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Amone A, Gabagaya G, Wavamunno P, Rukundo G, Namale-Matovu J, Malamba SS, Lubega I, Homsy J, King R, Nakabiito C, Namukwaya Z, Fowler MG, Musoke P. Enhanced peer-group strategies to support the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission leads to increased retention in care in Uganda: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297652. [PMID: 38640123 PMCID: PMC11029615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the scale-up of Option B+, long-term retention of women in HIV care during pregnancy and the postpartum period remains an important challenge. We compared adherence to clinic appointments and antiretroviral therapy (ART) at 6 weeks, 6, and and 24 months postpartum among pregnant women living with HIV and initiating Option B+. Women were randomized to a peer group support, community-based drug distribution and income-generating intervention called "Friends for Life Circles" (FLCs) versus the standard of care (SOC). Our secondary outcome was infant HIV status and HIV-free survival at 6 weeks and 18 months postpartum. METHODS Between 16 May 2016 and 12 September 2017, 540 ART-naïve pregnant women living with HIV at urban and rural health facilities in Uganda were enrolled in the study at any gestational age. Participants were randomized 1:1 to the unblinded FLC intervention or SOC at enrolment and assessed for adherence to the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) clinic appointments at 6 weeks, 12, and 24 months postpartum, self-reported adherence to ART at 6 weeks, 6 and 24 months postpartum and supported by plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load (VL) measured at the same time points, retention in care through the end of study, and HIV status and HIV-free survival of infants at 18 months postpartum. The FLC groups were formed during pregnancy within 4 months of enrollment and held monthly meetings in their communites, and were followed up until the last group participant reached 24 months post delivery. We used Log-rank and Chi-Square p-values to test the equality of Kaplan-Meier survival probabilities and hazard rates (HR) for failure to retain in care for any reason by study arm. RESULTS There was no significant difference in adherence to PMTCT clinic visits or to ART or in median viral loads between FLC and SOC arms at any follow-up time points. Retention in care through the end of study was high in both arms but significantly higher among participants randomized to FLC (86.7%) compared to SOC (79.3%), p = 0.022. The adjusted HR of visit dropout was 2.4 times greater among participants randomized to SOC compared to FLC (aHR = 2.363, 95% CI: 1.199-4.656, p = 0.013). Median VL remained < 400 copies/ml in both arms at 6 weeks, 6, and 24 months postpartum. Eight of the 431 infants tested at 18 months were HIV positive (1.9%), however, this was not statistically different among mothers enrolled in the FLC arm compared to those in the SOC arm. At 18 months, HIV-free survival of children born to mothers in the FLC arm was significantly higher than that of children born to mothers in the SOC arm. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that programmatic interventions that provide group support, community-based ART distribution, and income-generation activities may contribute to retention in PMTCT care, HIV-free survival of children born to women living with HIV, and ultimately, to the elimination of mother-to-child HIV transmission (EMTCT). TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02515370 (04/08/2015) on ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Amone
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Grace Gabagaya
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Priscilla Wavamunno
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Gordon Rukundo
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joyce Namale-Matovu
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Irene Lubega
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jaco Homsy
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Rachel King
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Clemensia Nakabiito
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Zikulah Namukwaya
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mary Glenn Fowler
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Philippa Musoke
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
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Nakyanzi A, Naddunga F, Bulterys MA, Mujugira A, Wyatt MA, Kamusiime B, Nalumansi A, Kasiita V, Peacock S, Celum CL, Ware NC. " It Soothes Your Heart": A Multimethod Study Exploring Acceptability of Point-of-Care Viral Load Testing among Ugandan Pregnant and Postpartum Women Living with HIV. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 14:72. [PMID: 38201381 PMCID: PMC10795616 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is critical for achieving viral suppression and preventing onward HIV transmission. ART continuation can be challenging for pregnant women living with HIV (PWLHIV), which has critical implications for risk of vertical HIV transmission. Point-of-care viral load (POC VL) testing has been associated with improved treatment and retention outcomes. We sought to explore acceptability of POC VL testing among Ugandan PWLHIV during pregnancy and postpartum. METHODS This multimethod analysis drew on quantitative and qualitative data collected between February and December 2021. Quantitatively, we used an intent-to-treat analysis to assess whether randomization to clinic-based POC VL testing during pregnancy and infant testing at delivery was associated with improved viral suppression (≤50 copies/mL) by 3 months postpartum compared to standard-of-care (SOC) VL testing through a central laboratory, adjusting for factorial randomization for the male partner testing strategy. Additionally, a subset of 22 PWLHIV in the POC VL arm participated in in-depth qualitative interviews. We inductively analyzed transcripts to develop categories representing concepts that characterized women's perceptions of POC VL testing during pregnancy and at delivery and ways that POC VL testing may have impacted their ART adherence and viral suppression. Key themes around women's perceptions of POC VL testing were then organized into main categories. RESULTS Overall, 151 PWLHIV were enrolled into the study, 77 (51%) of whom were randomized to receive POC VL testing during pregnancy and at delivery. Women reported in qualitative interviews that POC VL testing had (1) motivated their ART adherence during pregnancy and postpartum and that they felt this testing method had (2) helped them protect their infants from acquiring HIV and (3) improved their emotional wellbeing. CONCLUSIONS POC VL testing was highly acceptable among Ugandan PWLHIV and was viewed as an important tool that women believed improved their ART adherence, gave them information necessary to protect their infants from vertical HIV acquisition, and improved their emotional wellbeing. These findings support the global scale-up of POC VL testing in settings with high HIV burden, especially for PWLHIV who may be at risk of treatment disruptions or loss to follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Nakyanzi
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda; (F.N.); (A.M.); (B.K.); (A.N.); (V.K.)
| | - Faith Naddunga
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda; (F.N.); (A.M.); (B.K.); (A.N.); (V.K.)
| | - Michelle A. Bulterys
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (M.A.B.); (S.P.); (C.L.C.)
| | - Andrew Mujugira
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda; (F.N.); (A.M.); (B.K.); (A.N.); (V.K.)
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (M.A.B.); (S.P.); (C.L.C.)
| | - Monique A. Wyatt
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.A.W.); (N.C.W.)
- Harvard Global, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Brenda Kamusiime
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda; (F.N.); (A.M.); (B.K.); (A.N.); (V.K.)
| | - Alisaati Nalumansi
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda; (F.N.); (A.M.); (B.K.); (A.N.); (V.K.)
| | - Vicent Kasiita
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda; (F.N.); (A.M.); (B.K.); (A.N.); (V.K.)
| | - Sue Peacock
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (M.A.B.); (S.P.); (C.L.C.)
| | - Connie L. Celum
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (M.A.B.); (S.P.); (C.L.C.)
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Norma C. Ware
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.A.W.); (N.C.W.)
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Velapi L, Mayers PM, Frantz J. Experiences of Mothers Living With HIV in a South African Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Programme: A Qualitative Descriptive Study. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2023; 34:188-197. [PMID: 36355599 DOI: 10.1097/jnc.0000000000000372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT More than 90% of all HIV infections in children result from mother to child transmission. Elimination of mother-child transmission is a global priority and vital for the improvement of child survival in high-burden, limited resource settings. Retention in HIV care is vital to reduce transmission risk. This qualitative study explored the experiences and adherence challenges of mothers living with HIV of the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programme in Khayelitsha, Cape Town, South Africa. Interviews were conducted with purposively selected participants enrolled in a PMTCT programme at a primary care facility. Thematic analysis generated six themes. Findings demonstrate the complexity of living as a woman with HIV in a socioeconomically disadvantaged and marginalized periurban community. For each woman, there is a set of concerns relating to person, home, community, and clinic which may affect her understanding, acceptance of, and adherence to the PMTCT programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Velapi
- Linda Velapi, M Nursing, is a Lecturer, School of Nursing, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa. Pat M. Mayers, PhD, MSc (Med Psych), BA Nursing is an Associate Professor, School of Nursing, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa. Jose M. Frantz, PhD, MSc Physiotherapy, is the Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Research and Innovation at the University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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Gabagaya G, Rukundo G, Amone A, Wavamunno P, Namale-Matovu J, Lubega I, Nakabiito C, Namukwaya Z, Nolan M, Malamba SS, King R, Homsy J, Fowler MG, Musoke P. Prevalence of undetectable and suppressed viral load in HIV-infected pregnant women initiating Option B+ in Uganda: an observational study nested within a randomized controlled trial. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:907. [PMID: 34481464 PMCID: PMC8417996 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06608-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral load (VL) testing is key in monitoring adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and documenting HIV treatment response. As per HIV treatment guidelines in Uganda, the first VL test is recommended 6 months after initiation of ART. Undetectable VL (uVL) at ART initiation may be helpful in detecting elite controllers in the absence of previous ART use. We investigated viral suppression at ART initiation among a cohort of HIV-positive pregnant women enrolled in the Friends for Life Circles (FLC) for Option B+ randomized controlled trial (RCT). METHODS Pregnant women ≥ 18 years of age testing positive for HIV at their first antenatal care visit and starting on ART Option B+ as per the National PMTCT Program guidelines were enrolled into the FLC for Option B+ RCT in urban Kampala and rural Mityana districts of Uganda. Each participant had whole blood samples collected at enrolment to assess baseline VL. Plasma HIV-1 RNA was quantified using COBAS Ampliprep /COBAS Taqman. Baseline VL below 400 RNA copies/ml was considered as viral suppression while baseline VL below 20 RNA copies/ml was considered uVL. RESULTS The mean duration from the date of ART initiation to time of sample collection for baseline VL assessment was 4.4 days (SD 3.6). Of the 532 HIV-positive pregnant women enrolled in the FLC for Option B+ study and newly starting Option B+ without a self-reported history of prior ART use, 29 (5.5%) had uVL and 113 (21.4%) had suppressed VL at baseline. There was no association between participants' age, gravidity, marital status, mean monthly income, educational level, disclosure of HIV status to partner, and uVL or viral suppression at baseline. However, non-disclosure of HIV status to any other person was associated with decreased odds of viral suppression at baseline (OR 0.640; 0.416-0.982). CONCLUSION Twenty-one percent of HIV-positive Ugandan pregnant women initiating ART (Option B+) showed virological suppression at baseline and were presumed to be "elite controllers" or to have misreported being ART-naive. Further studies are needed to better understand the biologic mechanisms of elite controllers among pregnant women as well as to differentiate elite controllers from concealed ART use. Trial Registration The trial was registered as NCT02515370 (04/08/2015) on Clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Gabagaya
- Makerere University - Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, P.O. Box 23491, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Gordon Rukundo
- Makerere University - Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, P.O. Box 23491, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alexander Amone
- Makerere University - Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, P.O. Box 23491, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Priscilla Wavamunno
- Makerere University - Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, P.O. Box 23491, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joyce Namale-Matovu
- Makerere University - Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, P.O. Box 23491, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Irene Lubega
- Makerere University - Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, P.O. Box 23491, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Clemensia Nakabiito
- Makerere University - Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, P.O. Box 23491, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Zikulah Namukwaya
- Makerere University - Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, P.O. Box 23491, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Monica Nolan
- Makerere University - Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, P.O. Box 23491, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Rachel King
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Jaco Homsy
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Mary Glenn Fowler
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Philippa Musoke
- Makerere University - Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, P.O. Box 23491, Kampala, Uganda. .,Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
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Sirajee R, Conroy AL, Namasopo S, Opoka RO, Lavoie S, Forgie S, Salami BO, Hawkes MT. Growth Faltering and Developmental Delay in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Ugandan Infants: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2021; 87:730-740. [PMID: 33819206 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) infants are at increased risk of impaired early linear growth and cognitive development. We examined associations between prenatal and postnatal growth and subsequent neurodevelopment in Ugandan HEU infants, hypothesizing that early insults may explain alterations in both somatic growth and brain development. METHODS We prospectively followed a cohort of HEU infants from birth to 18 months of age, and measured length/height, weight, head, and arm circumference longitudinally. The Malawi Development Assessment Tool (MDAT, 12 and 18 months) and the Color Object Association Test (18 months) were used for developmental assessments. RESULTS Among 170 HEU infants, the prevalence of low-birth weight and failure to thrive was 7.6% and 37%, respectively. HEU infants had MDAT scores that were similar to the reference population. The mean (SD) score on the Color Object Association Test was 5.5 (3.1) compared with 6.9 (5.3) in developmentally normal children. Developmental ability at age 18 months showed strong cross-sectional correlation with weight-for-age (ρ = 0.36, P < 0.0001), length/height-for-age (ρ = 0.41, P < 0.0001), head circumference-for-age (ρ = 0.26, P = 0.0011), and mid-upper arm circumference-for-age (ρ = 0.34, P = 0.0014). There was a statistically significant correlation between birth weight and MDAT z-score at 18 months (ρ = 0.20, P = 0.010). Failure to thrive was associated with lower MDAT z-score [median -0.13 (IQR -0.75 to +0.14) versus +0.14 (IQR -0.44 to +0.63), P = 0.042]. CONCLUSION Growth faltering in HEU infants was associated with lower attainment of developmental milestones at age 18 months. Our findings point to a simple screening method for identifying HEU infants at risk for developmental intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Sirajee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andrea L Conroy
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sophie Namasopo
- Department of Paediatrics, Jinja Regional Referral Hospital, Jinja, Uganda
| | - Robert O Opoka
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Mulago Hospital and Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Stephanie Lavoie
- National Laboratory for HIV Reference Services (NLHRS), National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sarah Forgie
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Bukola O Salami
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute; and
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Michael T Hawkes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute; and
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Distinguished Researcher, Stollery Science Lab
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Williams SM, Renjua J, Moshabela M, Wringe A. Understanding the influence of health systems on women's experiences of Option B+: A meta-ethnography of qualitative research from sub-Saharan Africa. Glob Public Health 2021; 16:167-185. [PMID: 33284727 PMCID: PMC7612946 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2020.1851385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We explored women's experiences of Option B+ in sub-Saharan African health facility settings through a meta-ethnography of 32 qualitative studies published between 2010 and 2019. First and second-order constructs were identified from the data and authors' interpretations respectively. Using a health systems lens, third-order constructs explored how the health systems shaped women's experiences of Option B+ and their subsequent engagement in care. Women's experiences of Option B+ services were influenced by their interactions with health workers, which were often reported to be inadequate and rushed, reflecting insufficient staffing or training to address pregnant women's needs. Women's experiences were also undermined by various manifestations of stigma which persisted in the absence of resources for social or mental health support, and were exacerbated by space constraints in health facilities that infringed on patient confidentiality. Sub-optimal service accessibility, drug stock-outs and inadequate tracing systems also shaped women's experiences of care. Strengthening health systems by improving health worker capacity to provide respectful and high-quality clinical and support services, improving supply chains and improving the privacy of consultation spaces would improve women's experiences of Option B+ services, thereby contributing to improved care retention. These lessons should be considered as universal test and treat programmes expand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M. Williams
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jenny Renjua
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Mosa Moshabela
- School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Alison Wringe
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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McKinney J, Hickerson L, Guffey D, Hawkins J, Peters Y, Levison J. Evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus-adapted group prenatal care. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2020; 2:100150. [PMID: 33345881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efforts to further decrease perinatal transmission of HIV include efforts to improve engagement and retention in prenatal care. Group prenatal care has been reported to have benefits in certain other high-risk groups of pregnant women but has not been previously evaluated in pregnant women living with HIV. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate changes in HIV knowledge, stigma, social support, depression, self-efficacy, and medication adherence after HIV-adapted group prenatal care. STUDY DESIGN All women living with HIV who presented for prenatal care at ≤30 weeks' gestation in Harris Health System (Houston, TX) between September 2013 and December 2017 were offered either group or individual HIV-focused prenatal care. Patients were recruited for the study at their initial prenatal visit. HIV topics, such as HIV facts, disclosure, medication adherence, safe sex and conception, retention in care, and postdelivery baby testing, were added to the standard CenteringPregnancy curriculum (ten 2-hour sessions per pregnancy). Knowledge and attitudes toward factors associated with adherence to HIV treatment regimens (stigma, loneliness, perceived social support, and depressive symptoms) were compared on written pre- and postsurveys. Surveys included 58 items derived from validated scales, with Likert and dichotomous responses. McNemar's test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and paired t-tests compared pre- and postsurvey responses. RESULTS A total of 190 women living with HIV received prenatal care in the clinic during the study period, 93 (49%) of whom participated in CenteringHIV. A total of 66 Centering participants enrolled in the study and 42 of those completed the pre- and postsurveys. Among women in the Centering program who completed pre- and postsurveys, significant differences were noted with improved perceived social support from family (P=.011) and friends (P=.005), decreased depression (Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale, ≥10; 43% vs 18%; P<.001; Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale score mean (standard deviation), 9.3 (5.8) pre vs 5.2 (4.9) post; P<.001), and decreased missed medication doses related to depressed mood (P=.014). No statistically significant differences were noted in HIV knowledge, HIV stigma, attitude, or self-efficacy. CONCLUSION HIV-focused group prenatal care may positively affect perceived social support and depression scores, factors that are closely associated with antiretroviral adherence and retention in the care for pregnant women living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer McKinney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harris Health System, Houston, TX; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Latia Hickerson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harris Health System, Houston, TX
| | - Danielle Guffey
- Dan L. Duncan Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Joanna Hawkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Yvette Peters
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harris Health System, Houston, TX
| | - Judy Levison
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harris Health System, Houston, TX; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
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