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Karaağaç M, İmre O. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Symptom Severity in Social Anxiety Disorder: The Role of Emotion Regulation. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024:8862605241285409. [PMID: 39329305 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241285409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the relationship was examined of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with difficulties in emotion regulation and symptom severity in individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD). The study included 71 patients diagnosed with SAD and a healthy control group of 73 subjects. Data for all the participants were collected using a sociodemographic data form, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, the Adverse Childhood Experiences-Turkish Form scale, and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-16. The study results showed a higher probability of ACEs and difficulties in emotion regulation in the SAD group than in the control group. The difficulties in emotion regulation in the SAD group were correlated with symptom severity and these difficulties were found to play a mediating role between trauma and symptom severity. It was emphasized that emotion regulation skills were an important factor in the treatment of SAD patients. It can be suggested that therapies and interventions to develop emotion regulation skills could be effective in the management of SAD symptoms. It was thus concluded that ACEs and difficulties in emotion regulation are associated with SAD symptoms and should be taken into consideration in treatment. This study emphasizes the importance of emotion regulation skills for SAD treatment and can be considered to be of guidance for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Okan İmre
- Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
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Quronfulah BS, Alzahrani RS, Kattan ET, Tamim HM, Alharbi TH, Alghamdi MM, Badawoud AM. The prevalence of using beta-blockers and its relationship with social anxiety among health profession students at Umm Al-Qura University. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307163. [PMID: 39137224 PMCID: PMC11321580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by excessive fear of scrutiny in social situations. Health students are more susceptible to SAD due to academic demands. They may resort to self-medication, particularly beta-blockers (BBs) for managing physical symptoms of SAD. The study aims to investigate the prevalence of beta-blocker use and its relationship with social anxiety disorder among health students at Umm Al-Qura University. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 461 undergraduate health students participated in a questionnaire with 30 questions divided into three sections: The Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), BBs usage behavior questionnaire, and demographic characteristics. RESULTS The study found 56.2% had SAD. A total of 7.8% of the sample reported using BBs, and no significant correlation was found between the usage of BBs and the SAD score (P = 0.085). CONCLUSION The study revealed significant relationships between the presence of SAD with gender, history of mental conditions, and correlation between the use of BBs with history of mental conditions. Although BBs usage is low among health students, the prevalence of SAD is alarming. The results could raise awareness about the need for early detection of SAD among health students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baraa Sami Quronfulah
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruyuf Saleh Alzahrani
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtesam Tariq Kattan
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Mamun Tamim
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taif Hazzaa Alharbi
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariyyah Mohammed Alghamdi
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Mohammad Badawoud
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alnemr L, Salama AH, Abdelrazek S, Alfakeer H, Ali Alkhateeb M, Torun P. Prevalence of social anxiety disorder and its associated factors among foreign-born undergraduate students in Türkiye: A cross-sectional study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003184. [PMID: 39078858 PMCID: PMC11288422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is prevalent among university students, yet data on its severity among foreign-born international undergraduate students in Türkiye remains limited. This study aims to determine the prevalence of SAD and its associated factors within this population. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a Google Form survey distributed across various universities from September 17, 2023, to February 1, 2024. The survey comprised two sections: sociodemographic information and 17 items of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), which measures the frequency and intensity of social anxiety symptoms. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and inferential analysis, multiple regression, and binomial logistic regression. Out of 506 participants, 455 were included in the study. Results revealed that 39.1% exhibited no or very mild symptoms of SAD, while 23.7% experienced mild symptoms, 21.3% faced moderate symptoms, and 11.6% and 4.2% presented with severe to very severe symptoms, respectively. Factors such as gender (p < 0.0001), previous academic failures (p = 0.013), family history of mental health issues (p = 0.009), exercise frequency (p < 0.0001), and perceptions of relationships with classmates (p < 0.0001) were significantly associated with SAD. Females showed a higher probability of SAD compared to males (OR = 1.976). Individuals engaging in over 90 minutes of exercise per week were less likely to have SAD (OR = 0.383), and occasional smokers had a lower risk of SAD compared to non-smokers (OR = 0.422). Our study uncovered a notably elevated prevalence of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) among foreign-born undergraduate students in Türkiye. Factors such as being female, having a family history of mental illnesses, studying in a stressful environment, experiencing academic failure, and engaging in less frequent exercise were associated with noticeable symptoms of SAD. These findings emphasize the urgent need for heightened efforts in recognizing and addressing SAD within this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujain Alnemr
- Hamidiye International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Abdelaziz H. Salama
- Hamidiye International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Salma Abdelrazek
- Hamidiye International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hussein Alfakeer
- Hamidiye International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mohamed Ali Alkhateeb
- Hamidiye International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Perihan Torun
- Department of Public Health, Hamidiye International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Alghamdi A, Syed W, Samarkandi OA, Albalawi MM, Alsulaihim IN, Almutairi SM, Al-Rawi MBA. Exploring the Educational Social and Physical Activities Among Health Care Undergraduates - a Cross-Sectional Study Among Saudi Students. Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e943399. [PMID: 38797985 PMCID: PMC11141300 DOI: 10.12659/msm.943399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The time spent on diverse social, physical, and educational activities among healthcare undergraduates (HCUs) tremendously impacts their academic and personal lives. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the social, physical, and educational activities among HCUs at King Saud University (KSU) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (SA). MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional, self-prepared, and pre-tested e-questionnaire (electronic questionnaire) based study using a convenience sampling design in a university in SA from August 21 to November 21, 2023 was conducted to assess their various activities outside of classes, using a 16-item e-questionnaire to investigate time spent on social (4 items), physical (3 items), and educational activities (3 items). RESULTS A total of 452 HCUs completed the e-questionnaires, giving a response rate of 92.62%. Of them, 50.45% were females, the median age was 23 years, and 32.08% (n=145) were medical undergraduates. About 57% of the HCUs spent 1-2 h per day on educational activities during the day, while 32.7% of the HCUs spent 2 h per day on social media, and 62.6% spent 3-4 h per day with family. The findings revealed that the 140 females spent significantly more time (1-2 h) reading and writing compared to the 117 male HCUs (P=0.001). Age was found to be associated with time spent on education by HCUs (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings among HCUs show that most spend a significant amount of time on educational activities during the day. Undergraduates also spend time with their families and participate in other social activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alya Alghamdi
- Community and Mental Health Nursing Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajid Syed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A. Samarkandi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Prince Sultan College for Emergency Medical Services, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Albalawi
- Prince Sultan College for Emergency Medical Services, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shogair Mshal Almutairi
- Prince Sultan College for Emergency Medical Services, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Basil A. Al-Rawi
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ghosh A, Cohen KA, Jans L, Busch CA, McDanal R, Yang Y, Cooper KM, Schleider JL. A Digital Single-Session Intervention (Project Engage) to Address Fear of Negative Evaluation Among College Students: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health 2023; 10:e48926. [PMID: 37995114 PMCID: PMC10704327 DOI: 10.2196/48926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasingly, college science courses are transitioning from a traditional lecture format to active learning because students learn more and fail less frequently when they engage in their learning through activities and discussions in class. Fear of negative evaluation (FNE), defined as a student's sense of dread associated with being unfavorably evaluated while participating in a social situation, discourages undergraduates from participating in small group discussions, whole class discussions, and conversing one-on-one with instructors. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the acceptability of a novel digital single-session intervention and to assess the feasibility of implementing it in a large enrollment college science course taught in an active learning way. METHODS To equip undergraduates with skills to cope with FNE and bolster their confidence, clinical psychologists and biology education researchers developed Project Engage, a digital, self-guided single-session intervention for college students. It teaches students strategies for coping with FNE to bolster their confidence. Project Engage provides biologically informed psychoeducation, uses interactive elements for engagement, and helps generate a personalized action plan. We conducted a 2-armed randomized controlled trial to evaluate the acceptability and the preliminary effectiveness of Project Engage compared with an active control condition that provides information on available resources on the college campus. RESULTS In a study of 282 upper-level physiology students, participants randomized to complete Project Engage reported a greater increase in overall confidence in engaging in small group discussions (P=.01) and whole class discussions (P<.001), but not in one-on-one interactions with instructors (P=.05), from baseline to immediately after intervention outcomes, compared with participants in an active control condition. Project Engage received a good acceptability rating (1.22 on a scale of -2 to +2) and had a high completion rate (>97%). CONCLUSIONS This study provides a foundation for a freely available, easily accessible intervention to bolster student confidence for contributing in class. TRIAL REGISTRATION OSF Registries osf.io/4ca68 http://osf.io/4ca68.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arka Ghosh
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Katherine A Cohen
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Laura Jans
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Carly A Busch
- Research for Inclusive STEM Education Center, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Riley McDanal
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Katelyn M Cooper
- Research for Inclusive STEM Education Center, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Jessica L Schleider
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Hou L, Lei X. Risk factors of social anxiety in patients with essential tremor. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1051290. [PMID: 36815192 PMCID: PMC9939661 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1051290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the risk factors of social anxiety (SA) in essential tremor (ET) patients. METHODS Motor, cognition, and SA were evaluated using the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Tremor Rating Scale (FTMTRS), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) for each subject. The potential risk factors of SA in ET were analyzed using univariate analysis. RESULTS A total of 80 ET patients and 85 healthy controls completed the evaluation. The LSAS evaluation showed that the prevalence of SA in the ET group was 48.8%, higher than that in controls (12.9%, P < 0.001). Female (OR = 4.959, P = 0.014), younger age (OR = 4.172, P = 0.037), and head tremor (OR = 4.707, P = 0.025) were risk factors of SA among ET patients. CONCLUSION SA is prevalent in patients with ET. Risk factors, such as female sex, age, and head tremor, should be considered for the prevention and intervention of SA in ET patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Hou
- Department of Neurology, Qujing Second People's Hospital, Qujing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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