1
|
Sarich P, Gao S, Zhu Y, Canfell K, Weber MF. The association between alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality: An umbrella review of systematic reviews using lifetime abstainers or low-volume drinkers as a reference group. Addiction 2024; 119:998-1012. [PMID: 38465993 DOI: 10.1111/add.16446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Systematic reviews of the relationship between alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality have reported different relative risk (RR) curves, possibly due to the choice of reference group. Results have varied from 'J-shaped' curves, where low-volume consumption is associated with reduced risk, to monotonically increased risk with increasing consumption. We summarised the evidence on alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality exclusively from systematic reviews using lifetime abstainers or low-volume/occasional drinkers as the reference group. METHODS We conducted a systematic umbrella review of systematic reviews of the relationship between alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality in prospective cohort studies using a reference group of lifetime abstainers or low-volume/occasional drinkers. Several databases (PubMed/Medline/Embase/PsycINFO/Cochrane Library) were searched to March 2022. Reviews were assessed for risk of bias, and those with reference groups containing former drinkers were excluded. RESULTS From 2149 articles retrieved, 25 systematic reviews were identified, and five did not include former drinkers in the reference group. Four of the five included reviews had high risk of bias. Three reviews reported a J-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality with significant decreased risk for low-volume drinking (RR range 0.84 to 0.95), while two reviews did not. The one review at low risk of bias reported monotonically increased risk with greater consumption (RRs = 1.02, 1.13, 1.33 and 1.52 for low-, medium-, high- and higher-volume drinking, respectively, compared with occasional drinking). All five reviews reported significantly increased risk with higher levels of alcohol consumption (RR range 1.28 to 3.70). Sub-group analyses were reported by sex and age; however, there were evidence gaps for many important factors. Conversely, 17 of 20 excluded systematic reviews reported decreased mortality risk for low-volume drinking. CONCLUSIONS Over 70% of systematic reviews and meta-analyses published to March 2022 of all-cause mortality risk associated with alcohol consumption did not exclude former drinkers from the reference group and may therefore be biased by the 'sick-quitter effect'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sarich
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, A Joint Venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shuhan Gao
- Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yining Zhu
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen Canfell
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, A Joint Venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marianne F Weber
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, A Joint Venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jang EH, Jung R, Lee S. Higher adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet is associated with reduced psychosocial stress levels in baby boomers: a cross-sectional study. Nutr Res Pract 2024; 18:257-268. [PMID: 38584810 PMCID: PMC10995775 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2024.18.2.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This study investigated the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet among Korean baby boomers and their levels of psychosocial stress. SUBJECTS/METHODS The study included 1,656 adults (889 men and 797 women) born between 1955 and 1963 who participated in the 2005-2006 survey of the community-based Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). The Mediterranean-type diet score (MTDS) was calculated from the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ) data. The psychosocial stress levels were calculated using the psychosocial well-being index-short form (PWI-SF). Logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze the association between the MTDS (tertiles) and the prevalence of high psychosocial stress by gender. RESULTS The ranges of the MTDS tertile groups were T1 (20-33 points), T2 (34-37 points), and T3 (38-39 points) for men, T1 (20-33 points), T2 (34-37 points), and T3 (38-48 points) for women. In both men and women, the consumption of whole grains, potatoes, fruits, vegetables, legumes, and fish increased with higher MTDS, while the consumption of red meat and dairy products decreased (P for trend < 0.05). As MTDS score increased the intake of energy, fiber, vitamins, and minerals (P for trend < 0.05). Men in the highest MTDS tertile had a 41% lower odds ratio (OR) of high psychosocial stress compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR, 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38-0.91). Similarly, women in the highest tertile of the MTDS had a 39% lower OR of high psychosocial stress compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.40-0.95). CONCLUSION Promoting adherence to the Mediterranean diet among baby boomers may have a positive impact on reducing their levels of psychosocial stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hee Jang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 01133, Korea
| | - Ranmi Jung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 01133, Korea
| | - Seungmin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 01133, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Z, Liao H, Zheng Y, Ruan H, Li L, Zhang M, Ma M, He S. Mortality Risk in Older People Who Drank Alcohol in the Past by Varying Duration of Alcohol Abstention. Am J Prev Med 2023; 65:678-686. [PMID: 37257763 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to explore the mortality risk in older people who drank alcohol in the past by varying the duration of alcohol abstention. METHODS In total, 31,999 participants aged ≥65 years from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (Waves 1998, 2000, 2002, 2005, 2008, 2011, 2014) were included. Duration of alcohol abstention was assessed by designed questions, and the study outcome was all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association. Analyses occurred from 2022 to 2023. RESULTS During a follow-up of 140,974.8 person-years, all-cause mortality occurred in 24,257 participants. Mortality significantly increased by 23% (adjusted hazard ratio=1.23, 95% CI=1.14, 1.33, p<0.001), by 17% (adjusted hazard ratio=1.17, 95% CI=1.06, 1.31, p=0.003), and by 17% (adjusted hazard ratio=1.17, 95% CI=1.07, 1.28, p=0.001) in people who drank alcohol in the past with ≤5 years, 5-10 years, 10-20 years of alcohol abstention, respectively, compared with that among those who drink alcohol at present. After 20 years of alcohol abstention, the increased mortality risk disappeared (adjusted hazard ratio=1.06, 95% CI=0.97, 1.15, p=0.204). Stratified and sensitivity analysis revealed similar results. In addition, compared with the risk of all-cause mortality among people who never drink alcohol, the risk of all-cause mortality in those who drank alcohol in the past also significantly increased in the following 20 years after they stop drinking, and then the increased risk disappeared afterward. CONCLUSIONS An increased risk of all-cause mortality in older people who drank alcohol in the past was observed, which disappeared after 20 years of alcohol abstention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Liao
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyan Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liying Li
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Muxin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Cardiology, First People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Ma
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Cardiology, The Sixth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Sen He
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ueng KC, Chiang CE, Chao TH, Wu YW, Lee WL, Li YH, Ting KH, Su CH, Lin HJ, Su TC, Liu TJ, Lin TH, Hsu PC, Wang YC, Chen ZC, Jen HL, Lin PL, Ko FY, Yen HW, Chen WJ, Hou CJY. 2023 Guidelines of the Taiwan Society of Cardiology on the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Coronary Syndrome. ACTA CARDIOLOGICA SINICA 2023; 39:4-96. [PMID: 36685161 PMCID: PMC9829849 DOI: 10.6515/acs.202301_39(1).20221103a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) covers a wide spectrum from persons who are asymptomatic to those presenting with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and sudden cardiac death. Coronary atherosclerotic disease is a chronic, progressive process that leads to atherosclerotic plaque development and progression within the epicardial coronary arteries. Being a dynamic process, CAD generally presents with a prolonged stable phase, which may then suddenly become unstable and lead to an acute coronary event. Thus, the concept of "stable CAD" may be misleading, as the risk for acute events continues to exist, despite the use of pharmacological therapies and revascularization. Many advances in coronary care have been made, and guidelines from other international societies have been updated. The 2023 guidelines of the Taiwan Society of Cardiology for CAD introduce a new concept that categorizes the disease entity according to its clinical presentation into acute or chronic coronary syndromes (ACS and CCS, respectively). Previously defined as stable CAD, CCS include a heterogeneous population with or without chest pain, with or without prior ACS, and with or without previous coronary revascularization procedures. As cardiologists, we now face the complexity of CAD, which involves not only the epicardial but also the microcirculatory domains of the coronary circulation and the myocardium. New findings about the development and progression of coronary atherosclerosis have changed the clinical landscape. After a nearly 50-year ischemia-centric paradigm of coronary stenosis, growing evidence indicates that coronary atherosclerosis and its features are both diagnostic and therapeutic targets beyond obstructive CAD. Taken together, these factors have shifted the clinicians' focus from the functional evaluation of coronary ischemia to the anatomic burden of disease. Research over the past decades has strengthened the case for prevention and optimal medical therapy as central interventions in patients with CCS. Even though functional capacity has clear prognostic implications, it does not include the evaluation of non-obstructive lesions, plaque burden or additional risk-modifying factors beyond epicardial coronary stenosis-driven ischemia. The recommended first-line diagnostic tests for CCS now include coronary computed tomographic angiography, an increasingly used anatomic imaging modality capable of detecting not only obstructive but also non-obstructive coronary plaques that may be missed with stress testing. This non-invasive anatomical modality improves risk assessment and potentially allows for the appropriate allocation of preventive therapies. Initial invasive strategies cannot improve mortality or the risk of myocardial infarction. Emphasis should be placed on optimizing the control of risk factors through preventive measures, and invasive strategies should be reserved for highly selected patients with refractory symptoms, high ischemic burden, high-risk anatomies, and hemodynamically significant lesions. These guidelines provide current evidence-based diagnosis and treatment recommendations. However, the guidelines are not mandatory, and members of the Task Force fully realize that the treatment of CCS should be individualized to address each patient's circumstances. Ultimately, the decision of healthcare professionals is most important in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwo-Chang Ueng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung
| | - Chern-En Chiang
- General Clinical Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei
| | - Ting-Hsing Chao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital; College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Yen-Wen Wu
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Medical Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City
| | - Wen-Lieng Lee
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung
| | - Yi-Heng Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital; College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Ke-Hsin Ting
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yunlin Christian Hospital, Yunlin
| | - Chun-Hung Su
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung
| | - Hung-Ju Lin
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
| | - Ta-Chen Su
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei
| | - Tsun-Jui Liu
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung
| | - Tsung-Hsien Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
| | - Po-Chao Hsu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
| | - Yu-Chen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Asia University Hospital, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung
| | - Zhih-Cherng Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan
| | - Hsu-Lung Jen
- Division of Cardiology, Cheng Hsin Rehabilitation Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Po-Lin Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu
| | - Feng-You Ko
- Cardiovascular Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
| | - Hsueh-Wei Yen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
| | - Wen-Jone Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Min Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan
| | - Charles Jia-Yin Hou
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu YT, Lee JH, Tsai MK, Wei JCC, Wen CP. The effects of modest drinking on life expectancy and mortality risks: a population-based cohort study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7476. [PMID: 35523974 PMCID: PMC9076667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11427-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Modest drinking has been repeatedly discussed in scientific papers as protective against certain diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, but in most cases, alcohol worsens health conditions, especially when consumed at high risk levels. The complexity of the risk relationship between alcohol and health conditions has confused clinicians as to whether it should be recommended. The study aims to balance the risks and benefits of modest drinking. This retrospective cohort study of 430,016 adults recruited from a standard health-screening program since 1994, with 11,031 deaths identified as of 2008. Drinking distinguished “modest drinker” (no more than one drink a day) from “regular drinker”. Mortality risks including all-cause mortality and diseases-specific mortality with hazard ratio (HR) were calculated by adjusting for 15 confounders. Life table was used for life expectancy. Risk predictors were subjected to Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to identify significant predictors in multivariate models and life expectancy analysis. Nearly one out of 4 males (23%) was a modest drinker, who gained 0.94 year (95% CI 0.65–1.23 year) in life over non-drinker and had 8% reduction in adjusted all-cause mortality (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86–0.97). In contrast, regular drinkers had 43% increase in overall mortality (HR 1.43, CI 1.35–1.52) and shortened life by 6.9 years (95% CI 6.6–7.1 years). As most drinkers also smoked, 59% in modest and 75% in regular, the combined effect shortened life by 2.0 years (95% CI 1.6–2.4 years) in modest drinker and 10.3 years (95% CI 9.8–10.7 years) in regular drinker. Cancer were increased in modest drinkers for oral (HR 2.35, CI 1.38–4.01) and esophageal (HR 3.83, CI 1.90–7.73) cancer. The gain of one year by modest drinkers was erased by a two to fourfold increase in oral and esophageal cancer and that drinking beyond modest amount led to a large loss of life expectancy. Given that drinkers are prone to cross the line of drinking, clinicians should balance the risks and benefits of drinking, as well as the understanding of whether the patient is at risk for addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Tze Liu
- Department of Family Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, ROC.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Holistic Wellness, Mingdao University, Changhua, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - June Han Lee
- National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Min Kuang Tsai
- National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC. .,Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chi-Pang Wen
- National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC. .,China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Spiller W, Jung KJ, Lee JY, Jee SH. Precision Medicine and Cardiovascular Health: Insights from Mendelian Randomization Analyses. Korean Circ J 2019; 50:91-111. [PMID: 31845553 PMCID: PMC6974657 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2019.0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is considered a primary driver of global mortality and is estimated to be responsible for approximately 17.9 million deaths annually. Consequently, a substantial body of research related to CVD has developed, with an emphasis on identifying strategies for the prevention and effective treatment of CVD. In this review, we critically examine the existing CVD literature, and specifically highlight the contribution of Mendelian randomization analyses in CVD research. Throughout this review, we assess the extent to which research findings agree across a range of studies of differing design within a triangulation framework. If differing study designs are subject to non-overlapping sources of bias, consistent findings limit the extent to which results are merely an artefact of study design. Consequently, broad agreement across differing studies can be viewed as providing more robust causal evidence in contrast to limiting the scope of the review to a single specific study design. Utilising the triangulation approach, we highlight emerging patterns in research findings, and explore the potential of identified risk factors as targets for precision medicine and novel interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wes Spiller
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Keum Ji Jung
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Rezende LFM, Rey-López JP, de Sá TH, Chartres N, Fabbri A, Powell L, Stamatakis E, Bero L. Reporting bias in the literature on the associations of health-related behaviors and statins with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2005761. [PMID: 29912869 PMCID: PMC6023226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reporting bias in the literature occurs when there is selective revealing or suppression of results, influenced by the direction of findings. We assessed the risk of reporting bias in the epidemiological literature on health-related behavior (tobacco, alcohol, diet, physical activity, and sedentary behavior) and cardiovascular disease mortality and all-cause mortality and provided a comparative assessment of reporting bias between health-related behavior and statin (in primary prevention) meta-analyses. We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Methodology Register Database, and Web of Science for systematic reviews synthesizing the associations of health-related behavior and statins with cardiovascular disease mortality and all-cause mortality published between 2010 and 2016. Risk of bias in systematic reviews was assessed using the ROBIS tool. Reporting bias in the literature was evaluated via small-study effect and excess significance tests. We included 49 systematic reviews in our study. The majority of these reviews exhibited a high overall risk of bias, with a higher extent in health-related behavior reviews, relative to statins. We reperformed 111 meta-analyses conducted across these reviews, of which 65% had statistically significant results (P < 0.05). Around 22% of health-related behavior meta-analyses showed small-study effect, as compared to none of statin meta-analyses. Physical activity and the smoking research areas had more than 40% of meta-analyses with small-study effect. We found evidence of excess significance in 26% of health-related behavior meta-analyses, as compared to none of statin meta-analyses. Half of the meta-analyses from physical activity, 26% from diet, 18% from sedentary behavior, 14% for smoking, and 12% from alcohol showed evidence of excess significance bias. These biases may be distorting the body of evidence available by providing inaccurate estimates of preventive effects on cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Pablo Rey-López
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thiago Hérick de Sá
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Nicholas Chartres
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alice Fabbri
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lauren Powell
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, Epidemiology Unit, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lisa Bero
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shin MJ, Cho Y, Davey Smith G. Alcohol Consumption, Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Gene Polymorphisms, and Cardiovascular Health in Korea. Yonsei Med J 2017; 58:689-696. [PMID: 28540979 PMCID: PMC5447097 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2017.58.4.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is a serious health issue in Korea in terms of the amount consumed and the behavior related to its consumption. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a key enzyme in alcohol metabolism that degrades acetaldehyde to nontoxic acetic acid. The enzyme is coded by the ALDH2 gene, which is commonly polymorphic in East Asian populations. A point mutation in the ALDH2 gene (the rs671 allele) yields an inactive form of ALDH2 that causes acetaldehyde accumulation in the body after alcohol consumption, thereby inhibiting normal alcohol metabolism. Individuals who are homozygous for polymorphism in ALDH2 tend to refrain from drinking alcohol, decreasing their chances of developing alcoholism and exposure to the associated risks. Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have demonstrated that alcohol consumption predicted by ALDH2 genotype is causally related to cardiovascular risks. Moreover, recent MR studies suggest that the ALDH2 variant has mechanistic effects on some disease outcomes or mortality through increased blood levels of acetaldehyde, showing differences therein between heterozygotes (ALDH2*2*2) and homozygotes (ALDH2*1*2) in those who consume alcohol. Accordingly, consideration of ALDH2 genotype in alcohol prevention programs is warranted. In conclusion, strategies that incorporate genetic information and provide an evidential basis from which to help people make informed decisions on alcohol consumption are urgently required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Shin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Yoonsu Cho
- Department of Public Health Sciences, BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
KWON HJ, CHO IR, PARK HJ, KIM TY. Effects of Alcohol Consumption Frequency on Health Index in Korean Women. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 45:997-1003. [PMID: 27928525 PMCID: PMC5139980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we examined the status of Korean women's alcohol consumption and identified the physical changes they undergo according to the level of consumption. The results of this study may thus be used as raw data to effectively control women' drinking habits. METHODS This study consists of a secondary analysis using data from female participants in the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which was conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(2013-2014, V-2). In total, 863 women were finally selected to analyze their anthropometric data [height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference], blood parameters (total cholesterol, triglyceride, and feeding glucose), blood pressure profile (systolic/diastolic), and nutrients (carbohydrate, protein, lipid, and total energy intake). RESULTS Women's alcohol consumption contributed significantly to an increase in body weight, body fat, and BMI as well as to an increase in total energy intake resulting from increased fat consumption. Further, the systolic blood pressure increased significantly when women were exposed to alcohol. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that alcohol consumption in women is associated with a range of adverse health implications. Notably, an increase in drinking frequency significantly affects their body weight, blood parameters, and nutrients, thus posing substantial health risks to the women, including obesity. Therefore, the Korean government should help women curve their drinking habits through regular training and campaigns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Ju KWON
- Asia Contents Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea,Corresponding Author:
| | - Ik-Rae CHO
- College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Joo PARK
- College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Young KIM
- College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|