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Springer P, Franzen-Castle L, Gratopp E, Schmader B. What is a healthy community? Refugee youth’s perspective on freedom, safety, and trust: a photovoice project. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMIC THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/2692398x.2022.2135344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Springer
- Department of Child, Youth and Family Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Lisa Franzen-Castle
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Emily Gratopp
- Lancaster County Extension, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Brenna Schmader
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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Perceived Discrimination, Psychological Distress and Cardiovascular Risk in Migrants in Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124601. [PMID: 32604844 PMCID: PMC7345483 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of discrimination and psychological distress on the cardiovascular health of immigrants, as well as to analyse potential differences based on age, gender, length of residence in host country and geographic origin. The sample was formed by 1714 immigrants from Africa, Eastern Europe and Latin America. Of the sample, 48.7% were men and 51.3% were women. Most relevant results show that discrimination (t = 4.27; p = 0.000) and psychological distress (t = 4.35; p = 0.000) experienced by immigrants predict their cardiovascular risk. Furthermore, psychological distress mediates the relation between discrimination and risk (t = 4.03; p = 0.000). Significant differences between men and women were found, as well as differences based on ethnicity, although to a lesser extent. Age affects the relation between discrimination, psychological distress and arterial hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Results are notably relevant for the design of preventive health programmes for immigrants and intervention strategies in order to prevent diseases that may imply cardiovascular risks and seriously affect immigrants' health.
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Hombrados-Mendieta I, Millán-Franco M, Gómez-Jacinto L, Gonzalez-Castro F, Martos-Méndez MJ, García-Cid A. Positive Influences of Social Support on Sense of Community, Life Satisfaction and the Health of Immigrants in Spain. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2555. [PMID: 31803103 PMCID: PMC6872520 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to investigate the association of social support and the sense of community (SOC) with satisfaction with life (SWL) and immigrant health. We propose a model in which perceived social support from close sources (family and friends), as mediated by SOC and life satisfaction, would be positively associated with mental and physical health. Limited evidence exists from multivariate models that concurrently examine the association of both factors with SWL and health-related outcomes. We investigate the hypothesized association in a structural equations model (SEM) analysis. The participants consisted of 1131 immigrants (49% men and 51% women) (age 18-70, M = 33). The study was conducted in Malaga (Spain). Cross-sectional data were collected using a random-route sampling and survey methodology. In this model, greater social support from native friends was associated with a greater SOC. Social support from family and native friends was associated with greater SWL. Also, a greater SOC was associated with greater SWL. No association was found between SOC and mental health symptoms, whereas, greater SWL was associated with fewer mental health and illness symptoms. These results suggest that among immigrants, support networks involving family and native friends, and integration into the community are important influences for immigrants to achieve life satisfaction. These results are widely applicable and have implications that are relevant to the design of health promotion interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Hombrados-Mendieta
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Luis Gómez-Jacinto
- Faculty of Social and Labour Studies, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Felipe Gonzalez-Castro
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | | | - Alba García-Cid
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Zlotnick C, Goldblatt H, Birenbaum-Carmeli D, Dishon Y, Taychaw O, Shadmi E. The impact of adolescents' racial and ethnic self-identity on hope. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2019; 27:e705-e715. [PMID: 31206927 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The two components of hope (i.e., hope-agency defined as the ability to envision and believe in one's ability to achieve goals; hope-pathway defined as belief in one's ability to devise strategies to achieve one's goals) propel adolescents toward well-being, academic achievement and personal fulfillment. This study compares levels of hope and its components, for different groups of immigrant and ethnic non-immigrant youths, while adjusting for and measuring the impact of racism, school and family characteristics, and the youth's unique individual attributes. Using a community-based participatory research approach and a cross-sectional study design, data were collected from immigrant and non-immigrant youth (n = 567) between May 2015 and December 2015 at three Israeli public high schools. The study included five groups of youth based on their self-descriptions: Ethiopian immigrant (n = 48), Russian immigrant (n = 145), Israeli-born Mizrachi/Sephardi (n = 59), Israeli-born Ashkenazi (n = 49), or Israeli-born Unspecified (n = 266). Linear regression models showed that Ethiopian immigrant youth, compared to Russian immigrant youth and all Israeli-born groups of youth, had significantly lower hope-agency, hope-pathway and overall hope. However, an interaction effect between racism and ethnicity indicated that adolescents who perceived racism and self-identified as Ethiopian had higher hope-agency, hope-pathway and overall hope. This effect was not found with Russian immigrant or Israeli-born youth. Immigrants of color compared to other immigrants and ethnicities have less overall hope; but those who acknowledge racism feel more control over their future (hope-agency), able to devise strategies to surmount barriers blocking goals (hope-pathway), and have greater overall hope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Zlotnick
- Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Welfare Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hadass Goldblatt
- Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Welfare Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daphna Birenbaum-Carmeli
- Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Welfare Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yael Dishon
- Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Welfare Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Omer Taychaw
- Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Welfare Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Efrat Shadmi
- Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Welfare Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Zlotnick C, Birenbaum-Carmeli D, Goldblatt H, Dishon Y, Taychaw O, Shadmi E. Adolescent immigrants, the impact of gender on health status. Eur J Public Health 2018; 27:453-459. [PMID: 27836970 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background : Although studies have described the 'healthy immigrant effect' in adults, far fewer have examined the 'healthy immigrant effect' for adolescents living in immigrant families. Those few studies that did, noted conflicting results, and also differed on whether gender confounds the results. : This cross-sectional study was informed by the community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach in which researchers obtained the expertise and guidance on instrument design and study implementation. Data collection of self-administered surveys was completed between May 2015 and December 2015 on adolescents. Comparisons were made among six groups based on gender and immigrant status. : Of the total sample ( n = 618), more than a third were first or second generation immigrant adolescents ( n = 239). Comparisons among six groups, categorized by gender and immigrant status (i.e. first generation immigrants, second generation immigrants, native born), indicated many differences. However, when the differences were taken into account using logistic regression models, excellent health status was least likely to be reported by second generation immigrant males (versus native born adolescent females) ( P < 0.01), even after adjusting for the independent associations found for psychological symptoms ( P < 0.0001), not smoking ( P < 0.05) and having normal BMI ( P < 0.05). : This study demonstrates the relative disadvantage of second generation immigrant boys, but not first generation boys or first and second generation immigrant girls relative to their native counterparts. Reasons for the gap may be differences in support services and/or parental expectations; however further studies are needed to confirm these possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Zlotnick
- Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, University of Haifa, 199 Abba Khushi Avenue, Mt Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Daphna Birenbaum-Carmeli
- Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, University of Haifa, 199 Abba Khushi Avenue, Mt Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Hadass Goldblatt
- Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, University of Haifa, 199 Abba Khushi Avenue, Mt Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Yael Dishon
- Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, University of Haifa, 199 Abba Khushi Avenue, Mt Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Omer Taychaw
- Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, University of Haifa, 199 Abba Khushi Avenue, Mt Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Efrat Shadmi
- Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, University of Haifa, 199 Abba Khushi Avenue, Mt Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
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Zlotnick C, Birenbaum-Carmeli D, Goldblatt H, Dishon Y, Taychaw O, Shadmi E. Health indicators and social gradient in adolescent immigrants' health risk and healthcare experiences. Eur J Pediatr 2018; 177:221-228. [PMID: 29204853 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-017-3052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Few studies have assessed healthcare experiences in apparently healthy adolescents, or whether healthcare attitudes are linked to the two leading adolescent health indicators, smoking and obesity. Even fewer have examined these relationships in adolescent immigrant groups or made comparisons to adolescent non-immigrants. Using a cross-sectional study, healthcare experiences were compared among three groups of adolescents (n = 589) including Russian immigrants (n = 154), Ethiopian immigrants (n = 54), and non-immigrants (n = 381). Bootstrap estimates indicated positive healthcare experiences were less common among Russian adolescent immigrants (OR = 0.38, CI = 0.17, 0.86) compared to non-immigrants, unless the Russian adolescent immigrants reported above average socioeconomic status, in which case they were more likely than non-immigrant adolescents to report positive healthcare experiences (OR = 3.22, CI = 1.05, 9.85). Positive healthcare experiences were less likely among adolescents who were smokers (OR = 0.50, CI = 0.27, 0.91), and more likely for adolescents with a normal or low BMI (OR = 3.16, CI = 1.56, 6.40) and for those relying on parents for health information (OR = 1.97, CI = 1.05, 3.70). CONCLUSION Findings suggest a social gradient in which positive healthcare experiences were more common among adolescence with higher socioeconomic status for some immigrants (Russian adolescents) but not for others. The two leading health indicators were related to healthcare experiences, but as adolescent smokers were less likely to have positive healthcare experiences, proactive efforts are needed to engage this group. What is Known: • Health indicators (such as obesity) and healthcare attitudes are linked to healthcare service use among adolescents sampled from outpatient and inpatient populations. What is New: • A social gradient involving socioeconomic status and being an adolescent immigrant was found regarding risky health indicators (i.e., smoking, use of internet as the primary source of health information). • Problematic health indicators, such as smoking, is linked to less positive healthcare attitudes in apparently healthy adolescents (both immigrants and non-immigrants).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Zlotnick
- Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Welfare Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Abba Khushi Avenue, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Daphna Birenbaum-Carmeli
- Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Welfare Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Abba Khushi Avenue, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hadass Goldblatt
- Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Welfare Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Abba Khushi Avenue, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yael Dishon
- Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Welfare Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Abba Khushi Avenue, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Omer Taychaw
- Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Welfare Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Abba Khushi Avenue, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Efrat Shadmi
- Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Welfare Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Abba Khushi Avenue, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
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Faconti L, Nanino E, Mills CE, Cruickshank KJ. Do arterial stiffness and wave reflection underlie cardiovascular risk in ethnic minorities? JRSM Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 5:2048004016661679. [PMID: 27540482 PMCID: PMC4973480 DOI: 10.1177/2048004016661679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that remarkable differences in cardiovascular risk between ethnic groups cannot be fully explained by traditional risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes or dislipidemia measured in midlife. Therefore, the underlying pathophysiology leading to this “excess risk” in ethnic minority groups is still poorly understood, and one way to address this issue is to shift the focus from “risk” to examine target organs, particularly blood vessels and their arterial properties more directly. In fact, structural and functional changes of the vascular system may be identifiable at very early stages of life when traditional factors are not yet developed. Arterial stiffening, measured as aortic pulse wave velocity, and wave reflection parameters, especially augmentation index, seem to be an important pathophysiological mechanism for the development of cardiovascular disease and predict mortality independent of other risk factors. However, data regarding these arterial indices in ethnic minorities are relatively rare and the heterogeneity between populations, techniques and statistical methods make it difficult to fully understand their role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Faconti
- Cardiovascular Medicine Group, Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Elisa Nanino
- Cardiovascular Medicine Group, Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte E Mills
- Cardiovascular Medicine Group, Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kennedy J Cruickshank
- Cardiovascular Medicine Group, Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, London, UK
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Lopez-Class M, Peprah E, Zhang X, Kaufmann PG, Engelgau MM. A Strategic Framework for Utilizing Late-Stage (T4) Translation Research to Address Health Inequities. Ethn Dis 2016; 26:387-94. [PMID: 27440979 DOI: 10.18865/ed.26.3.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving health equity requires that every person has the opportunity to attain their full health potential and no one is disadvantaged from achieving this potential because of social position or other socially determined circumstances. Inequity experienced by populations of lower socioeconomic status is reflected in differences in health status and mortality rates, as well as in the distribution of disease, disability and illness across these population groups. This article gives an overview of the health inequities literature associated with heart, lung, blood and sleep (HLBS) disorders. We present an ecological framework that provides a theoretical foundation to study late-stage T4 translation research that studies implementation strategies for proven effective interventions to address health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lopez-Class
- Center for Translation Research and Implementation, National Institutes of Health
| | - Emmanuel Peprah
- Center for Translation Research and Implementation, National Institutes of Health
| | - Xinzhi Zhang
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health
| | - Peter G Kaufmann
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Michael M Engelgau
- Center for Translation Research and Implementation, National Institutes of Health
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