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Poungou N, Sevidzem SL, Koumba AA, Koumba CRZ, Mbehang P, Onanga R, Zahouli JZB, Maganga GD, Djogbénou LS, Borrmann S, Adegnika AA, Becker SC, Mavoungou JF, Nguéma RM. Mosquito-Borne Arboviruses Occurrence and Distribution in the Last Three Decades in Central Africa: A Systematic Literature Review. Microorganisms 2023; 12:4. [PMID: 38276174 PMCID: PMC10819313 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses represent a real public health problem globally and in the Central African subregion in particular, which represents a high-risk zone for the emergence and re-emergence of arbovirus outbreaks. Furthermore, an updated review on the current arbovirus burden and associated mosquito vectors is lacking for this region. To contribute to filling this knowledge gap, the current study was designed with the following objectives: (i) to systematically review data on the occurrence and distribution of arboviruses and mosquito fauna; and (ii) to identify potential spillover mosquito species in the Central African region in the last 30 years. A web search enabled the documentation of 2454 articles from different online databases. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and the quality of reporting of meta-analyses (QUORUM) steps for a systematic review enabled the selection of 164 articles that fulfilled our selection criteria. Of the six arboviruses (dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), yellow fever virus (YFV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), and West Nile virus (WNV)) of public health concern studied, the most frequently reported were chikungunya and dengue. The entomological records showed >248 species of mosquitoes regrouped under 15 genera, with Anopheles (n = 100 species), Culex (n = 56 species), and Aedes (n = 52 species) having high species diversity. Three genera were rarely represented, with only one species included, namely, Orthopodomyia, Lutzia, and Verrallina, but individuals of the genera Toxorhinchites and Finlayas were not identified at the species level. We found that two Aedes species (Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus) colonised the same microhabitat and were involved in major epidemics of the six medically important arboviruses, and other less-frequently identified mosquito genera consisted of competent species and were associated with outbreaks of medical and zoonotic arboviruses. The present study reveals a high species richness of competent mosquito vectors that could lead to the spillover of medically important arboviruses in the region. Although epidemiological studies were found, they were not regularly documented, and this also applies to vector competence and transmission studies. Future studies will consider unpublished information in dissertations and technical reports from different countries to allow their information to be more consistent. A regional project, entitled "Ecology of Arboviruses" (EcoVir), is underway in three countries (Gabon, Benin, and Cote d'Ivoire) to generate a more comprehensive epidemiological and entomological data on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Poungou
- Ecole Doctorale Regionale en Infectiologie Tropical de Franceville (EDR), University of Science and Technique of Masuku (USTM), Franceville P.O. Box 943, Gabon;
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Maladies Transmissibles (LEMAT), Université Libreville Nord (ULN), Libreville P.O. Box 1177, Gabon
| | - Silas Lendzele Sevidzem
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Maladies Transmissibles (LEMAT), Université Libreville Nord (ULN), Libreville P.O. Box 1177, Gabon
| | - Aubin Armel Koumba
- Département de Biologie et Ecologie Animale, Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale (IRET-CENAREST), Libreville P.O. Box 13354, Gabon
| | - Christophe Roland Zinga Koumba
- Département de Biologie et Ecologie Animale, Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale (IRET-CENAREST), Libreville P.O. Box 13354, Gabon
| | - Phillipe Mbehang
- Département de Biologie et Ecologie Animale, Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale (IRET-CENAREST), Libreville P.O. Box 13354, Gabon
| | - Richard Onanga
- Center of Interdisciplinary Medical Analysis of Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville P.O. Box 769, Gabon
| | - Julien Zahouli Bi Zahouli
- Centre d’Entomologie Médicale et Vétérinaire, Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouaké 01 BPV 18, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Gael Darren Maganga
- Center of Interdisciplinary Medical Analysis of Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville P.O. Box 769, Gabon
| | - Luc Salako Djogbénou
- Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Institut Régional de Santé Publique, Ouidah P.O. Box 384, Benin
| | - Steffen Borrmann
- Institute for Tropical Medicine (ITM), University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ayola Akim Adegnika
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné P.O. Box 242, Gabon
| | - Stefanie C. Becker
- Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Jacques François Mavoungou
- Département de Biologie et Ecologie Animale, Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale (IRET-CENAREST), Libreville P.O. Box 13354, Gabon
| | - Rodrigue Mintsa Nguéma
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Maladies Transmissibles (LEMAT), Université Libreville Nord (ULN), Libreville P.O. Box 1177, Gabon
- Département de Biologie et Ecologie Animale, Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale (IRET-CENAREST), Libreville P.O. Box 13354, Gabon
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Kayange N, Hau DK, Pain K, Mshana SE, Peck R, Gehring S, Groendahl B, Koliopoulos P, Revocatus B, Msaki EB, Malande O. Seroprevalence of Dengue and Chikungunya Virus Infections in Children Living in Sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1662. [PMID: 37892325 PMCID: PMC10605353 DOI: 10.3390/children10101662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Dengue and chikungunya viruses are frequent causes of malarial-like febrile illness in children. The rapid increase in virus transmission by mosquitoes is a global health concern. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the childhood prevalence of dengue and chikungunya in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A comprehensive search of the MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), and Cochrane Library (Wiley) databases was conducted on 28 June 2019, and updated on 12 February 2022. The search strategy was designed to retrieve all articles pertaining to arboviruses in SSA children using both controlled vocabulary and keywords. The pooled (weighted) proportion of dengue and chikungunya was estimated using a random effect model. The overall pooled prevalence of dengue and chikungunya in SSA children was estimated to be 16% and 7%, respectively. Prevalence was slightly lower during the period 2010-2020 compared to 2000-2009. The study design varied depending on the healthcare facility reporting the disease outbreak. Importantly, laboratory methods used to detect arbovirus infections differed. The present review documents the prevalence of dengue and chikungunya in pediatric patients throughout SSA. The results provide unprecedented insight into the transmission of dengue and chikungunya viruses among these children and highlight the need for enhanced surveillance and controlled methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neema Kayange
- Department of Pediatrics, Bugando Medical Centre, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania;
| | - Duncan K Hau
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Kevin Pain
- Samuel J. Wood Library and C.V. Starr Biomedical Information Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Stephen E Mshana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania;
| | - Robert Peck
- Department of Pediatrics, Bugando Medical Centre, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania;
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Center for Global Health, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stephan Gehring
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.G.); (B.G.); (P.K.)
| | - Britta Groendahl
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.G.); (B.G.); (P.K.)
| | - Philip Koliopoulos
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.G.); (B.G.); (P.K.)
| | - Baraka Revocatus
- Department of Data and Statistics, Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza P.O. Box 1370, Tanzania;
| | - Evarist B Msaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza P.O. Box 1370, Tanzania;
| | - Ombeva Malande
- East Africa Centre for Vaccines and Immunization (ECAVI), Kampala P.O. Box 3040, Uganda;
- Department of Public Health Phamarmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria P.O. Box 60, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda
- Department of Public Health, UNICAF University, Lusaka P.O. Box 20842, Zambia
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Prakash P, Gupta E, Nareda P, Gupta E, Agarwal R, Ashopa V, Beelwal A. Seroprevalence and incidence of primary dengue infection and its correlation with fetomaternal prognosis in Western Rajasthan. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:1525-1530. [PMID: 37767431 PMCID: PMC10521835 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1176_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Viral hemorrhagic fevers are becoming increasingly common in the tropics and subtropics. Dengue fever is currently the most important arthropod-borne viral disease because of its widespread distribution in more than 100 countries and its potential for extensive outbreaks of life-threatening disease. Material and Methods This study was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted in the Microbiology Laboratory of Maternal and Child Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Rajasthan, India, between January 2021 and December 2021. Institutional Ethical Committee permission was obtained. All patients with clinical suspicion of dengue-like illness (DLI), attending outpatient department (OPD) or inpatient department (IPD), were included in the study after obtaining their written consent. A blood sample was collected, and the Dengue Duo rapid card test was conducted for the detection of nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen and immunoglobulin (Ig) M or IgG antibody estimation. All positive samples were tested for IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test using MAC-ELISA. Results Of 250 positive sample, the distribution of cases as per clinical features was as follows: all cases presented with fever (100%) followed by myalgia (24.5%), headache (16.06%), hemorrhagic manifestation (13.25%), rash (8.84%), and bleeding gums (2.01%). Thrombocytopenia was seen in 30.40% (76/250) of dengue fever cases. NS1 antigen was detected in 157 cases (62.80%) followed by IgG in 84 cases (33.60%), IgM in 77 cases (30.80%), NS1+IgG in 27 cases (10.80%), NS1 + IgM in 16 cases (6.40%), and NS1 + IgM + IgG in five cases (2%). Of 250 samples, 77 cases were IgM positive and 173 were IgM negative by the Dengue Duo card test. Among the 173 Dengue Duo IgM card negative, 131 cases (79.39%) were also detected negative by IgM ELISA and 42 cases (49.41%) were detected positive by IgM ELISA. The sensitivity was 50.59%, the specificity was 79.39%, the positive predictive value (PPV) was 55.84%, the negative predictive value (NPV) was 75.72%, and the diagnostic accuracy was 69.90%. The case fatality of the cases was 2.35%. Conclusion Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent mortality in pediatric and pregnant females suffering from dengue and dengue-like illness. Facility and availability of ELISA kits should be adequate for early confirmation of suspected dengue patients by ELISA test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhu Prakash
- Microbiolgy, Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ekta Gupta
- Orthodontics, AIIMS, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pooja Nareda
- Microbiolgy, Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Eshank Gupta
- Microbiolgy, Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Richa Agarwal
- Microbiolgy, Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vishakha Ashopa
- Microbiolgy, Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anjali Beelwal
- Microbiolgy, Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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Shimelis T, Mulu A, Mengesha M, Alemu A, Mihret A, Tadesse BT, Bartlett AW, Belay FW, Schierhout G, Dittrich S, Crump JA, Vaz Nery S, Kaldor JM. Detection of dengue virus infection in children presenting with fever in Hawassa, southern Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7997. [PMID: 37198392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral infection, with rising incidence globally. Eastern Ethiopia has had dengue fever outbreaks in recent years. However, the extent to which the infection contributes to hospital presentation among children with fever in southern Ethiopia is unknown. We examined 407 stored plasma samples collected to investigate the aetiology of fever in children aged at least 2 months and under 13 years presenting to the outpatient of the largest tertiary hospital in southern Ethiopia. We analyzed samples for dengue virus non-structural 1 antigen using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The median (interquartile range) age of the 407 children examined was 20 (10-48) months, and 166 (40.8%) of the children were females. Of 407 samples analyzed, 9 (2.2%) were positive for dengue virus non-structural 1 antigen, of whom 2 were initially treated with antimalarial drugs despite having negative malaria microscopy, and 1 of the 8 patients had a persistent fever at the seventh day of follow-up time. The presence of active dengue virus infection in the study area highlights the need for studies at the community level as well as the integration of dengue diagnostics into fever-management strategies. Further research to characterize circulating strains is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Techalew Shimelis
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
| | | | | | - Aynalem Alemu
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Adane Mihret
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Adam W Bartlett
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Gill Schierhout
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sabine Dittrich
- Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Deggendorf Institut of Technology, European Campus Rottal-Inn, Deggendorf, Germany
| | - John A Crump
- Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Susana Vaz Nery
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - John M Kaldor
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Ali IM, Tchuenkam VPK, Colton M, Stittleburg V, Mitchell C, Gaither C, Thwai K, Espinoza DO, Zhu Y, Jamal H, Key A, Juliano JJ, Christopher TB, Piantadosi A, Waggoner JJ, Collins MH. Arboviruses as an unappreciated cause of non-malarial acute febrile illness in the Dschang Health District of western Cameroon. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010790. [PMID: 36223421 PMCID: PMC9591055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute febrile illness is a common problem managed by clinicians and health systems globally, particularly in the Tropics. In many regions, malaria is a leading and potentially deadly cause of fever; however, myriad alternative etiologies exist. Identifying the cause of fever allows optimal management, but this depends on many factors including thorough knowledge of circulating infections. Arboviruses such as dengue (DENV) cause fever and may be underdiagnosed in sub-Saharan Africa where malaria is a major focus. We examined cases of fever in western Cameroon that tested negative for malaria and found 13.5% (13/96) were due to DENV, with 75% (9/12) of these being DENV serotype 2 infections. Two complete DENV2 genomes were obtained and clustered closely to recent isolates from Senegal and Burkina Faso. The seroprevalence of DENV in this region was 24.8% (96/387). Neutralizing antibodies to DENV2 were detected in all (15/15) seropositive samples tested. Chikungunya (CHIKV) is an arthritogenic alphavirus that is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, the same principal vector as DENV. The seroprevalence for CHIKV was 15.7% (67/427); however, CHIKV did not cause a single case of fever in the 96 subjects tested. Of note, being seropositive for one arbovirus was associated with being seropositive for the other (Χ2 = 16.8, p<0.001). Taken together, these data indicate that Aedes-transmitted arboviruses are endemic in western Cameroon and are likely a common but underappreciated cause of febrile illness. This work supports the need for additional study of arboviruses in sub-Saharan Africa and efforts to improve diagnostic capacity, surveillance systems, and arbovirus prevention strategies. Acute illness with fever is common but can be challenging for clinicians to manage, particularly in resource-limited settings. In sub-Saharan Africa, malaria is a major cause of fever, but other causes of fever are poorly documented or monitored, which impairs optimal medical care to patients and implementation of public health interventions to control leading causes of disease. Viruses transmitted by mosquitoes are a prevalent and expanding problem throughout the tropics and beyond; however, there is concern that these infections frequently go undetected in sub-Saharan Africa. We discovered a previously unrecognized outbreak of dengue virus in western Cameroon by testing remnant samples from over 400 patients that presented with fever. Our results indicate that dengue has circulated in this region for decades with little recognition. This study adds important information about causes of fever in sub-Saharan Africa and advocates for increasing investment in surveillance systems and prevention strategies for mosquito-borne viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent M. Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, West Region of Cameroon, Cameroon
| | - Valery P. K. Tchuenkam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, West Region of Cameroon, Cameroon
| | - Mia Colton
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Victoria Stittleburg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Cedar Mitchell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Claudia Gaither
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kyaw Thwai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Daniel O. Espinoza
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yerun Zhu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Haaris Jamal
- Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Autum Key
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jonathan J. Juliano
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Tume B. Christopher
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, West Region of Cameroon, Cameroon
| | - Anne Piantadosi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jesse J. Waggoner
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Matthew H. Collins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Serological Evidence of Hepatitis B and E and Dengue Coinfection in Chadian Patients and Impact on Lipidemia Profile. Int J Hepatol 2022; 2022:8373061. [PMID: 36158230 PMCID: PMC9507763 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8373061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Viral hepatitis is an endemic disease in Chad. However, few studies have documented coinfection cases and their impact on cardiovascular risk. This study is aimed at analyzing hepatitis B, E and dengue coinfection in a Chadian cohort and gauge its effect on lipidemia. Patients and Methods. From February to May 2021, 179 subjects were recruited from the Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine of the National Reference University Hospital of N'Djamena and tested for viral hepatitis markers, including HBsAg and IgM/IgG anti-HEV and dengue infection, using the NS1/IgM/IgG kit. Serum transaminases and biomarkers of lipid profiles were assayed by colorimetry, and atherogenic indexes (AI) and coronary risk (CRI) were calculated. RESULTS Of the 179 subjects surveyed, 21.22% (38/179) tested positive for hepatitis B, 20% (27/135) for hepatitis E, and 1.66% (2/120) for dengue. However, most of the patients were found to be asymptomatic. Hepatitis B/E coinfection was more frequent in the study population (5.02%; 9/179) than dengue/hepatitis E coinfection (0.83%; 1/120; IgM). The prevalence of anti-HEV IgG antibodies was higher (18.52%) than that of IgM (1.48%). Furthermore, IgG antibodies levels in HEV-monoinfected subjects (11.05 ± 1.93 IU/mL, N = 15) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in coinfected patients (5.40 ± 1.31 IU/mL, N = 9). Subjects coinfected with HEV/HBV were associated with a significantly higher risk of lipodystrophy (coronary risk: 88.89% vs. 35.3%, relative risk (RR) = 2.55; p = 0.014), than HEV-monoinfected subjects, as evidenced by higher mean levels of triglycerides levels (219.88 ± 14.67 mg/dL vs. 191.82 ± 4.66 mg/dL, p < 0.05), more reduced HDL-C levels (9.05 ± 1.62 mg/dL vs. 18.93 ± 2.35 mg/dL, p < 0.05), increased mean CRI (13.81 ± 2.39 vs. 6.89 ± 1.93, p < 0.01), and AI (1.46 ± 0.10 vs. 1.05 ± 0.05, p < 0.01) values. However, they had normal transaminase values and a lower risk of developing a liver injury, although not significant (alanine aminotransferase: 0% vs. 29.4%, RR = 1, p = 0.128; aspartate aminotransferase: 0% vs. 5.88%, p = 1) than this group. CONCLUSION HBV/HEV coinfection is frequent in the Chadian cohort and associated with an important risk of dyslipidemia. Further research is required to elucidate the mechanism of action.
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Djiappi-Tchamen B, Nana-Ndjangwo MS, Nchoutpouen E, Makoudjou I, Ngangue-Siewe IN, Talipouo A, Mayi MPA, Awono-Ambene P, Wondji C, Tchuinkam T, Antonio-Nkondjio C. Aedes Mosquito Surveillance Using Ovitraps, Sweep Nets, and Biogent Traps in the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon. INSECTS 2022; 13:793. [PMID: 36135494 PMCID: PMC9500714 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Arbovirus diseases represent a significant public health problem in Cameroon and vector surveillance is a key component of prevention strategies. However, there is still not enough evidence of the efficacy of different sampling methods used to monitor Aedes mosquito population dynamic in different epidemiological settings. The present study provides data on the evaluation of ovitraps and different adult sampling methods in the city of Yaoundé and its close vicinity. Entomological surveys were carried out from February 2020 to March 2021 in two urban (Obili, Mvan), two peri-urban (Simbock, Ahala), and two rural (Lendom, Elig-essomballa) sites in the city of Yaoundé. The efficacy of three sampling methods, namely ovitraps, Biogent Sentinel trap, and sweep nets, was evaluated. Different ovitrap indices were used to assess the infestation levels across study sites; a general linear model was used to determine if there are statistical differences between positive ovitraps across ecological zones. A total of 16,264 Aedes mosquitoes were collected during entomological surveys. Ovitraps provided the highest mosquito abundance (15,323; 91.14%) and the highest species diversity. Of the five Aedes species collected, Aedes albopictus (59.74%) was the most commonly recorded in both urban and rural settings. Different Aedes species were collected in the same ovitrap. The ovitrap positivity index was high in all sites and varied from 58.3% in Obili in the urban area to 86.08% in Lendom in the rural area. The egg density index varied from 6.42 in Mvan (urban site) to 13.70 in Lendom (rural area). Adult sampling methods recorded mostly Aedes albopictus. The present study supports high infestation of Aedes species in the city of Yaoundé. Ovitraps were highly efficient in detecting Aedes distribution across study sites. The situation calls for regular surveillance and control of Aedes population to prevent sudden occurrence of outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borel Djiappi-Tchamen
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Research Unit Biology and Applied Ecology (VBID-RUBAE), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 067, Cameroon
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon
| | - Mariette Stella Nana-Ndjangwo
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Department of Animal Physiology and Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 337, Cameroon
| | - Elysée Nchoutpouen
- Centre for Research in Infectious Disease (CRID), Yaoundé P.O. Box 13591, Cameroon
| | - Idene Makoudjou
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Department of Animal Physiology and Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 337, Cameroon
| | - Idriss Nasser Ngangue-Siewe
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Animal Organisms, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Douala P.O. Box 24157, Cameroon
| | - Abdou Talipouo
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Department of Animal Physiology and Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 337, Cameroon
| | - Marie Paul Audrey Mayi
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Research Unit Biology and Applied Ecology (VBID-RUBAE), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 067, Cameroon
| | - Parfait Awono-Ambene
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon
| | - Charles Wondji
- Centre for Research in Infectious Disease (CRID), Yaoundé P.O. Box 13591, Cameroon
- Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Timoléon Tchuinkam
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Research Unit Biology and Applied Ecology (VBID-RUBAE), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 067, Cameroon
| | - Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon
- Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
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8
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Nemg FBS, Abanda NN, Yonga MG, Ouapi D, Samme IE, Djoumetio MD, Endegue-Zanga MC, Demanou M, Njouom R. Sustained circulation of yellow fever virus in Cameroon: an analysis of laboratory surveillance data, 2010-2020. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:418. [PMID: 35488234 PMCID: PMC9055699 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07407-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The re-emergence of yellow fever poses a serious public health risk to unimmunized communities in the tropical regions of Africa and South America and unvaccinated travelers visiting these regions. This risk is further accentuated by the likely spread of the virus to areas with potential for yellow fever transmission such as in Asia, Europe, and North America. To mitigate this risk, surveillance of yellow fever is pivotal. We performed an analysis of laboratory-based surveillance of yellow fever suspected cases in Cameroon during 2010-2020 to characterize the epidemiology of yellow fever cases and define health districts at high risk. METHOD We reviewed IgM capture ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) test results of all suspected yellow fever patients analyzed at Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, the national yellow fever testing laboratory, during 2010-2020. RESULTS Of the 20,261 yellow fever suspected patient's samples that were tested, yellow fever IgM antibodies were detected in 360 patients representing an annual average of 33 cases/year. A major increase in YF IgM positive cases was observed in 2015 and in 2016 followed by a decrease in cases to below pre-2015 levels. The majority of the 2015 cases occurred during the latter part of the year while those in 2016, occurred between February and May. This trend may be due to an increase in transmission that began in late 2015 and continued to early 2016 or due to two separate transmission events. In 2016, where the highest number of cases were detected, 60 health districts in the 10 regions of Cameroon were affected with the Littoral, Northwest and, Far North regions being the most affected. After 2016, the number of detected yellow fever IgM positive cases dropped. CONCLUSION Our study shows that yellow fever transmission continues to persist and seems to be occurring all over Cameroon with all 10 regions under surveillance reporting a case. Preventive measures such as mass vaccination campaigns and routine childhood immunizations are urgently needed to increase population immunity. The diagnostic limitations in our analysis highlight the need to strengthen laboratory capacity and improve case investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ngu Njei Abanda
- Virology Unit, Virology Service, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, 451 Rue 2005, BP 1274, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Martial Gide Yonga
- Virology Unit, Virology Service, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, 451 Rue 2005, BP 1274, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Diane Ouapi
- Virology Unit, Virology Service, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, 451 Rue 2005, BP 1274, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Ivis Ewang Samme
- Expanded Programme on Immunization, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Maurice Demanou
- World Health Organization, Inter-Country Support Team West Africa, 03 BP 7019, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Richard Njouom
- Virology Unit, Virology Service, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, 451 Rue 2005, BP 1274, Yaounde, Cameroon
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9
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Prattay KMR, Sarkar MR, Shafiullah AZM, Islam MS, Raihan SZ, Sharmin N. A retrospective study on the socio-demographic factors and clinical parameters of dengue disease and their effects on the clinical course and recovery of the patients in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010297. [PMID: 35377886 PMCID: PMC8979461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue, a mosquito transmitted febrile viral disease, is a serious public health concern in Bangladesh. Despite significant number of incidences and reported deaths each year, there are inadequate number of studies relating the temporal trends of the clinical parameters as well as socio-demographic factors with the clinical course of the disease. Therefore, this study aims to associate the clinical parameters, demographic and behavioral factors of the dengue patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh during the 2019 outbreak of dengue with the clinical course of the disease. Data were collected from the 336 confirmed dengue in-patients and analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software. Majority of the patients were male (2.2 times higher than female) who required longer time to recover compared to females (p < 0.01), urban resident (54.35%) and belonged to the age group of 18–40 years (73.33%). Dengue fever (90.77%) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (5.95%) were reported in most of the dengue patients while fever (98%) was the most frequently observed symptom. A significantly positive association was found between patient’s age and number of manifested symptoms (p = 0.013). Average duration of stay in the hospital was 4.9 days (SD = 1.652) and patient’s recovery time was positively correlated with delayed hospitalization (p < 0.01). Additionally, recovery time was negatively correlated with initial blood pressure (both systolic (p = 0.001, and diastolic (p = 0.023)) and platelet count (p = 0.003) of the patients recorded on the first day of hospitalization. Finally, a statistical model was developed which predicted that, hospital stay could be positively associated with an increasing trend of temperature, systolic blood pressure and reduced platelets count. Findings of this study may be beneficial to better understand the clinical course of the disease, identify the potential risk factors and ensure improved patient management during future dengue outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md. Raihan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Saiful Islam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Zahir Raihan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nahid Sharmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
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Tajudeen YA, Oladunjoye IO, Mustapha MO, Mustapha ST, Ajide-Bamigboye NT. Tackling the global health threat of arboviruses: An appraisal of the three holistic approaches to health. Health Promot Perspect 2021; 11:371-381. [PMID: 35079581 PMCID: PMC8767080 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2021.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The rapid circulation of arboviruses in the human population has been linked with changes in climatic, environmental, and socio-economic conditions. These changes are known to alter the transmission cycles of arboviruses involving the anthropophilic vectors and thus facilitate an extensive geographical distribution of medically important arboviral diseases, thereby posing a significant health threat. Using our current understanding and assessment of relevant literature, this review aimed to understand the underlying factors promoting the spread of arboviruses and how the three most renowned interdisciplinary and holistic approaches to health such as One Health, Eco-Health, and Planetary Health can be a panacea for control of arboviruses. Methods: A comprehensive structured search of relevant databases such as Medline, PubMed, WHO, Scopus, Science Direct, DOAJ, AJOL, and Google Scholar was conducted to identify recent articles on arboviruses and holistic approaches to health using the keywords including "arboviral diseases", "arbovirus vectors", "arboviral infections", "epidemiology of arboviruses", "holistic approaches", "One Health", "Eco-Health", and "Planetary Health". Results: Changes in climatic factors like temperature, humidity, and precipitation support the growth, breeding, and fecundity of arthropod vectors transmitting the arboviral diseases. Increased human migration and urbanization due to socio-economic factors play an important role in population increase leading to the rapid geographical distribution of arthropod vectors and transmission of arboviral diseases. Medical factors like misdiagnosis and misclassification also contribute to the spread of arboviruses. Conclusion: This review highlights two important findings: First, climatic, environmental, socio-economic, and medical factors influence the constant distributions of arthropod vectors. Second, either of the three holistic approaches or a combination of any two can be adopted on arboviral disease control. Our findings underline the need for holistic approaches as the best strategy to mitigating and controlling the emerging and reemerging arboviruses.
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11
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Bamou R, Mayi MPA, Djiappi-Tchamen B, Nana-Ndjangwo SM, Nchoutpouen E, Cornel AJ, Awono-Ambene P, Parola P, Tchuinkam T, Antonio-Nkondjio C. An update on the mosquito fauna and mosquito-borne diseases distribution in Cameroon. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:527. [PMID: 34635176 PMCID: PMC8507310 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04950-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The expansion of mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue, yellow fever, and chikungunya in the past 15 years has ignited the need for active surveillance of common and neglected mosquito-borne infectious diseases. The surveillance should be designed to detect diseases and to provide relevant field-based data for developing and implementing effective control measures to prevent outbreaks before significant public health consequences can occur. Mosquitoes are important vectors of human and animal pathogens, and knowledge on their biodiversity and distribution in the Afrotropical region is needed for the development of evidence-based vector control strategies. Following a comprehensive literature search, an inventory of the diversity and distribution of mosquitoes as well as the different mosquito-borne diseases found in Cameroon was made. A total of 290 publications/reports and the mosquito catalogue website were consulted for the review. To date, about 307 species, four subspecies and one putative new species of Culicidae, comprising 60 species and one putative new species of Anopheles, 67 species and two subspecies of Culex, 77 species and one subspecies of Aedes, 31 species and one subspecies of Eretmapodites, two Mansonia, eight Coquillettidia, and 62 species with unknown medical and veterinary importance (Toxorhynchites, Uranotaenia, Mimomyia, Malaya, Hodgesia, Ficalbia, Orthopodomyia, Aedeomyia, and Culiseta and Lutzia) have been collected in Cameroon. Multiple mosquito species implicated in the transmission of pathogens within Anopheles, Culex, Aedes, Eretmapodites, Mansonia, and Coquillettidia have been reported in Cameroon. Furthermore, the presence of 26 human and zoonotic arboviral diseases, one helminthic disease, and two protozoal diseases has been reported. Information on the bionomics, taxonomy, and distribution of mosquito species will be useful for the development of integrated vector management programmes for the surveillance and elimination of mosquito-borne diseases in Cameroon. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Bamou
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Biology and Applied Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science of the University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon. .,Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé, Cameroon. .,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, UMR Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), Marseille, France. .,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
| | - Marie Paul Audrey Mayi
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Biology and Applied Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science of the University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Borel Djiappi-Tchamen
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Biology and Applied Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science of the University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.,Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Stella Mariette Nana-Ndjangwo
- Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Laboratoire de Parasitologie et d'écologie, Université de Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Elysée Nchoutpouen
- Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Antony John Cornel
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Mosquito Control Research Laboratory, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Parfait Awono-Ambene
- Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Phillipe Parola
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, UMR Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Timoléon Tchuinkam
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Biology and Applied Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science of the University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio
- Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
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12
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Djiappi-Tchamen B, Nana-Ndjangwo MS, Tchuinkam T, Makoudjou I, Nchoutpouen E, Kopya E, Talipouo A, Bamou R, Mayi MPA, Awono-Ambene P, Wondji C, Antonio-Nkondjio C. Aedes Mosquito Distribution along a Transect from Rural to Urban Settings in Yaoundé, Cameroon. INSECTS 2021; 12:819. [PMID: 34564259 PMCID: PMC8471432 DOI: 10.3390/insects12090819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The surveillance of mosquito vectors is important for the control of arboviruses diseases worldwide. Detailed information on the bionomics and distribution of their main vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, is essential for assessing disease transmission risk and for better planning of control interventions. METHODS Entomological surveys were carried out from November 2019 to November 2020 in six localities of Yaoundé city following a transect from urban to rural settings: two urban (Obili, Mvan), two peri-urban (Simbock, Ahala) and two rural areas (Lendom, Elig-essomballa)-during rainy and dry seasons. All water containers were inspected. Aedes mosquito abundance, species distribution and seasonal distribution patterns were compared using generalized linear models. Stegomyia indexes were estimated to determine the risk of arbovirus transmission. RESULTS A total of 6332 mosquitoes larvae were collected (2342 in urban areas, 1694 in peri-urban areas and 2296 in rural sites). Aedes species recorded included Ae. albopictus, Ae. aegytpi, Ae. simpsoni and Aedes spp. High mosquito abundance was registered in the rainy season (4706) compared to the dry season (1626) (p < 0.0001). Ae. albopictus was the most abundant Aedes species in urban (96.89%) and peri-urban (95.09%) sites whereas Ae. aegypti was more prevalent in rural sites (68.56%) (p < 0.0001). Both species were found together in 71 larval habitats. Ae. albopictus was mostly found in discarded tires (42.51%), whereas Ae. aegypti was more prevalent in plastic containers used for storing water (65.87%). The majority of Aedes mosquitoes' breeding places were situated close to human dwellings (0-10 m). CONCLUSION Uncontrolled urbanization seems to greatly favour the presence of Aedes mosquito species around human dwellings in Yaoundé. Controlling Aedes mosquito distribution is becoming urgent to reduce the risk of arbovirus outbreaks in the city of Yaoundé.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borel Djiappi-Tchamen
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Research Unit Biology and Applied Ecology (VBID-RUBAE), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 067, Cameroon; (B.D.-T.); (T.T.); (R.B.); (M.P.A.M.)
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon; (M.S.N.-N.); (I.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (P.A.-A.)
| | - Mariette Stella Nana-Ndjangwo
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon; (M.S.N.-N.); (I.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (P.A.-A.)
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 337, Cameroon
| | - Timoléon Tchuinkam
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Research Unit Biology and Applied Ecology (VBID-RUBAE), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 067, Cameroon; (B.D.-T.); (T.T.); (R.B.); (M.P.A.M.)
| | - Idene Makoudjou
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon; (M.S.N.-N.); (I.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (P.A.-A.)
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 337, Cameroon
| | - Elysée Nchoutpouen
- Centre for Research in Infectious Disease (CRID), Yaoundé P.O. Box 13591, Cameroon; (E.N.); (C.W.)
| | - Edmond Kopya
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon; (M.S.N.-N.); (I.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (P.A.-A.)
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 337, Cameroon
| | - Abdou Talipouo
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon; (M.S.N.-N.); (I.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (P.A.-A.)
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 337, Cameroon
| | - Roland Bamou
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Research Unit Biology and Applied Ecology (VBID-RUBAE), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 067, Cameroon; (B.D.-T.); (T.T.); (R.B.); (M.P.A.M.)
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon; (M.S.N.-N.); (I.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (P.A.-A.)
| | - Marie Paul Audrey Mayi
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Research Unit Biology and Applied Ecology (VBID-RUBAE), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 067, Cameroon; (B.D.-T.); (T.T.); (R.B.); (M.P.A.M.)
| | - Parfait Awono-Ambene
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon; (M.S.N.-N.); (I.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (P.A.-A.)
| | - Charles Wondji
- Centre for Research in Infectious Disease (CRID), Yaoundé P.O. Box 13591, Cameroon; (E.N.); (C.W.)
- Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon; (M.S.N.-N.); (I.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (P.A.-A.)
- Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
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13
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Mwanyika GO, Sindato C, Rugarabamu S, Rumisha SF, Karimuribo ED, Misinzo G, Rweyemamu MM, Abdel Hamid MM, Haider N, Vairo F, Kock R, Mboera LEG. Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of chikungunya, dengue, and Zika in eight districts in Tanzania. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 111:271-280. [PMID: 34428546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of chikungunya (CHIKV), dengue (DENV), and Zika (ZIKV) viruses in Tanzania. METHODS The study covered the districts of Buhigwe, Kalambo, Kilindi, Kinondoni, Kondoa, Kyela, Mvomero, and Ukerewe in Tanzania. Blood samples were collected from individuals recruited from households and healthcare facilities. An ELISA was used to screen for immunoglobulin G antibodies against CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV. RESULTS A total of 1818 participants (median age 34 years) were recruited. The overall CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV seroprevalence rates were 28.0%, 16.1%, and 6.8%, respectively. CHIKV prevalence was highest in Buhigwe (46.8%), DENV in Kinondoni (43.8%), and ZIKV in Ukerewe (10.6%) and Mvomero (10.6%). Increasing age and frequent mosquito bites were significantly associated with CHIKV and DENV seropositivity (P < 0.05). Having piped water or the presence of stagnant water around the home (P < 0.01) were associated with higher odds of DENV seropositivity. Fever was significantly associated with increased odds of CHIKV seropositivity (P < 0.001). Visiting mines had higher odds of ZIKV seropositivity (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that DENV, CHIKV, and ZIKV are circulating in diverse ecological zones of Tanzania. There is a need to strengthen the control of mosquito-borne viral diseases in Tanzania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspary O Mwanyika
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - Calvin Sindato
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Tabora Research Centre, Tabora, Tanzania.
| | - Sima Rugarabamu
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - Susan F Rumisha
- National Institute for Medical Research, Headquarters, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Malaria Atlas Project, Geospatial Health and Development, Telethon Kids Institute, West Perth, Western Australia.
| | - Esron D Karimuribo
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - Gerald Misinzo
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - Mark M Rweyemamu
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - Muzamil M Abdel Hamid
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Medical Campus, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Najmul Haider
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.
| | - Francesco Vairo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy.
| | - Richard Kock
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.
| | - Leonard E G Mboera
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
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14
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Galani BRT, Mapouokam DW, Simo FBN, Mohamadou H, Chuisseu PDD, Njintang NY, Moundipa PF. Investigation of dengue-malaria coinfection among febrile patients consulting at Ngaoundere Regional Hospital, Cameroon. J Med Virol 2021; 93:3350-3361. [PMID: 33325045 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the seroprevalence of dengue among malarious patients consulting at the Ngaoundere Regional Hospital. During 2 months and a half, 174 participants were recruited and their blood samples were screened for Plasmodium spp and then for Dengue virus (DENV) infection using rapid diagnostic tests. Also, hematological asparameters were measured using a hematology autoanalyzer. Among patients tested, 134 (77.01%) were malaria-positive, and 12/134 (8.95%) were coinfected. In this population, 8/12 (66.67%) were only anti-DENV IgM-positive, 3/12 (25%) were both NS1 and anti-DENV IgM positive, and 1/12 (8.33%) were anti-DENV IgG-positive. Furthermore, women were more affected (58.3%) than men (41.7%). The most affected age groups were young people aged less than or equal to 15 years (33.3%) and adults aged between 30 and 45 years (33.3%). A significant association (p < .05; odds ratio [OR] = 5.16) was found between the age range (30-45) and dengue-malaria coinfection. Similarly, we noted a significant association between the coinfection, and joint pain (p < .05; OR = 6.15), fatigue (p < .01; OR = 5.74), and chills (p < .05; OR = 0). Analysis of hematologic parameters showed a significant decrease (p < .001) in platelets in coinfected patients compared with monoinfected patients. In conclusion, dengue-malaria coinfection is a reality in Ngaoundere city and associated with the appearance of clinical features which predict the disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borris R T Galani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Danielle W Mapouokam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Fredy B N Simo
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Pascal D D Chuisseu
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangté, Cameroon
| | - Nicolas Y Njintang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Paul F Moundipa
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Mahmood R, Benzadid MS, Weston S, Hossain A, Ahmed T, Mitra DK, Ahmed S. Dengue outbreak 2019: clinical and laboratory profiles of dengue virus infection in Dhaka city. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07183. [PMID: 34141938 PMCID: PMC8188050 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue fever has been one of the most common mosquito-transmitted diseases in the world, affecting more than 128 countries in both tropical and subtropical regions. Bangladesh has been sufferring from dengue outbreaks almost annually since 2000, and in 2019, Bangladesh faced the worst outbreak of dengue to date. This study aimed to provide clinical and biochemical profiles of Bangladesh's dengue-infected patients. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from August through December 2019 in three tertiary private hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh. We collected information on demographic data, clinical characteristics, and laboratory profiles for 542 confirmed hospitalized acute dengue cases using a structured questionnaire. Results The average age of the enrolled patients was 26.15 years, and about 50% of patients belonged to the age group of 20–40 years. The most frequent among the prevalent clinical symptoms were fever (93.1%), abdominal pain (29.5%), skin rash (25.3%), and diarrhea (19.7%). 316 patients had some complications, such as breathing problems (41.4%), pleural effusion (38.9%), gum bleeding (11.1%), etc. More than 90% of the patients showed seropositivity for the DENV-NS1 antigen. Conclusions Over the last couple of years, dengue fever has become a major health issue for Bangladesh. To reduce the burden of this disease, timely diagnosis and prompt treatment are necessary. This analysis thus yields the clinical features, laboratory profiles, and seropositivity test results of dengue patients from Bangladesh. The research results may help clinicians understand the circumstantial diagnosis of dengue patients and facilitate early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudbar Mahmood
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shadly Benzadid
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Sophie Weston
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ahmed Hossain
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Tanveer Ahmed
- Department of Cardiology, United Hospital Ltd, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Dipak Kumar Mitra
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Shakil Ahmed
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
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16
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Djiappi-Tchamen B, Nana-Ndjangwo MS, Mavridis K, Talipouo A, Nchoutpouen E, Makoudjou I, Bamou R, Mayi AMP, Awono-Ambene P, Tchuinkam T, Vontas J, Antonio-Nkondjio C. Analyses of Insecticide Resistance Genes in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus Mosquito Populations from Cameroon. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060828. [PMID: 34071214 PMCID: PMC8229692 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of insecticide resistance in Aedes mosquitoes could pose major challenges for arboviral-borne disease control. In this paper, insecticide susceptibility level and resistance mechanisms were assessed in Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) from urban settings of Cameroon. The F1 progeny of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus collected in Douala, Yaoundé and Dschang from August to December 2020 was tested using WHO tube assays with four insecticides: deltamethrin 0.05%, permethrin 0.75%, DDT 4% and bendiocarb 0.1%. TaqMan, qPCR and RT-qPCR assays were used to detect kdr mutations and the expression profiles of eight detoxification genes. Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from Douala were found to be resistant to DDT, permethrin and deltamethrin. Three kdr mutations, F1534C, V1016G and V1016I were detected in Aedes aegypti populations from Douala and Dschang. The kdr allele F1534C was predominant (90%) in Aedes aegypti and was detected for the first time in Aedes albopictus (2.08%). P450s genes, Cyp9J28 (2.23-7.03 folds), Cyp9M6 (1.49-2.59 folds), Cyp9J32 (1.29-3.75 folds) and GSTD4 (1.34-55.3 folds) were found overexpressed in the Douala and Yaoundé Aedes aegypti populations. The emergence of insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus calls for alternative strategies towards the control and prevention of arboviral vector-borne diseases in Cameroon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borel Djiappi-Tchamen
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 067 Dschang, Cameroon; (R.B.); (A.M.P.M.); (T.T.)
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288 Yaoundé, Cameroon; (M.S.N.-N.); (A.T.); (E.N.); (I.M.); (P.A.-A.)
- Correspondence: (B.D.-T.); (C.A.-N.)
| | - Mariette Stella Nana-Ndjangwo
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288 Yaoundé, Cameroon; (M.S.N.-N.); (A.T.); (E.N.); (I.M.); (P.A.-A.)
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337 Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Konstantinos Mavridis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (K.M.); (J.V.)
| | - Abdou Talipouo
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288 Yaoundé, Cameroon; (M.S.N.-N.); (A.T.); (E.N.); (I.M.); (P.A.-A.)
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337 Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Elysée Nchoutpouen
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288 Yaoundé, Cameroon; (M.S.N.-N.); (A.T.); (E.N.); (I.M.); (P.A.-A.)
| | - Idene Makoudjou
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288 Yaoundé, Cameroon; (M.S.N.-N.); (A.T.); (E.N.); (I.M.); (P.A.-A.)
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337 Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Roland Bamou
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 067 Dschang, Cameroon; (R.B.); (A.M.P.M.); (T.T.)
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288 Yaoundé, Cameroon; (M.S.N.-N.); (A.T.); (E.N.); (I.M.); (P.A.-A.)
| | - Audrey Marie Paul Mayi
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 067 Dschang, Cameroon; (R.B.); (A.M.P.M.); (T.T.)
| | - Parfait Awono-Ambene
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288 Yaoundé, Cameroon; (M.S.N.-N.); (A.T.); (E.N.); (I.M.); (P.A.-A.)
| | - Timoléon Tchuinkam
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 067 Dschang, Cameroon; (R.B.); (A.M.P.M.); (T.T.)
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (K.M.); (J.V.)
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288 Yaoundé, Cameroon; (M.S.N.-N.); (A.T.); (E.N.); (I.M.); (P.A.-A.)
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
- Correspondence: (B.D.-T.); (C.A.-N.)
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17
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Yougang AP, Kamgang B, Bahun TAW, Tedjou AN, Nguiffo-Nguete D, Njiokou F, Wondji CS. First detection of F1534C knockdown resistance mutation in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Cameroon. Infect Dis Poverty 2020; 9:152. [PMID: 33138860 PMCID: PMC7607635 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-020-00769-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aedes borne viral diseases, notably dengue, are increasingly reported in Cameroon with Aedes aegypti being a major vector. Data on insecticide resistance of this vector and underlying mechanisms needed for outbreak preparedness remain scarce in Cameroon. Here, we present the nationwide distribution of insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti and investigate the potential resistance mechanisms involved. Methods Immature stages of Ae. aegypti were collected between March and July 2017 in 13 locations across Cameroon and reared until G1/G2/G3 generation. Larval, adult bioassays, and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) synergist assays were carried out according to World Health Organization guidelines. F1534C mutation was genotyped using allele specific polymerase chain reaction in field collected adults (Go) and the polymorphism of the sodium channel gene was assessed. The χ2 test was used to compare the mortality rate between bioassays with insecticides only and bioassays after preexposure to PBO synergist. Results Larval bioassay revealed that all the three populations tested with temephos were susceptible. Adult bioassays showed a good level of susceptibility toward both pyrethroids tested, 0.25% permethrin and 0.05% deltamethrin, with six out of 10 populations susceptible. However, two populations (Douala and Edéa) were resistant (deltamethrin [73.2–92.5% mortality], permethrin [2.6–76.3% mortality]). The resistance to 4% dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane was observed in four out of 10 populations tested (16.8–87.1% mortality). Resistance was also reported to carbamates including 0.1% propoxur (60.8–87.1% mortality) and to 0.1% bendiocarb (82.9% mortality). All populations tested were fully susceptible to 1% fenitrothion. A partial recovery of susceptibility was observed in the pyrethroid resistant population of Douala after pre-exposed to PBO suggesting the implication of cytochrome P450 monoxygenases permethrin resistance. Genotyping and sequencing detected the F1534C kdr mutation in the two pyrethroid resistant locations of Edéa and Douala, with allelic frequency of 3.3% and 33.3% respectively. However, the high genetic diversity of the sodium channel gene supports the recent introduction of this mutation in Cameroon. Conclusions This study revealed the contrasting resistance profiles to insecticides of Ae. aegypti populations in Cameroon suggesting that, instead of a unique nationwide control approach, a regionally adapted strategy will be needed to control this vector. The localised distribution of the F1534C kdr mutation supports this region-specific control strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie P Yougang
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, P.O. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Parasitology and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Basile Kamgang
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, P.O. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Theodel A Wilson Bahun
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, P.O. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Laboratory of Vertebrate and Invertebrate Bioecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Marien-Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Armel N Tedjou
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, P.O. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Parasitology and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Daniel Nguiffo-Nguete
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, P.O. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Laboratory of Biology and Applied Ecology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 96, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Flobert Njiokou
- Parasitology and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Charles S Wondji
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, P.O. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
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18
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Tchuandom SB, Lissom A, Ateba GHM, Tchouangueu TF, Tchakounte C, Ayuk AR, Atabonkeng EP, Ngong AI, Nchinda G, Kuiate JR. Dengue virus serological markers among potential blood donors: an evidence of asymptomatic dengue virus transmission in Cameroon. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 36:185. [PMID: 32952829 PMCID: PMC7467628 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.36.185.22128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction the risk of dengue virus or its antibodies which can be transmitted through blood transfusion by asymptomatic individuals infected, has been a major concern all over the world. Dengue is an endemic disease in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Cameroon. The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of dengue virus (DENV) infection among potential blood donors at Yaounde Jamot Hospital. Methods serum samples were collected from 310 potential adult blood donors aged 18-57 years, who signed a written informed consent and completed the questionnaire between March 2019 and August 2019. This serum is used to screen for the presence of serological markers of DENV infection (NS1, IgM and IgG) using immunochromatographic tests (Zhuhai Encode Medical Engineering Co., Ltd, China). IgM/IgG positive samples were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Results the overall prevalence was 24.8% among potential blood donors were subdivided as follows: 4.5% (14/310), 12.3% (38/310) and 6.1% (19/310) showed mono-positivity to DENV-NS1 antigen, anti-DENV IgM and anti-DENV IgG antibodies respectively. 1.9% (6/310) of potential blood donors showed dual positivity to anti-DENV IgM antibodies and anti-DENV IgG antibodies. The presence of DENV-NS1 antigen show asymptomatic viremia of dengue at the time of donation, while the presence of IgG antibodies reflects the high endemicity of dengue disease in the city of Yaoundé. Conclusion these findings demonstrate the high level of risk of the DENV transmission among potential blood donors to needy recipients, underscoring the importance of establishing dengue fever blood screening in different services and blood collection units in Cameroon to improve safety transfusion and control the dissemination of the DENV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomon Bonsi Tchuandom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.,Public School of Medical Laboratory Technicians, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Abel Lissom
- Laboratory of Vaccinology/Biobanking, CIRCB, Melen-Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Thibau Flaurant Tchouangueu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.,Laboratory of Vaccinology/Biobanking, CIRCB, Melen-Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | - Ankiambom Innocent Ngong
- Public School of Medical Laboratory Technicians, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Godwin Nchinda
- Laboratory of Vaccinology/Biobanking, CIRCB, Melen-Yaoundé, Cameroon
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19
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Tedjou AN, Kamgang B, Yougang AP, Wilson-Bahun TA, Njiokou F, Wondji CS. Patterns of Ecological Adaptation of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus and Stegomyia Indices Highlight the Potential Risk of Arbovirus Transmission in Yaoundé, the Capital City of Cameroon. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060491. [PMID: 32575721 PMCID: PMC7350347 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic of arbovirus vectors such as Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus remains poorly understood in large cities in central Africa. Here, we compared the larval ecology, geographical distribution and degree of infestation of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in Yaoundé, the capital city of Cameroon, and estimated their Stegomyia indices revealing a significant potential risk of arbovirus transmission. An entomological survey was conducted in April-May 2018 in a cluster of houses randomly selected. Each selected house was inspected, the number of inhabitants was recorded, and potential and positive containers for Aedes were characterized. Stegomyia and pupae-based indices were estimated. Overall, 447 houses and 954 containers were inspected comprising 10,801 immature stages of Aedes with 84.95% of Ae. albopictus and 15.05% of Ae. aegypti. Both species bred mainly in discarded tanks and used tyres, associated with turbid water and the presence of plant debris inside containers. Aedes albopictus was the most prevalent species in almost all neighbourhoods. The house index, Breteau index, and container index were higher for Ae. albopictus (38.26%, 71.81%, and 29.61%) compared to those of Ae. aegypti (25.73%, 40.93%, and 16.88%). These indices are high compared to the thresholds established by Pan American Health Organization and World Health Organization, which suggests a high potential risk of arbovirus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armel N. Tedjou
- Department of Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, 15391 Yaoundé, Cameroon; (A.P.Y.); (T.A.W.-B.); (C.S.W.)
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, 812 Yaoundé, Cameroon;
- Correspondence: (A.N.T.); (B.K.)
| | - Basile Kamgang
- Department of Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, 15391 Yaoundé, Cameroon; (A.P.Y.); (T.A.W.-B.); (C.S.W.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.T.); (B.K.)
| | - Aurélie P. Yougang
- Department of Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, 15391 Yaoundé, Cameroon; (A.P.Y.); (T.A.W.-B.); (C.S.W.)
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, 812 Yaoundé, Cameroon;
| | - Theodel A. Wilson-Bahun
- Department of Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, 15391 Yaoundé, Cameroon; (A.P.Y.); (T.A.W.-B.); (C.S.W.)
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Flobert Njiokou
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, 812 Yaoundé, Cameroon;
| | - Charles S. Wondji
- Department of Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, 15391 Yaoundé, Cameroon; (A.P.Y.); (T.A.W.-B.); (C.S.W.)
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
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Habitat and Seasonality Affect Mosquito Community Composition in the West Region of Cameroon. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11050312. [PMID: 32429075 PMCID: PMC7291174 DOI: 10.3390/insects11050312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To identify potential sylvatic, urban and bridge-vectors that can be involved in current or future virus spillover from wild to more urbanised areas, entomological field surveys were conducted in rural, peri-urban and urban areas spanning the rainy and dry seasons in western Cameroon. A total of 2650 mosquitoes belonging to 37 species and eight genera were collected. Mosquito species richness was significantly influenced by the specific combination of the habitat type and the season. The highest species richness was found in the peri-urban area (S = 30, Chao1 = 121 ± 50.63, ACE = 51.97 ± 3.88) during the dry season (S = 28, Chao1 = 64 ± 25.7, ACE = 38.33 ± 3.1). Aedes (Ae.) africanus and Culex (Cx.) moucheti were only found in the rural and peri-urban areas, while Cx. pipiens s.l. and Ae. aegypti were only found in the urban area. Cx. (Culiciomyia) spp., Cx. duttoni and Ae. albopictus were caught in the three habitat types. Importantly, approximately 52% of the mosquito species collected in this study have been implicated in the transmission of diverse arboviruses. This entomological survey provides a catalogue of the different mosquito species that may be involved in the transmission of arboviruses. Further investigations are needed to study the vectorial capacity of each mosquito species in arbovirus transmission.
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