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Vera Cruz G, Maurice T, Moore PJ, Rohrbeck CA. Using artificial intelligence to identify the top 50 independent predictors of subjective well-being in a multinational sample of 37,991 older European & Israeli adults. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11352. [PMID: 37443378 PMCID: PMC10344944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38337-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Subjective well-being (SWB) is widely recognized as an important health outcome, but its complexity, myriad predictors, and analytic requirements pose significant challenges to identifying the relative order and impact of SWB determinants. This study involved a representative sample of 37,991 older adults from 17 European countries and Israel. An aggregate index of SWB was developed and compared across countries, and machine-learning algorithms were used to rank-order the strongest 50 (of an initial 94) SWB predictors from 15 categories. General Additive Modeling (GAM) and low-degree polynomials (i.e., splines) were used to determine the independent effect sizes and significance levels for each of these top-50 SWB predictors. Of the 18 countries included in this study, Denmark had the highest mean SWB, while Greece had the lowest. The two top-ranked SWB predictors (loneliness, social activity satisfaction) were social factors, which also had the highest overall group ranking, followed by physical health, demographics, financial status and personality. Self-reported health was the strongest health-related predictor, neuroticism was the strongest personality predictor, and women reported higher SWB than men. SWB decreased with age, and increased with income up to 350,000 euros/year, after which it declined. Social factors were of primary importance for subjective well-being in this research, while childhood experiences and healthcare status exerted the smallest effects. The vast majority of the top 50 SWB predictors were statistically significant, with the notable exceptions of body mass index and most health behaviors, which may impact SWB indirectly through their effects on physical health. Future multivariate modeling is recommended to clarify the mechanisms for these and other observed relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germano Vera Cruz
- UR 7273 CRP-CPO, Department of Psychology, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Bât E-1, Chemin du Thil, 80025, Amiens, France.
| | - Thomas Maurice
- EA 2249 CRIEF, Department of Health Economics, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Philip J Moore
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Cynthia A Rohrbeck
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Moreira JS, Melo A, Santos R, Sousa ASP. Indicators and Instruments to Assess Components of Disability in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8270. [PMID: 36365968 PMCID: PMC9653663 DOI: 10.3390/s22218270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The epidemiological demands of aging point to the need for characterizing older adults regarding health and disability. This systematic review aims to summarize the indicators (instruments) identifying different components of disability as a result of aging exposition in community-dwelling older adults, considering the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health framework. Taking the PRISMA 2020 recommendations as a reference, studies with community-dwelling older adults, reporting the development and/or age disability modifications were included. Two reviewers analyzed the observational studies searched in the MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases. Of the 137 potentially eligible studies, 49 were included in this review. Several indicators (instruments) demonstrated older adults' disabilities according to the different domains of the ICF. Objective measures assessed Body Structures, Body Functions, and Environmental Factors and included handgrip strength (dynamometry, n = 8), cognitive function (Mini-Mental State examination, n = 7), gait speed (walk test, n = 6), and endurance (Chair stand-test, n = 4). Self-reported measures assessed Activities and Participation, but not the Body Structures, and included the basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL) (the Katz Index of ADL, n = 4 studies, the Lawton and Brody Instrumental ADL, n = 4 studies). The summary of the measures gathered can guide researchers and health professionals to select indicators (instruments) to assess and monitor older adults' disabilities resulting from aging exposition, to support the development of new wearables, and to provide improvements to the existing ones, allowing the tailored assessment of different health and disability dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Santos Moreira
- Center for Rehabilitation Research—Human Movement System (Re)habilitation Area, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Melo
- Center for Rehabilitation Research—Human Movement System (Re)habilitation Area, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rubim Santos
- Center for Rehabilitation Research—Human Movement System (Re)habilitation Area, Department of Physics, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia S. P. Sousa
- Center for Rehabilitation Research—Human Movement System (Re)habilitation Area, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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Kim JW, Choi YL, Jeong SH, Han J. A Care Robot with Ethical Sensing System for Older Adults at Home. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22197515. [PMID: 36236614 PMCID: PMC9572731 DOI: 10.3390/s22197515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have explored emotional and mental services that robots can provide for older adults, such as offering them daily conversation, news, music, or health information. However, the ethical issues raised by using sensors for frail older adults to monitor their daily movements or their medication intake, for instance, are still being discussed. In this study, we develop an older adult-guided, caregiver-monitored robot, Dori, which can detect and recognize movement by sensing human poses in accordance with two factors from the human-centered artificial intelligence (HCAI) framework. To design the care robot's services based on sensing movement during daily activities, we conducted focus group interviews with two groups-caregivers and medical staff-on the topic of care robot services not for patients but for prefrail and frail elderly individuals living at home. Based on their responses, we derived the focal service areas of cognitive support, emotional support, physical activity support, medication management, and caregiver management. We also found the two groups differed in their ethical judgments in the areas of dignity, autonomy, controllability, and privacy for services utilizing sensing by care robots. Therefore, the pose recognition technology adopted in the present work uses only joint coordinate information extracted from camera images and thus is advantageous for protecting human dignity and personal information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Wook Kim
- Department Electronics Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Young-Lim Choi
- Department Electronics Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Jeong
- Department Electronics Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Jeonghye Han
- Department Computer Education, Cheongju National University of Education, Cheongju 28690, Korea
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Are Measures of Health Status for the Total Population Good Proxies for the Health of the Older Population in International Comparison Studies? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137559. [PMID: 35805218 PMCID: PMC9265627 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the face of population aging, the health of older people is becoming especially important, impacting various areas of life, societies and countries’ economies. To provide the basis for effective decisions to achieve better health, comparative analyses can be used to find best practices to follow. The aim of the research was to check whether drawing conclusions about the older population’s health based on the health status of the total population is justified in international comparison analyses. An analysis was conducted for six population health indicators for European countries from 2010–2019. Rankings were created for the total population and the older subpopulation, and then ranks for these two populations were compared using statistical methods. The statistical analyses indicate that there is a strong, statistically significant relationship between the ranks for the total and the older population. However, looking at the descriptive analysis and visual presentation of data, differences in international rankings of indicator values for these two populations can be observed. As older people comprise a specific group of the population that is growing ever bigger and increasingly significant, it would be advisable to present the results of international comparisons not only for the total, but separately for the older population as well.
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Nivestam A, Haak M, Westergren A, Petersson P. Give Older Persons a Voice in the Society-By Using Information Compiled during Preventive Home Visits on a Societal Level. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147433. [PMID: 34299882 PMCID: PMC8306987 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Preventive home visits (PHVs) are offered to older persons with the purpose of promoting health and preventing risks on an individual level. However, aspects of health need to be considered on a societal level as well. This study aims to get a deeper understanding of perceptions of the usability of the information compiled during the PHVs to promote health, among older persons, on a societal level. Three online focus groups were conducted with heads of unit of PHVs, heads of department, and politicians responsible for health and welfare in seven municipalities in Sweden (n = 12). The findings were visualised in the core category Enable an inclusive society and the interrelated categories Monitoring determinants of health and Enabling exchange of information. The information from the PHVs could be used to monitor determinants of health by identifying assets, challenges, shifts, trends, and future needs in the society. Moreover, exchange of information from the PHVs could occur within and outside the health and welfare organisation. However, the potential use was affected by hindrances illustrated in the category Obstacles to interpreting and communicating the information. To conclude, using the information from the PHVs could possibly contribute to an inclusive society, where persons not usually represented in decision making are given a voice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nivestam
- The Research Platform for Collaboration for Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, SE-291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden; (M.H.); (A.W.); (P.P.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Haak
- The Research Platform for Collaboration for Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, SE-291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden; (M.H.); (A.W.); (P.P.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Albert Westergren
- The Research Platform for Collaboration for Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, SE-291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden; (M.H.); (A.W.); (P.P.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Pia Petersson
- The Research Platform for Collaboration for Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, SE-291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden; (M.H.); (A.W.); (P.P.)
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Gaertner B, Fuchs J, Möhler R, Meyer G, Scheidt-Nave C. Older people at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review. JOURNAL OF HEALTH MONITORING 2021; 6:2-37. [PMID: 35586562 PMCID: PMC8832372 DOI: 10.25646/7857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This scoping review focuses on evidence gaps regarding the effects on health, social participation and life contexts of older people at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is based on a systematic search strategy of the international literature covering a period between December 2019 and June 2020. The review is supplemented by a search of the websites of selected organisations in Germany (cut-off date: 29 June 2020). Search hits were differentiated by types of publication (empirical study, review, discussion paper). The contents were summarised in tabular form according to topic. The publications mainly discussed the high risks of suffering severe courses of COVID-19 faced by older people, specifically those belonging to certain subgroups. In addition, further main topics were the pandemic’s indirect impacts on physical and mental health, physical and cognitive functions and participation in society. Social isolation, loneliness, reduced levels of physical activity and difficulties in maintaining care were discussed as major health risks. Ageism was an issue that was addressed across all of the identified topics. The publications highlighted the need, but also the opportunity, for raising public awareness of the needs of older people in various life contexts. Publications pointed to the urgent need for research into the biological and social causes of older peoples’ high infection risk and how measures could be adapted in a differentiated manner (infection prevention and control measures, social support, medical and nursing care).
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Gaertner
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring
| | - Judith Fuchs
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring
| | - Ralph Möhler
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute for Health Services Research and Health Economics.,Bielefeld University, School of Public Health, Department of Health Services Research and Nursing Science
| | - Gabriele Meyer
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute for Health and Nursing Science
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Grube MM, Scheidt-Nave C, Gaertner B, Lüdtke D, Bosnjak M, Heinrich S, Lahmann N, Meyer G, Rapp K, Riedel-Heller S, Schäufele M, Wolf-Ostermann K, Zank S, Fuchs J. The selection and definition of indicators in public health monitoring for the 65+ age group in Germany. JOURNAL OF HEALTH MONITORING 2019; 4:86-101. [PMID: 35146249 PMCID: PMC8822248 DOI: 10.25646/5990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Selecting relevant indicators is an important step in the development of public health monitoring for older people. Indicators can be used to combine information comprehensively from various data sources and enable recurring, comparable findings to be made about the health of older people. Indicators were systematically compiled from existing international monitoring systems. An indicator set on health in old age was developed using a multistage, structured consensus-based process together with an interdisciplinary panel of experts. The resulting 18 indicators were assigned to three health areas: (1) environmental factors, (2) activities and participation, and (3) personal factors. Data sources that can be used for the indicators are the health surveys within the framework of the Robert Koch Institute's (RKI) health monitoring system, as well as surveys from other research institutes and official statistics. In the future, the indicator set is to be developed further and integrated into an overall approach that is geared towards health reporting and the monitoring of chronic diseases in all phases of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Judith Fuchs
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin,Corresponding author Dr Judith Fuchs, Robert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, General-Pape-Str. 62–66, D-12101 Berlin, Germany, E-mail:
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