study utilized data from the 2018 Basic Health Research, which was conducted nationwide in Indonesia, using a crosssectional approach. We focused on women aged 13-49 years who were currently or previously married, and had experienced pregnancy, including 8889 pregnant women and 77 012 women who had delivered between January 1, 2013 and August 31, 2018. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 was employed to assess CMDs. Multivariate logistic regression was performed. RESULTS The prevalence of CMDs in pregnant women was 12.6%, while postpartum mothers exhibited a prevalence of 10.1%. Poor health status displayed the strongest impact on CMDs during both pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 12.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.01 to 16.60) and the postpartum period (aOR, 16.72; 95% CI, 14.85 to 18.82). Additional significant factors for both group include young maternal age, lack of education, unemployment, history of hypertension, and smoking status. Among pregnant women, CMDs was also associated with first-trimester pregnancy, previous pregnancy complications, and small upper arm circumference. For postpartum mothers, significant factors include living in rural areas, history of abortion, unwanted pregnancy, pregnancy complications, lack of antenatal care, spontaneous delivery, postpartum complications and contraceptive use. CONCLUSIONS CMDs can impact in pregnant and postpartum women. Early diagnosis and management must be seamlessly integrated into primary healthcare practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arum Ariasih
- Doctoral Student of Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Besral
- Departement of Biostatistics and Population Studies, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Meiwita Budiharsana
- Departement of Biostatistics and Population Studies, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Sudarto Ronoatmodjo
- Departement of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
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Heer K, Mahmoud L, Abdelmeguid H, Selvan K, Malvankar-Mehta MS. Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Interventions of Postpartum Depression in Refugees and Asylum-Seeking Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2024; 89:11-21. [PMID: 38219724 PMCID: PMC10871679 DOI: 10.1159/000535719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Refugee women are at an increased risk of developing postpartum depression (PPD) due to a combination of various psychosocial stressors. This systematic review aimed to outline the prevalence of PPD among refugee women and explore related risk factors and interventions currently in practice. METHODS A search was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Core Collection (Web of Science) for articles published until August 2022, yielding 1,678 records. RESULTS The prevalence of refugee and asylum-seeking women was 22.5% (n = 657/2,922), while the prevalence of non-refugee/asylum-seeking women with PPD was 17.5% (n = 400/2,285). Refugee/asylum-seeking women face a unique set of issues such as domestic abuse, separation and lack of support, stress, pre-migrational experiences, prior history of mental illness, low income, and discrimination. Refugee/asylum-seeking women may benefit from support groups, individual support, self-coping mechanisms, and familial support. CONCLUSION This review identifies that a higher prevalence of PPD in refugee and asylum-seeking women compared to other groups can potentially be attributed to the unique risk factors they face. This warrants the need for further research as studies on interventions for this condition are limited among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karnvir Heer
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- RefuHope, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lujayn Mahmoud
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- RefuHope, London, ON, Canada
| | - Hana Abdelmeguid
- RefuHope, London, ON, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kavin Selvan
- RefuHope, London, ON, Canada
- Genetics and Genome Biology (GGB) Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Monali S. Malvankar-Mehta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Pillai L, Srivastava S, Ajin A, Rana SS, Mathkor DM, Haque S, M Tambuwala M, Ahmad F. Etiology and incidence of postpartum depression among birthing women in the scenario of pandemics, geopolitical conflicts and natural disasters: a systematic review. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2023; 44:2278016. [PMID: 38050938 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2023.2278016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is classified under postpartum psychiatric disorders and initiates soon after birthing, eliciting neuropsychological and behavioral deficits in mothers and offspring. Globally, PPD is estimated to be associated with 130-190 per 1000 birthing. The severity and incidences of PPD have aggravated in the recent years due to the several unfavorable environmental and geopolitical circumstances. The purpose of this systematic review hence is to explore the contributions of recent circumstances on the pathogenesis and incidence of PPD. The search, selection and retrieval of the articles published during the last three years were systematically performed. The results from the primary studies indicate that unfavorable contemporary socio-geopolitical and environmental circumstances (e.g. Covid-19 pandemic, political conflicts/wars, and natural calamities; such as floods and earthquakes) detrimentally affect PPD etiology. A combination of socio-economic and psychological factors, including perceived lack of support and anxiousness about the future may contribute to drastic aggravation of PPD incidences. Finally, we outline some of the potential treatment regimens (e.g. inter-personal psycho- and art-based therapies) that may prove to be effective in amelioration of PPD-linked symptoms in birthing women, either alone or in complementation with traditional pharmacological interventions. We propose these psychological and art-based intervention strategies may beneficially counteract the negative influences of the unfortunate recent events across multiple cultures, societies and geographical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Pillai
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Shayna Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Akhil Ajin
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Sandeep Singh Rana
- Department of Biosciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Darin Mansor Mathkor
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln, UK
| | - Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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Nyikavaranda P, Pantelic M, Jones CJ, Paudyal P, Tunks A, Llewellyn CD. Barriers and facilitators to seeking and accessing mental health support in primary care and the community among female migrants in Europe: a "feminisms" systematic review. Int J Equity Health 2023; 22:196. [PMID: 37752502 PMCID: PMC10523615 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-023-01990-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent years have seen record levels of migration to Europe. Female migrants are at heightened risk of developing mental health disorders, yet they face barriers to accessing mental health services in their host countries. This systematic review aims to summarise the barriers and facilitators to accessing mental health support for female migrants in Europe. METHODS The review follows PRISMA guidelines, and the protocol was pre-published on PROSPERO. Six electronic databases were searched: CINAHL, Global Health Database, Medline, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Thematic analysis was undertaken on the identified studies. A feminist quality appraisal tool was applied. RESULTS Eight qualitative, six quantitative and five mixed methods studies were identified. Barriers included a lack of information, stigma, religious and cultural practices and beliefs, and a lack of consideration of gender-specific needs within the health system. Gender-sensitive services, supportive general practitioners and religious leaders facilitated access. CONCLUSIONS The design of mental health research, services, policies, and commissioning of support for migrants must consider female migrant needs. Mental health support services must be culturally aware and gender sensitive. REGISTRATION The review protocol was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, registration number CRD42021235571.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Nyikavaranda
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Watson Building, Room 104, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9PH, UK.
| | - Marija Pantelic
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Watson Building, Room 104, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Christina J Jones
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK
| | - Priyamvada Paudyal
- Institute for Global Health and Wellbeing School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5GB, UK
| | - Alice Tunks
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Watson Building, Room 104, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Carrie D Llewellyn
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Watson Building, Room 104, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9PH, UK
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Hong SA, Buntup D. Maternal Depression during Pregnancy and Postpartum Period among the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Countries: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5023. [PMID: 36981932 PMCID: PMC10049420 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Identification of mothers with depression is important because untreated perinatal depression can have both short- and long-term consequences for the mother, the child, and the family. This review attempts to identify the prevalence of antenatal and postnatal depression (AD and PD, respectively) of mothers among the ASEAN member countries. A literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and the Asian Citation Index. The reviews covered publications in peer-reviewed journals written in the English language between January 2010 and December 2020. Of the 280 articles identified, a total of 37 peer-reviewed articles conducted in 8 out of 11 ASEAN member countries were included. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was the most common instrument used to identify depression. This study showed the number of studies reporting the prevalence of AD was 18 in five countries. For PD, 24 studies in eight countries were included. The prevalence of AD ranged from 4.9% to 46.8%, and that of PD ranged from 4.4% to 57.7%. This first review among ASEAN countries showed very few studies conducted in lower-middle-income and substantial heterogeneity in prevalence among studies reviewed. Further research should be conducted to estimate the prevalence using a large representative sample with a validated assessment tool among the ASEAN countries.
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Orsolini L, Pompili S, Mauro A, Volpe U. Foreign Nationality, Family Psychiatry History and Pregestational Neoplastic Disease as Predictors of Perinatal Depression in a Cohort of Healthy Pregnant and Puerperal Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:428. [PMID: 36767003 PMCID: PMC9914901 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11030428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Perinatal depression (PND) represents one of the most common mental disorders in the pregnancy and/or postpartum period, with a 5-25% prevalence rate. Our aim was to investigate predictors associated with PND in a cohort of pregnant and puerperal women based in an Italian setting during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We retrospectively recruited 199 (55 pregnant and 144 puerperal) women, afferent to our Perinatal Mental Outpatient Service of Ancona (Italy). Participants were administered an ad hoc case-report form, Whooley Questions (WQ), the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), the Stress Holmes-Rahe scale (HR) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Results: Around 10% of the sample had a confirmed PND. Being a foreigner woman (RR = 3.8), having a positive psychiatric family history (RR = 5.3), a pre-pregnancy medical comorbidity (RR = 1.85) and a comorbid medical illness occurring during the pregnancy (RR = 2) were much likely associated with PND. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that GHQ, medium- and high-risk at the HR, foreign nationality, positive family psychiatric history, and neoplastic disease before conception significantly predicted EPDS [F(1, 197) = 10.086, R2 = 0.324, p < 0.001]. Limitations: The sample size, poor heterogeneity in terms of socio-demographic, clinical and gynecological-obstetric characteristics, the cross-sectional design of the study. Conclusions: Our study showed a set of predictors associated with a higher risk for the PND onset, including gestational and pregestational medical disease. Our findings outline the need to screen all fertile women, particularly in gynecological and medical settings, in order to identify at-risk women for PND and promptly suggest a psychiatric consultation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Umberto Volpe
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences/DIMSC, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
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Examining the Linkage Between Social Support and Gender-Based Violence Among Women and Girls in Humanitarian Settings: a Systematic Review of the Evidence. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40471-022-00310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ashley-Norman T, Fellmeth G, Brummaier T, Nosten S, Oo MM, Phichitpadungtham Y, Wai K, Khirikoekkong N, Plugge E, McGready R. Persistent depression in pregnant refugee and migrant women living along the Thai-Myanmar Border: a secondary qualitative analysis. Wellcome Open Res 2022. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17744.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antepartum depression affects around 15% of pregnant women worldwide, and may negatively impact their infants' physical, cognitive and social development, and confer a greater risk of emotional dysregulation in their children. Risk factors for antepartum depression disproportionately affect women from resource-sparse settings. In particular, pregnant refugee and migrant women face many barriers to diagnosis and care of mental health conditions, yet this group is under-represented in the literature. This study explores what refugee and migrant women living along the Thai-Myanmar border perceive as being contributory and protective factors to their antepartum depression, through secondary qualitative analysis of responses to clinical interviews for depression. Methods Previous research investigating perinatal depression in pregnant refugee and migrant women on the Thai-Myanmar border involved assessing 568 women for depression, using the Structured Clinical Interview for the diagnosis of DSM-IV Disorders (SCID). This study analyses a subsample of 32 women, diagnosed with persistent depression during the antepartum period. Thematic analysis of responses to the SCID and social and demographic surveys was undertaken to investigate factors which contribute towards, or protect against, persistent antepartum depression. Results Major themes which women described as contributing towards persistent antepartum depression were financial problems, interpersonal violence, substance misuse among partners, social problems and poor health. Factors women considered as protecting mental wellbeing included social support, accessible healthcare and distractions, highlighting the need for focus on these elements within refugee and migrant settings. Commonly expressed phrases in local Karen and Burmese languages were summarised. Conclusions Knowledge of factors affecting mental wellbeing in the study population and how these are phrased, may equip stakeholders to better support women in the study area. This study highlighted the limitations of contextually generic diagnostic tools, and recommends the development of tools better suited to marginalised and non-English speaking groups.
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Dosani A, Yim IS, Shaikh K, Lalani S, Alcantara J, Letourneau N, Premji SS. Psychometric analysis of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire in Pakistani pregnant women. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 72:103066. [PMID: 35334284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Scale (PRAQ) are frequently used perinatal mental health scales. OBJECTIVE To identify the factor structure of the Urdu language versions of EPDS and PRAQ in 280 Pakistani pregnant women. METHOD The tools were administered at 12-19 weeks' and 22-29 weeks' gestational age (GA). Exploratory factor analyses were undertaken on data collected at 12-19 weeks' GA, to assess both scales. Results obtained at the second time point were used to examine test-retest reliability. The correlation between the scales was computed. RESULTS A two-factor model yielded the best fit for both scales, which is consistent with findings from previous studies. For the EPDS, acceptable reliability was attained for the overall score (α = 0.77) and for the factor related to depressive symptoms (α = 0.73), but not for the factor related to anhedonia/suicide (α = 0.64). For the PRAQ, acceptable reliability was attained for the overall score (α = 0.83) and for the factor related to pregnancy concerns (α = 0.84), but not for the factor related to childbirth (α = 0.64). Test-retest reliability was acceptable for both overall scales EPDS: r = 0.50; PRAQ: r = 0.45; both p < .001). The Pearson correlation between the EPDS and PRAQ were r = 0.145, p < .05. CONCLUSION Analysis of the tools confirmed a two-factor structure for both depression and anxiety among Pakistani pregnant women. A weak correlation was found between the EPDS and PRAQ. Further research is required to develop screening instruments for perinatal mental disorders that are applicable to cultural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyah Dosani
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mount Royal University, 4825 Mount Royal Gate S.W., Calgary, Alberta, T3E 6K6 Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, 3D10, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6 Canada; O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, 3rd Floor TRW Building, 3280 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6 Canada.
| | - Ilona S Yim
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, 4562 Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kiran Shaikh
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P/O Box 3500, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Sharifa Lalani
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P/O Box 3500, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Jade Alcantara
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mount Royal University, 4825 Mount Royal Gate S.W., Calgary, Alberta, T3E 6K6 Canada
| | - Nicole Letourneau
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, 3D10, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6 Canada; Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4 Canada; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta,T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Shahirose S Premji
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, York University, Health, Nursing & Environmental Studies Building, Room 313, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
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Markey K, Noonan M, Doody O, Tuohy T, Daly T, Regan C, O’Donnell C. Fostering Collective Approaches in Supporting Perinatal Mental Healthcare Access for Migrant Women: A Participatory Health Research Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031124. [PMID: 35162147 PMCID: PMC8834132 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal mental health is a growing public health concern. The mounting evidence examining the prevalence of perinatal mental illness identifies specific vulnerabilities and risk factors among migrant women. We know that migrant women experience persistent and systematic barriers in accessing healthcare and that healthcare services do not always respond appropriately to migrant women's needs, highlighting the need for targeted interventions in supporting positive perinatal mental health among migrant women. The purpose of this participatory health research study was to explore perinatal mental healthcare for migrant women in Ireland, from the perspectives of a diverse range of stakeholders (healthcare service providers, community organisations/networks/associations and migrant women). A key focus of this study was to collaboratively explore solution-focused approaches to improving access to supports and healthcare services for migrant women experiencing perinatal mental illness. Following ethical approval, data were collected during three key convenings, utilising the design principles of world café philosophies. Thematic analysis led to the generation of the following two themes: Building Capability and Capacity and Empowering Migrant Women. The main conclusions lie in the provision of whole-system approaches in collectively, collaboratively and proactively planning strategies that address the many factors that affect access to healthcare services for migrant women experiencing perinatal mental illness. Drawing on the collective perspectives of a wide range of stakeholders, our innovative solution focused on providing recommendations aimed at strengthening supports and healthcare services for migrant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Markey
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (M.N.); (O.D.); (T.T.); (C.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Noonan
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (M.N.); (O.D.); (T.T.); (C.O.)
| | - Owen Doody
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (M.N.); (O.D.); (T.T.); (C.O.)
| | - Teresa Tuohy
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (M.N.); (O.D.); (T.T.); (C.O.)
| | - Tony Daly
- 80:20 Educating and Acting for a Better World, St. Cronan’s National School, A98 NW42 Wicklow, Ireland; (T.D.); (C.R.)
| | - Ciara Regan
- 80:20 Educating and Acting for a Better World, St. Cronan’s National School, A98 NW42 Wicklow, Ireland; (T.D.); (C.R.)
| | - Claire O’Donnell
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (M.N.); (O.D.); (T.T.); (C.O.)
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Service User and Service Provider Perceptions of Enablers and Barriers for Refugee and Asylum-Seeking Women Accessing and Engaging with Perinatal Mental Health Care Services in the WHO European Region: A Scoping Review Protocol. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020937. [PMID: 35055761 PMCID: PMC8775706 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a need to understand the specific perinatal mental health care needs of migrant subgroups who often have differing health care needs and specific barriers to accessing and engaging with health care services. It is important to have evidence about the WHO European context given the rising numbers of refugees and asylum seekers in the region. The aim of this scoping review is to map the factors that enable and prevent access and engagement of refugee and asylum-seeking women with perinatal mental health care services in the WHO European Region, from the perspectives of service providers and service users. The database search will include PsycINFO, Cochrane, Web of Science, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL complete, Scopus, Academic Search Complete, and Maternity and Infant Care (OVID). Search results will be exported to an online tool that provides a platform to help manage the review process, including title, abstract, and full-text screening and voting by reviewers independently. Data concerning access and engagement with health care services will be mapped on to the candidacy framework. Systematically searching evidence within the WHO European region and examining this evidence through the candidacy lens will help develop a more comprehensive and a deeper conceptual understanding of the barriers and levers of access and engagement with perinatal mental health care services, whilst identifying gaps in existing evidence. Exploring factors that influence access and engagement for refugee and asylum-seeking women from the perspective of key stakeholders in the service provision and/or service utilisation of perinatal mental health care services will add a more comprehensive understanding of the recursive relationship between service provision and use.
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13
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Myo T, Hong SA, Thepthien BO, Hongkrailert N. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Postpartum Depression in Primary Healthcare Centres in Yangon, Myanmar. Malays J Med Sci 2021; 28:71-86. [PMID: 34512132 PMCID: PMC8407790 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2021.28.4.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postpartum depression (PPD) can have serious consequences on both the mother and infant. Despite the higher prevalence, there are limited numbers of studies on PPD in low-and middle-income countries, like Myanmar. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and associated factors of PPD in primary healthcare settings in Myanmar. Methods This cross-sectional online study was conducted with 220 mothers under 6 months postpartum in April–May 2020 and who registered in public health centres in Kungyangone Township, Yangon, Myanmar. The postpartum depression was measured with the Edinburgh postpartum depression scale (EPDS, ≥ 13 scores). Independent variables included sociodemographic factors, obstetric and infant factors, psychosocial factors (social support and social media usage), health services utilisation and accessibility factors. Chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression were performed. Results Overall prevalence of depressive symptoms in 220 women under 6 months postpartum was 31.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 25.9, 37.3). In multiple logistic regression, unplanned pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.946), less than four times antenatal care (ANC) visits (AOR: 2.518), travel time more than 1 h to reach health centres (AOR: 3.068) and birth interval more than 5 years (AOR: 4.594) were more likely to be associated with PPD, while preterm delivery (AOR: 0.091) was inversely associated. Conclusion This study showed the relatively high prevalence of PPD and the strong association with preterm delivery, pregnancy intention, breastfeeding status, birth interval as well as frequency of ANC received and travel time to health centre. It may suggest that maternal mental health services should be integrated with existing maternal and child health (MCH) services for early detection and prevention of depression symptoms with promotion of MCH services utilisation and improved accessibility among mothers in primary healthcare setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theigi Myo
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Seo Ah Hong
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Bang-On Thepthien
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Nate Hongkrailert
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Fellmeth G, Nosten S, Khirikoekkong N, Oo MM, Gilder ME, Plugge E, Fazel M, Fitzpatrick R, McGready R. Suicidal ideation in the perinatal period: findings from the Thailand-Myanmar border. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021; 44:e514-e518. [PMID: 34343323 PMCID: PMC9715289 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdab297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a leading cause of maternal death globally. Migrant and refugee populations may experience higher risk of suicide. We report data on suicidal ideation from migrant and refugee women living on the Thailand-Myanmar border. METHODS Women were recruited in their first trimester of pregnancy. Depression status was assessed by diagnostic interview in the first, second and third trimesters and at 1 month post-partum. We calculated prevalence of suicidal ideation and used logistic regression to identify associated socio-demographic factors. RESULTS During the perinatal period, 5.3% (30/568) women experienced suicidal ideation. Refugee women were more likely to experience suicidal ideation than migrant women (8.0 versus 3.1%; P = 0.01). Most women with suicidal ideation did not have severe depression. Previous trauma (OR 2.32; 95% CI: 1.70-3.15) and unplanned pregnancy (OR 2.74; 95% CI: 1.10-6.86) were significantly associated with suicidal ideation after controlling for all other variables. CONCLUSIONS Suicidal ideation represents an important symptom among migrant and refugee women on the Thailand-Myanmar border. Screening only those with severe depression may be insufficient to identify women at risk of suicide. Community-level interventions addressing social and gender inequalities and prioritization of family planning programmes are needed alongside targeted suicide prevention initiatives to help lower the rates of people dying by suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fellmeth
- Address correspondence to Gracia Fellmeth, E-mail:
| | - S Nosten
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - N Khirikoekkong
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - M M Oo
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - M E Gilder
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - E Plugge
- Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - M Fazel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R Fitzpatrick
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R McGready
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mae Sot, Thailand,Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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15
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Meinhart M, Seff I, Troy K, McNelly S, Vahedi L, Poulton C, Stark L. Identifying the Impact of Intimate Partner Violence in Humanitarian Settings: Using an Ecological Framework to Review 15 Years of Evidence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6963. [PMID: 34209746 PMCID: PMC8297014 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive form of gender-based violence that exacerbates in humanitarian settings. This systematic review examined the myriad IPV impacts and the quality of existing evidence of IPV in humanitarian settings. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) procedures, a total of 51 articles were included from the 3924 screened. We identified the impact of IPV across two levels of the ecological framework: individual and microsystem. Our findings corroborated previous evidence that indicated IPV to be associated with adverse physical and mental health for survivors. Our findings also uniquely synthesized the intergenerational impact of IPV in humanitarian settings. However, findings highlighted a glaring gap in evidence examining the non-health impact of IPV for survivors in humanitarian settings and across levels of the ecological framework. Without enhanced research of women and girls and the violence they experience, humanitarian responses will continue to underachieve, and the needs of women and girls will continue to be relegated as secondary interests. Investment should prioritize addressing the range of both health and non-health impacts of IPV among individuals, families, and communities, as well as consider how the humanitarian environment influences these linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Meinhart
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, in St. Louis 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; (M.M.); (I.S.); (K.T.); (S.M.); (L.V.)
| | - Ilana Seff
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, in St. Louis 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; (M.M.); (I.S.); (K.T.); (S.M.); (L.V.)
| | - Katrina Troy
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, in St. Louis 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; (M.M.); (I.S.); (K.T.); (S.M.); (L.V.)
| | - Samantha McNelly
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, in St. Louis 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; (M.M.); (I.S.); (K.T.); (S.M.); (L.V.)
| | - Luissa Vahedi
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, in St. Louis 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; (M.M.); (I.S.); (K.T.); (S.M.); (L.V.)
| | | | - Lindsay Stark
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, in St. Louis 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; (M.M.); (I.S.); (K.T.); (S.M.); (L.V.)
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Fellmeth G, Plugge E, Fazel M, Nosten S, Oo MM, Pimanpanarak M, Phichitpadungtham Y, Fitzpatrick R, McGready R. Perinatal depression in migrant and refugee women on the Thai-Myanmar border: does social support matter? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200030. [PMID: 33938275 PMCID: PMC8090811 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Migrant and refugee women are at risk of perinatal depression due to stressors experienced before, during and after migration. This study assesses the associations between social support and perinatal depression among migrant and refugee women on the Thai-Myanmar border. We conducted a cohort study of pregnant and post-partum women. Depression status was assessed using a structured clinical interview. Received support, perceived support and partner support were measured in the third trimester. Logistic regression was used to calculate associations between social support measures and perinatal depression controlling for demographic, socio-economic, migration, obstetric and psychosocial factors. Four hundred and fifty-one women (233 migrants; 218 refugees) were included. The prevalence of perinatal depression was 38.6% in migrants and 47.3% in refugees. Migrants had higher levels of received, perceived and partner support than refugees. After controlling for all other variables, higher levels of received support remained significantly associated with a lower likelihood of perinatal depression in migrants (adjusted odds ratio 0.82; 95% CI 0.68-0.99). In both groups, depression history and trauma were strongly associated with perinatal depression. Our study highlights the importance of received social support to perinatal depression in migrant women on the Thailand-Myanmar border. The perinatal period offers a valuable opportunity to ask women about their support and offer community-level or public policy interventions to nurture support networks in current locations and resettlement destinations. This article is part of the theme issue 'Multidisciplinary perspectives on social support and maternal-child health'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracia Fellmeth
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7LT, UK
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, 68/30 Bantung Road, PO Box 46, Mae Sot, Tak 63110, Thailand
| | - Emma Plugge
- Health and Justice Team, Health Improvement Directorate, Public Health England, 60 Caversham Road, Reading RG1 7EB, UK
| | - Mina Fazel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Suphak Nosten
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, 68/30 Bantung Road, PO Box 46, Mae Sot, Tak 63110, Thailand
| | - May May Oo
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, 68/30 Bantung Road, PO Box 46, Mae Sot, Tak 63110, Thailand
| | - Mupawjay Pimanpanarak
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, 68/30 Bantung Road, PO Box 46, Mae Sot, Tak 63110, Thailand
| | - Yuwapha Phichitpadungtham
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, 68/30 Bantung Road, PO Box 46, Mae Sot, Tak 63110, Thailand
| | - Raymond Fitzpatrick
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7LT, UK
| | - Rose McGready
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, 68/30 Bantung Road, PO Box 46, Mae Sot, Tak 63110, Thailand
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Kazemi A, Ghaedrahmati M, Kheirabadi G. Partner's emotional reaction to pregnancy mediates the relationship between pregnancy planning and prenatal mental health. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:168. [PMID: 33639876 PMCID: PMC7913387 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03644-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An unplanned pregnancy may be followed by increased depression and anxiety. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the mediating role of partner’s emotional reaction to pregnancy (PERP) on the relationship between pregnancy planning and prenatal mental health. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 303 healthy Iranian pregnant women during their third trimester. The levels of depression and anxiety were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The PERP score was also measured using a researcher-made questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the plug-in application PROCESS macro. Results The results showed that PERP score was reversely related to pregnancy planning and prenatal depression and anxiety. The direct effect of the pregnancy planning on depression (c = −.05) and anxiety levels (c = −.02) were not significant; but the indirect effect of pregnancy planning on depression (Point Estimate = −.379, CI: −.523 to −.250) and anxiety levels (Point Estimate = −.560, CI: −.741 to −.385) with the mediating role of PERP were significant. Conclusions The results indicated that the effect of pregnancy planning on prenatal mental health is mediated by PERP, and in unplanned pregnancy women need to receive positive reaction of their partners toward pregnancy so that they can preserve their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Kazemi
- Reproductive Health Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezarjerib Av., Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Ghaedrahmati
- Reproductive Health Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Kheirabadi
- Behavioral Sciences Research center, Department of psychiatry, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Dosani A, Arora H, Mazmudar S. mHealth and Perinatal Depression in Low-and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review of the Literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207679. [PMID: 33096738 PMCID: PMC7589927 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Women in low- and middle-income countries have high rates of perinatal depression. As smartphones become increasingly accessible around the world, there is an opportunity to explore innovative mHealth tools for the prevention, screening, and management of perinatal depression. We completed a scoping review of the literature pertaining to the use of mobile phone technologies for perinatal depression in low-and middle-income countries. PubMed CINHAL, and Google Scholar databases were searched, generating 423 results. 12 articles met our inclusion criteria. Two of the 12 articles reviewed mobile phone applications. The remaining 9 articles were study protocols or descriptive/intervention studies. Our results reveal that minimal literature is currently available on the use of mobile health for perinatal depression in low- and middle-income countries. We found four articles that present the results of an intervention that were delivered through mobile phones for the treatment of perinatal depressive symptoms and an additional qualitative study describing the perceptions of mothers receiving cognitive behavioral therapy via telephones. These studies demonstrated that depressive symptoms improved after the interventions. There is potential to improve the quality of mHealth interventions, specifically mobile phone applications for perinatal depressive symptoms and depression, through meaningful collaborative work between healthcare professionals and application developers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyah Dosani
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Community and Education, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Harshmeet Arora
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (H.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Sahil Mazmudar
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (H.A.); (S.M.)
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