Applying trans-theoretical model for blood donation among Spanish adults: a cross-sectional study

Financial incentive interventions for smoking cessation among Chinese smokers: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial

INTRODUCTION

There is an urgent issue to relieve the burdens caused by tobacco use through feasible and effective smoking cessation interventions, particularly in a middle-income country with less accessible smoking cessation services and high demand for quitting smoking. Financial incentives have shown effective in changing health behaviours, thus needing to test its portability to a wider implementation and effectiveness of increasing smoking cessation rates.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS

This is a three-arm cluster randomised controlled trial. 462 eligible participants will be assigned to 2 financial incentive groups-rewards or deposits, or the control group. All participants including those in the control group will receive text messages to help quitting smoking developed by the US National Cancer Institute over a 3-month intervention period. In addition to text messages, reward group participants will be rewarded with CNY200 and CNY400 (CNY100 approximately US$15) for sustained smoking abstinence at 1 month and 3 months follow-up assessments; participants in the deposit group will accumulate CNY200 and CNY600 in the deposit accounts after verified smoking abstinence at 1 month and 3 months follow-up assessments, and all the deposits will be given at once right after the 3-month follow-up visit. The primary outcome is biochemically verified smoking abstinence rate sustained for 6 months after enrolment.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION

This trial protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University Health Science Centre (date: 23 February 2023; ethical approval number: IRB00001052-22172). Results and findings of this trial will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and professional conferences.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER

ChiCTR-IOR-2300069631.

Body image perception and physical activity behavior among adult population: Application of trans-theoretical model of behavior change

BACKGROUND

The human body changes during life, but research on how sociodemographic characteristics and physical activity (PA) related to all aspects of body image are still unclear and there is conflict in the relevant results. This study aims to examine gender-specific body image perception and physical activity in relation to BMI and sociodemographic characteristics among health employees who worked in health and medical care centers.

METHODS

The study was a population-based cross-sectional survey of 170 health employees (55 men and 115 women) in Binaloud, Iran. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire, which consisted of a self-administered Multidimensional Body-Self Image Questionnaire (MBSRQ) and stages of change scales. The full version of Marcus-TTM based on the stages of physical activity changes was used based on 5 items related to regular physical activity behavior and intentions.

RESULTS

There were no significant differences between men and women in total body image score, body area satisfaction, and attitude. Disease orientation (p = 0.02) and health orientation (p = 0.05) were the only significant differences between men and women. The number of children, level of education, BMI, and PA had a stronger influence on body image concerns and body dissatisfaction. PA and 7 of the 10 subclasses of MBSRQ (appearance evaluation, fitness evaluation, fitness orientation, health evaluation, health orientation, and illness orientation) showed a significant difference (P<0.05) between participants in the five TTM stages.

CONCLUSION

The ideal body image and body satisfaction may differ by the number of children, level of education, gender, BMI, and PA. Evidence from this study supports that participants' stages of change affect their physical activity and body image perception. This result suggests a need for conducting work/home place intervention to promote adults' body image perception and body area satisfaction based on the usage-specific stage under consideration.

Dental cleaning behavior and related factors among hemodialysis patients in the West of Iran: A cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVES

Oral health-related behaviors in hemodialysis patients are reduced, potentially leading to adverse consequences. The aim of the present study was to evaluate dental cleaning behavior (DCB) and related factors among hemodialysis patients.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study was carried out in Sanandaj city, in the west of Iran in 2022. Using the census method, 115 hemodialysis patients from the dialysis center of Tohid Hospital were recruited. Data were gathered by a three-section questionnaire. The first section included demographic characteristics, the second section involved variables related to the health belief model (HBM), and the third section assessed stages of DCB change based on the trans-theoretical model. Analysis of data was done by assessing frequency, descriptive and inferential statistics such as t test, correlation coefficient, and regression.

RESULTS

Only 26.1% of participants reported DCB, defined as tooth brushing at least twice daily; 30.4% were in the precontemplation stage, 26.1% in contemplation, and 17.4% in the preparation stage. Perceived self-efficacy was lower among patients who did not perform DCB. The odds of DCB increased with perceived self-efficacy (odds ratio [OR] = 1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19-1.92, p < .05), cues to action (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.03-2.55, p < .05), and decreased with perceived barriers (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.47-0.97, p < .01).

CONCLUSIONS

DCB of patients on hemodialysis requires improvement. Perceived self-efficacy, cues to action, and perceived barriers constructs of the HBM should be considered in interventional programs targeting to increase oral health as well as in future research in the field.

Effectiveness of a nurse-led coaching of self-care agency intervention for elderly patients with total laryngectomy: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

INTRODUCTION

Due to functional defects and structural destruction after total laryngectomy, patients experienced the poor quality of life, especially for elderly. The barriers to accessing self-care in elderly patients were considered to result from complex and multifaceted interactions of biologic and social factors. Therefore, specific efforts to improve elderly patients' quality of life are needed. The purpose of our study is to verify nurse-led coaching of elderly patient self-care approaches, which can reduce logistic burden of patients and obtain the successful functional rehabilitation ultimately.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS

Elderly patients (n=60) scheduled for total laryngectomy will be randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group. Patients in the control group received routinely nursing during hospitalisation and thereby at home after discharge received conventional family care without regular supervision of nurses. Patients in the intervention group will receive a series of self-care intervention based on the transtheoretical model during hospitalisation. During home after discharge, nurses will additionally evaluate and supervise the self-care effect of patients. The two groups of patients' self-care agency, self-efficacy, quality of life and nutritional status will be recorded separately at different time points. Primary outcome is the improvement of patients' self-care agency, and secondary outcome is the improvements of patients' self-efficacy, quality of life, nutritional states and 3-month unplanned readmission rate.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION

The Ethics Committee of Hubei Cancer Hospital has approved this protocol (KYLLBA2020006). The findings of the trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, national or international conferences.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER

ChiCTR2100043731.

Observation of the Effect of TTM-Based Health Information Behavior Combined with Continuous Nursing on Cognitive and Motor Function, Living Ability, and the Quality of Life of Cerebral Stroke Patients

Purpose

To discuss the effect of the transtheoretical model (TTM) of behavior-based health information behavior combined with continuous nursing on cognitive function, motor function, living ability, and quality of life of cerebral stroke (CS) patients.

Methods

540 cases of CS patients hospitalized in our hospital from June 2020 to June 2021 were selected. All the subjects were divided into the control group (270 cases) and study group (270 cases) according to the random number table. The control group was given routine nursing intervention and the study group was given TTM-based health information behavior combined with continuous nursing. The patients were paid a return visit 6 months after discharge, and their cognitive function, motor function, living ability, and quality of life were observed before and after intervention.

Results

After intervention, the Montreal cognitive assessment scale score, Fugl-Meyer assessment of motor function score, Barthel index score, and short health scale score of both groups were higher than before intervention, and the study group was higher than the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

TTM-based health information behavior combined with continuous nursing has a significant positive impact on cognitive function, motor function, living ability, and quality of life of CS patients.

Managing Covid-19 pandemic and supply chain disruptions through employee attitude: A cross-country analysis based on the transtheoretical model

In this paper, we examine the attitudinal changes and processes regarding Covid-19 guidelines through the lens of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) among 932 employees in organisations within the emerging markets of China and Qatar, and the implications for the management of operations and supply chain disruptions. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression were conducted to validate our measures, confirm model fit, and verify the proposed hypotheses. Our findings reveal that attitude towards the guidelines differ between Chinese and Qatari samples, significantly stronger among the Chinese sample. The TTM dimensions explain a considerable amount of variance in attitude and self-efficacy. Self-efficacy further explains attitudinal changes. Firms should actively source and provide useful and accurate information about COVID 19, including pathological characteristics, propagation, prevention measures, and treatment. Besides, firms should promote the importance of following the guidelines, leaders should set examples, and encourage and empower employees to do so. With the right employee attitude and behavior, firms can manage pandemic-related disruptions within the organization and the supply chain.

Assessing readiness to change in regular breakfast consumption among elementary students

BACKGROUND

Motivation and desire are the main psychological factors associated with regular breakfast consumption among elementary students. The purpose of this study was to assess the readiness of students to regular breakfast consumption.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This research was cross-sectional study; 300 students participated who were selected based on cluster sampling from elementary schools in different parts of Ardabil and were interviewed using a motivational questionnaire according to SOC model. The acquired data was then analyzed by ANOVA and linear regression.

RESULTS

Cognitive processes of change such as social liberation (β = 0.31, α = 0.001) and self-reevaluation (β = 0.13, α = 0.04) and self-efficacy (β = 0.44, α = 0.001) played a significant role in motivating students to move from the inactive stage to preparation stage.

CONCLUSION

By understanding the motivational factors of regular breakfast consumption, a regular program can be implemented to increase breakfast consumption and ensure the health of students and help them to grow in learning ability and abstract thinking.

In the Mood for a Blood Donation? Pilot Study about Momentary Mood, Satisfaction, and Return Behavior in Deferred First-Time Donors

Introduction

To maintain a sufficient donor pool, deferred first-time donors (FTD) should be motivated to return for blood donation. This pilot study investigates how deferral affects momentary mood, satisfaction with the donation process, and subsequent return behavior to examine their potential for motivating (deferred) FTD.

Methods

All of the subjects (n = 96) completed a first questionnaire (A1) before pre-donation assessment. Deferred FTD (n = 22) were asked to complete a second questionnaire (A2) immediately after deferral, while non-deferred FTD (n = 74) filled in the second questionnaire (A3) after blood donation. The impact of deferral, momentary mood, and satisfaction with the donation process on return behavior within 12 months was tested by calculating two path analyses, controlling for sex and age.

Results

Mood (p < 0.001) and satisfaction with social aspects of the donation process (p = 0.01) were decreased after deferral. Deferred FTD were less likely than non-deferred FTD to return to the blood donation center within 12 months (60.8 vs. 36.4%; p = 0.043). However, path analyses revealed that deferral effects on mood and satisfaction were not connected to return behavior. Instead, age had a significant influence on return behavior (p < 0.05) such that, overall, non-returning FTD were older than returning FTD, regardless of their deferral status.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that mood and satisfaction with the donation process are directly affected by deferral but not clearly responsible for low return rates. It seems promising to embed these variables in established health behavior models in further studies to increase the return rates of deferred FTD.