1
|
Salway R, Jago R, de Vocht F, House D, Porter A, Walker R, Kipping R, Owen CG, Hudda MT, Northstone K, van Sluijs E. School-level intra-cluster correlation coefficients and autocorrelations for children's accelerometer-measured physical activity in England by age and gender. BMC Med Res Methodol 2024; 24:179. [PMID: 39123109 PMCID: PMC11313128 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-024-02290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Randomised, cluster-based study designs in schools are commonly used to evaluate children's physical activity interventions. Sample size estimation relies on accurate estimation of the intra-cluster correlation coefficient (ICC), but published estimates, especially using accelerometry-measured physical activity, are few and vary depending on physical activity outcome and participant age. Less commonly-used cluster-based designs, such as stepped wedge designs, also need to account for correlations over time, e.g. cluster autocorrelation (CAC) and individual autocorrelation (IAC), but no estimates are currently available. This paper estimates the school-level ICC, CAC and IAC for England children's accelerometer-measured physical activity outcomes by age group and gender, to inform the design of future school-based cluster trials. METHODS Data were pooled from seven large English datasets of accelerometer-measured physical activity data between 2002-18 (> 13,500 pupils, 540 primary and secondary schools). Linear mixed effect models estimated ICCs for weekday and whole week for minutes spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and being sedentary for different age groups, stratified by gender. The CAC (1,252 schools) and IAC (34,923 pupils) were estimated by length of follow-up from pooled longitudinal data. RESULTS School-level ICCs for weekday MVPA were higher in primary schools (from 0.07 (95% CI: 0.05, 0.10) to 0.08 (95% CI: 0.06, 0.11)) compared to secondary (from 0.04 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.07) to (95% CI: 0.04, 0.10)). Girls' ICCs were similar for primary and secondary schools, but boys' were lower in secondary. For all ages, combined the CAC was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.44-0.72), and the IAC was 0.46 (95% CI: 0.42-0.49), irrespective of follow-up time. Estimates were higher for MVPA vs sedentary time, and for weekdays vs the whole week. CONCLUSIONS Adequately powered studies are important to evidence effective physical activity strategies. Our estimates of the ICC, CAC and IAC may be used to plan future school-based physical activity evaluations and were fairly consistent across a range of ages and settings, suggesting that results may be applied to other high income countries with similar school physical activity provision. It is important to use estimates appropriate to the study design, and that match the intended study population as closely as possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Salway
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Russell Jago
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research, Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Frank de Vocht
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research, Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Danielle House
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alice Porter
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Robert Walker
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ruth Kipping
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Christopher G Owen
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Mohammed T Hudda
- Department of Population Health, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Kate Northstone
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Esther van Sluijs
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hedeker D, Pereira S, Garbeloto F, Barreira TV, Garganta R, Farias C, Tani G, Chaput JP, Stodden DF, Maia J, Katzmarzyk PT. Statistical analysis of the longitudinal fundamental movement skills data in the REACT project using the multilevel ordinal logistic model. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e24015. [PMID: 37982324 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The REACT project was designed around two main aims: (1) to assess children's growth and motor development after the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) to follow their fundamental movement skills' developmental trajectories over 18 months using a novel technological device (Meu Educativo®) in their physical education classes. In this article, our goal is to describe statistical analysis of the longitudinal ordinal motor development data that was obtained from these children using the multilevel ordinal logistic model. METHODS Longitudinal ordinal data are often collected in studies on motor development. For example, children or adolescents might be rated as having poor, good, or excellent performance levels in fundamental movement skills, and such ratings may be obtained yearly over time to assess changes in fundamental movement skills levels of performance. However, such longitudinal ordinal data are often analyzed using either methods for continuous outcomes, or by dichotomizing the ordinal outcome and using methods for binary data. These approaches are not optimal, and so we describe in detail the use of the multilevel ordinal logistic model for analysis of such data from the REACT project. Our intent is to provide an accessible description and application of this model for analysis of ordinal motor development data. DISCUSSION Our analyses show both the between-subjects and within-subjects effects of age on motor development outcomes across three timepoints. The between-subjects effect of age indicate that children that are older have higher motor development ratings, relative to thoese that are younger, whereas the within-subject effect of age indicates higher motor development ratings as a child ages. It is the latter effect that is particularly of interest in longitudinal studies of motor development, and an important advantage of using the multilevel ordinal logistic model relative to more traditional methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald Hedeker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sara Pereira
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Lusófona University, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fernando Garbeloto
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago V Barreira
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Rui Garganta
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudio Farias
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Go Tani
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David F Stodden
- Department of Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - José Maia
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pereira S, Reyes AC, Chaves R, Santos C, Vasconcelos O, Tani G, Katzmarzyk PT, Baxter-Jones A, Maia J. Correlates of the Physical Activity Decline during Childhood. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:2129-2137. [PMID: 35941524 PMCID: PMC9669110 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to describe longitudinal trends in children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and to investigate associations with individual, familial, and school characteristics. METHODS A sample of 341 Portuguese children age 5-10 yr (173 girls) from six age cohorts was followed over 3 yr using a mixed-longitudinal design. Physical activity, body mass index (BMI), gross motor coordination, and musculoskeletal fitness were assessed annually. Information on socioeconomic status and school characteristics was collected and analyzed with mixed models. RESULTS MVPA shows a similar declining trend in both sexes, but on average, boys exceeded the World Health Organization recommendations of 60 min·d -1 . The best model showed that boys spend, on average, more time in MVPA than girls. Children with lower BMI are less prone to the decline in MVPA, whereas higher levels of musculoskeletal fitness were associated with lower declines in MVPA. Of all school characteristics, only playground dimension was related to MVPA decreasing trajectories. CONCLUSIONS MVPA systematically declines from 5 to 10 yr of age in both boys and girls, but boys remained more active than girls across the age range. The best predictors of MVPA decline are sex, BMI, musculoskeletal fitness, and school playground dimension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pereira
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, PORTUGAL
- CIDEFES, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Lusófona University, Lisboa, PORTUGAL
| | - Ana Carolina Reyes
- Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Cape Verde, Mindelo, CAPE VERDE
| | - Raquel Chaves
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, BRAZIL
| | - Carla Santos
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, PORTUGAL
| | | | - Go Tani
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, BRAZIL
| | - Peter T. Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Adam Baxter-Jones
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, CANADA
| | - José Maia
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, PORTUGAL
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mieziene B, Emeljanovas A, Putriute V, Novak D. The Direct and Indirect Relationships Within the Extended Trans-contextual Model for Moderate-to-vigorous Physical Activity. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:666040. [PMID: 33912525 PMCID: PMC8071955 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.666040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the low levels of physical activity (PA) in adolescence, there are challenges to increasing students' PA outside of the school setting. Thus, researchers emphasize the supportive role that physical education (PE) teachers can play in PA motivation both in and out of school. The aim of the present study was to examine an expanded trans-contextual model (TCM) model for the transit of teachers' perceived support of students' autonomy in terms of contextual and situational motivation in PE to objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in PE across different PE contents as well as to the motivational sequence for, and participation in, subjective MVPA during leisure time. This cross-sectional study involved 283 high school students, of whom 43.9% were boys. The autonomous support students received and other motivational factors and objective measures of MVPA in PE and subjective MVPA in leisure time were measured. The results indicate that support for autonomy was significantly and directly related to needs satisfaction (β = 0.61, p < 0.001) and indirectly to autonomous motivation in PE (β = 0.19, p < 0.001) and leisure time (β = 0.16, p < 0.001), intention in PE (β = 0.03, p < 0.05) and leisure time (β = 0.07, p < 0.001), and leisure time MVPA (β = 0.04, p < 0.001), although not MVPA in PE. Gender was a significant covariate for both MVPA in PE (β = -0.62, p < 0.001) and MVPA in leisure time (β = -0.37, p < 0.001), with higher MVPA in boys than girls. This study filled a gap in the scientific literature by demonstrating the full motivational sequence resulting in actual MVPA in PE classes. It also demonstrated that the main goal of PE of enhancing PA not only in school but also outside of school is working. The main motivator is needs satisfaction based on PE teachers' support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigita Mieziene
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Emeljanovas
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vitalija Putriute
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dario Novak
- Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Back Pain Related with Age, Anthropometric Variables, Sagittal Spinal Curvatures, Hamstring Extensibility, Physical Activity and Health Related Quality of Life in Male and Female High School Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197293. [PMID: 33036288 PMCID: PMC7579385 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Spinal pain (SP) is widely extended among adolescents. The origin of SP can be multifactorial; thus, the present study aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk of SP in high school students and to determine the differences in sagittal spinal curvatures and pelvic tilt, hamstring extensibility, age, anthropometric variables and healthy lifestyle habits dependent on SP between sexes. Two hundred seventy-three teenagers took part in this cross-sectional study. Age, sagittal spinal curvatures, hamstring extensibility, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, anthropometric variables and health related quality of life (HRQL) were recorded. SP was reported by 16.12% of adolescents. Differences were observed in the HRQL according to SP (p < 0.05). Participants without SP were less sedentary (22.12%) and younger (13.10 years old) than participants with SP (40.91% and 13.66, respectively) (p < 0.05). A logistic regression model showed that both variables were significantly collinear (VIF = 1.01; Durbin-Watson = 2.10). Subjects with low back pain (LBP) had a higher weight, body max index, and hip girth than subjects without pain (p < 0.05). A misalignment in the lumbar spine was associated with LBP for males (Cramer’s V = 0.204, p = 0.022). In conclusion, adolescents with SP were older and had a lower HRQL in all dimensions. SP could be predicted according to age and sedentary habits.
Collapse
|
6
|
Salway R, Emm-Collison L, Sebire SJ, Thompson JL, Lawlor DA, Jago R. A Multilevel Analysis of Neighbourhood, School, Friend and Individual-Level Variation in Primary School Children's Physical Activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4889. [PMID: 31817182 PMCID: PMC6950546 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16244889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity is influenced by individual, inter-personal and environmental factors. In this paper, we explore the variability in children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at different individual, parent, friend, school and neighbourhood levels. Valid accelerometer data were collected for 1077 children aged 9, and 1129 at age 11, and the average minutes of MVPA were derived for weekdays and weekends. We used a multiple-membership, multiple-classification model (MMMC) multilevel model to compare the variation in physical activity outcomes at each of the different levels. There were differences in the proportion of variance attributable to the different levels between genders, for weekdays and weekends, at ages 9 and 11. The largest proportion of variability in MVPA was attributable to individual variation, accounting for half of the total residual variability for boys, and two thirds of the variability for girls. MVPA clustered within friendship groups, with friends influencing peer MVPA. Including covariates at the different levels explained only small amounts (3%-13%) of variability. There is a need to enhance our understanding of individual level influences on children's physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Salway
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TZ, UK; (R.S.); (L.E.-C.); (S.J.S.)
| | - Lydia Emm-Collison
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TZ, UK; (R.S.); (L.E.-C.); (S.J.S.)
| | - Simon J. Sebire
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TZ, UK; (R.S.); (L.E.-C.); (S.J.S.)
| | - Janice L. Thompson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Deborah A. Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK;
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Russell Jago
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TZ, UK; (R.S.); (L.E.-C.); (S.J.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou Y, Wang L. Correlates of Physical Activity of Students in Secondary School Physical Education: A Systematic Review of Literature. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4563484. [PMID: 30911543 PMCID: PMC6399562 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4563484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Several reviews have summarised studies on secondary school students' moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in physical education (PE), but no systematic review with semiquantitative assessment has been conducted to specifically identify the correlates of their MVPA. This review aims to systematically summarise the existing literature, which investigated correlates of MVPA of secondary school students during their PE lessons. METHODS A systematic search using ERIC, SPORTDiscus, PubMed, PsycINFO, Academic Search Premier, and Web of Science was conducted to identify the correlates of the MVPA of secondary school students in PE. Studies were eligible if they were English published articles and examined the association with MVPA during secondary school PE lessons and cross-sectional and prospective longitudinal quantitative studies. Two reviewers independently examined the articles, assessed their methodological quality, and performed data extraction. The correlates of MVPA were synthesised and further assessed semiquantitatively. RESULTS Fifty-five studies were identified to correlate with secondary school students' MVPA in PE lessons. Further analysis only included 43 studies (78.2%) that were of medium and high quality by methodological quality assessment. Out of 54 variables identified from these medium and high-quality studies, 11 were consistently associated with the MVPA. Sex (boys), ethnicity (White), class gender (boys-only), PE activities (team games), lesson location (outdoors), expectancy beliefs, subjective task values, and enjoyment were consistently and positively associated with MVPA. Other variables, namely, class gender (girls-only), PE activities (movement activities), and lesson context (knowledge), were consistently and negatively related to MVPA. CONCLUSIONS Interventions focusing on the consistent variables are needed to build active lesson time in PE. This review also provides insights for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Zhou
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| |
Collapse
|