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Hsu TW, Tsai SJ, Bai YM, Cheng CM, Su TP, Chen TJ, Liang CS, Chen MH. Parental mental disorders in patients with comorbid schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a nationwide family-link study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02480-0. [PMID: 38814466 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02480-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is highly comorbid with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); both conditions share numerous pathophysiological etiologies. We, thus, examined the risk of mental disorders in the parents of probands with schizophrenia, OCD, or both conditions. Between 2001 and 2011, we enrolled a nationwide cohort of 69,813 patients with schizophrenia, OCD, or both. The control cohort included 698,130 individuals matched for demographics. Poisson regression models were employed to examine the risk of six mental disorders in their parents, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depressive disorder, OCD, alcohol use disorder, and substance use disorder. We stratified patients into schizophrenia-only, OCD-only, and dual-diagnosis groups, and the dual-diagnosis group was further divided into schizophrenia-first, OCD-first, and simultaneously diagnosed groups. Compared with controls, the schizophrenia, OCD, and dual-diagnosis groups had higher risks for the six mental disorders in their parents (range of odds ratio [OR] 1.50-7.83). The sub-analysis of the dual-diagnosis group showed that the schizophrenia-first, OCD-first, and simultaneously diagnosed groups had higher odds for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depressive disorder, and OCD (range of OR 1.64-6.45) in their parents than the control group; the simultaneously diagnosed and OCD-first diagnosed groups had a higher odds of parental substance use disorder, while the schizophrenia-first diagnosed group had a higher odds of parental alcohol use disorder. The interrelationship between OCD and schizophrenia is linked to bipolar disorder, depressive disorder, alcohol use disorder, and substance use disorder. The results have implications for mental health policy and future research.
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Grants
- V106B-020, V107B-010, V107C-181, V108B-012, V110C-025, V110B-002 Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- V106B-020, V107B-010, V107C-181, V108B-012, V110C-025, V110B-002 Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- V106B-020, V107B-010, V107C-181, V108B-012, V110C-025, V110B-002 Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- CI-109-21, CI-109-22, CI-110-30 Yen Tjing Ling Medical Foundation
- 107-2314-B-075-063-MY3, 108-2314-B-075 -037 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Wei Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, E-DA Dachang Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Beitou District, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shihpai Road, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Mei Bai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Beitou District, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shihpai Road, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Beitou District, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shihpai Road, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ping Su
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Cheng Hsin Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzeng-Ji Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Hsinchu Branch, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sung Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, No. 60, Xinmin Road, Beitou District, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.
- Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Mu-Hong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Beitou District, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shihpai Road, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Salloum F, Farran M, Shaib H, Jurjus A, Sleiman R, Khalil MI. Establishing an OCD Model in BALB/c Mice Using RU24969: A Molecular and Behavioural Study of Optimal Dose Selection. Behav Neurol 2024; 2024:4504858. [PMID: 38566972 PMCID: PMC10985275 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4504858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling disease characterized by distressing obsessions and repetitive compulsions. The etiology of OCD is poorly known, and mouse modeling allows to clarify the genetic and neurochemical basis of this disorder and to investigate potential treatments. This study evaluates the impact of the 5-HT1B agonist RU24969 on the induction of OCD-like behaviours in female BALB/c mice (n = 30), distributed across five groups receiving varying doses of RU24969. Behavioural assessments, including marble test, tail suspension test, sucrose preference test, forced swim test, and nestlet shredding test, were conducted. Gene expression and protein quantitation of Gabra1 and serotonin transporter in mouse brain were also performed. Marble-burying behaviour increased significantly at high doses of RU24969 (15-20 mg/kg). The forced swimming test consistently showed elevated values at the same high concentrations, compared to the control. Altered reward-seeking behaviour was indicated by the sucrose preference test, notably at 15 and 20 mg/kg doses of RU24969. Nestlet shredding results did not show statistical significance among the tested animal groups. Gene expression analysis revealed reduced Gabra1 expression with increasing doses of RU, while serotonin transporter was not related to varying doses of RU24969. Western blotting corroborated these trends. The results underscore complex interactions between the serotonin system, GABAergic signaling, and OCD-relevant behaviours and suggest the use of intraperitoneal injection of 15 mg/kg of RU24969 to induce OCD-like behaviour in BALB/c mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Salloum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Farran
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Houssam Shaib
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abdo Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roni Sleiman
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mahmoud I. Khalil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Sultania A, Venkatesan S, Batra DR, Rajesh K, Vashishth R, Ravi S, Ahmad F. Potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for obsessive compulsive disorder: Evidences from clinical studies. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2024; 34:010503. [PMID: 38125619 PMCID: PMC10731732 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2024.010503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a prevalent behavioral disorder with a complex etiology. However, the underlying pathogenic molecular pathways and the associated risk factors are largely obscure. This has hindered both the identification of relevant prognostic biomarkers and the development of effective treatment strategies. Because of the diverse range of clinical manifestations, not all patients benefit from therapies currently practiced in the clinical setting. Nevertheless, several lines of evidence indicate that neurotrophic, neurotransmitter, and oxidative signaling are involved in the pathophysiology of OCD. Based upon evidences from clinical (and pre-clinical studies), the present review paper sets out to decipher the utilities of three parameters (i.e. brain-derived neurotrophic factor; BDNF, noradrenalin-synthesizing enzyme dopamine beta-hydroxylase; DBH; and oxidative damage marker malondialdehyde; MDA) as diagnostic peripheral biomarkers as well as bio-targets for therapeutic strategies. While the data indicates promising results, there is necessitation for future studies to further confirm and establish these. Further, based again on the available clinical data, we investigated the possibilities of exploiting the etiological links between disruptions in the sleep-wake cycle and insulin signaling, and OCD for the identification of potential anti-OCD ameliorative agents with the ability to elicit multimodal effects, including attenuation of the alterations in BDNF, noradrenergic and redox pathways. In this respect, agomelatine and metformin may represent particularly interesting candidates; however, further clinical studies are warranted to establish these as singular or complementary medications in OCD subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarushi Sultania
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shashank Venkatesan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhruv Rishb Batra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Keerthna Rajesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rahul Vashishth
- Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudesh Ravi
- Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sepehrinezhad A, Shahbazi A, Joghataei MT, Larsen FS, Sahab Negah S. Inhibition of autotaxin alleviates pathological features of hepatic encephalopathy at the level of gut-liver-brain axis: an experimental and bioinformatic study. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:490. [PMID: 37528089 PMCID: PMC10394058 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that the circulatory levels of autotaxin (ATX) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) are increased in patients with severe liver disease. However, the potential role of the ATX-LPA axis in hepatic encephalopathy (HE) remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the role of the ATX-LPA signaling pathway in mice with thioacetamide (TAA) induced acute HE. To show the role of the ATX-LPA axis in the context of HE, we first measured the involvement of ATX-LPA in the pathogenesis of TAA-induced acute HE. Then, we compared the potential effects of ATX inhibitor (HA130) on astrocyte responses at in vitro and gut-liver-brain axis at in vivo levels. The inflammatory chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 was significantly increased in the hyperammonemic condition and could be prevented by ATX inhibition in astrocytes at in vitro level. Further statistical tests revealed that plasma and tissue pro-inflammatory cytokines were inhibited by HA130 in mice. Furthermore, the stage of HE was significantly improved by HA130. The most surprising result was that HA130 alleviated immune infiltrating cells in the liver and intestine and decreased mucus-secreting cells in the intestine. Further analysis showed that the levels of liver enzymes in serum were significantly decreased in response to ATX inhibition. Surprisingly, our data indicated that HA130 could recover permeabilization of the blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation, and recognition memory. Besides that, we found that the changes of Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in HE might have a connection with the glymphatic system based on bioinformatics analyses. Taken together, our data showed that the ATX-LPA axis contributes to the pathogenesis of HE and that inhibition of ATX improves HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sepehrinezhad
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Shahbazi
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Fin Stolze Larsen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sajad Sahab Negah
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
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