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Lin F, Wang L, Shi Y, Chen X, Lin Y, Zheng J, Chen K, Ye Q, Cai G. Association of Exposure to Ambient Air Pollutants With Cognitive Performance and Dementia Risk and the Mediating Role of Pulmonary Function: Evidence From the UK Biobank. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae139. [PMID: 38784975 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathways by which air pollution affects cognition remain to be explored. This study aimed to explore how single air pollutants [including nitrogen oxide (NOX), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5), PM10, and PM2.5-10], and air pollution mixture could affect cognitive function and the incidence of dementia, and determine whether pulmonary function (PF) could play a mediating role in the relationship. METHODS Multiple statistical methods were employed to evaluate association of 5 air pollutants (NOX, NO2, PM2.5, PM10, and PM2.5-10) with cognitive function. Bootstrap method was used to estimate mediating role of PF in the association of air pollutants with cognition or the incidence of dementia. RESULTS A mixture of air pollutants was associated with performance on 5 cognitive tests, and global cognition (p < .05). Significantly negative association was also identified between mixture of air pollutants and PF (β= -0.020, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.029 to -0.011). In addition, as PF scores increase, performance on all cognitive tests significantly improve, although the risk of dementia correspondingly decreases. It was noted that PF was shown to mediate the effects of air pollution mixtures on all cognitive tests as well as global cognition. For global cognition, PF mediated 6.08% of the association. PF was also found to have a mediating role in the association between NOX, NO2, PM2.5, and the risk of dementia. CONCLUSIONS Mixed air pollution may impact cognitive function, with PF potentially mediating this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yisen Shi
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuanjie Chen
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yixiang Lin
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qinyong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guoen Cai
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Botelho RDO, Coelho CCF, Andrade EF, Castelo PM, Pardi V, Murata RM, Pereira LJ. Fear of the COVID-19 vaccine in a public healthcare system and university setting. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304000. [PMID: 38917110 PMCID: PMC11198793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the known benefits, some individuals remain apprehensive about receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, which hampers vaccination efforts and the achievement of herd immunity. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to assess vaccination rates and identify factors influencing fear of the COVID-19 vaccine among individuals served by the public healthcare system (Family Health Strategy - FHS) and in a university community in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Surveys were conducted face-to-face with FHS participants and online with university members, employing a free sharing approach on social media. A total of 1896 and 312 responses were collected, respectively. The survey covered sociodemographic information, COVID-19 fear levels, and vaccination status for both individuals and their children Vaccination coverage was 83% among FHS participants and 99.1% in the university setting. Female respondents in both groups exhibited higher levels of COVID-19 fear (p<0.05), with FHS-assisted women reporting greater apprehension towards vaccination (p<0.05). Educated parents demonstrated better understanding of the importance of child vaccination, while younger parents expressed heightened concerns about vaccine side effects. Among FHS participants, women exhibited a 1.6 times higher fear of vaccination compared to men. Additionally, fear of vaccination increased by 1.10 times for each additional point on the COVID-19 Fear Scale (physiological domain). Effective communication strategies and dispelling misconceptions surrounding immunization could alleviate fear and promote vaccination acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paula Midori Castelo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pardi
- Department of Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University (ECU), Greenville, NC, United States of America
| | - Ramiro Mendonça Murata
- Department of Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University (ECU), Greenville, NC, United States of America
| | - Luciano José Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, Brazil
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Pansakun N, Naksen W, Boonchieng W, Ong-artborirak P, Prapamontol T. Environmental Health Literacy Regarding Fine Particulate Matter and Related Factors Among Village Health Volunteers in Upper Northern Thailand. J Prev Med Public Health 2024; 57:138-147. [PMID: 38374711 PMCID: PMC10999306 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.23.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fine particulate matter pollution has emerged as a significant life-threatening issue in Thailand. Recognizing the importance of environmental health literacy (EHL) in disease prevention is crucial for protecting public health. This study investigated EHL levels and aimed to identify associated factors among village health volunteers (VHVs) in the upper northern region of Thailand. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data from 710 VHVs using the EHL assessment tool developed by the Department of Health, Thailand. RESULTS The overall EHL score was moderate (mean, 3.28 out of a possible 5.0), with the highest and lowest domain-specific mean score for the ability to make decisions (3.52) and the ability to access (3.03). Multiple linear regression revealed that the factors associated with EHL score were area of residence (urban areas in Chiang Mai: B=0.254; urban areas in Lampang: B=0.274; and rural areas in Lampang: B=0.250 compared to rural areas in Chiang Mai), higher education levels (senior high school: B=0.212; diploma/high vocational certificate: B=0.350; bachelor's degree or above: B=0.528 compared to elementary school or lower), having annual health checkups compared to not having annual health check-ups (B=0.142), monthly family income (B=0.004), and individuals frequently facing air pollution issues around their residence (B=0.199) compared to those who reported no such issues. CONCLUSIONS The VHVs exhibited moderate EHL associated with residence area, education, health check-ups, family income, and residential air pollution. Considering these factors is vital for enhancing VHVs' EHL through strategic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattapon Pansakun
- Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Warangkana Naksen
- Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Parichat Ong-artborirak
- Department of Medical Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bankkok, Thailand
| | - Tippawan Prapamontol
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Hou Y, Yan W, Li G, Sang N. Transcriptome sequencing analysis reveals a potential role of lncRNA NONMMUT058932.2 and NONMMUT029203.2 in abnormal myelin development of male offspring following prenatal PM 2.5 exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165004. [PMID: 37348736 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that PM2.5 exposure in early life can influence brain development and increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in boys, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the current study, pregnant C57BL/6 J mice were oropharyngeally administered with PM2.5 suspension (3mg/kg/2 days) until the birth of offspring. Based on mRNA expression profiles, two-way analysis of variance (two-way ANOVA) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were conducted to explore the most impacted neurodevelopmental processes in male offspring and the most significantly associated gene modules. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses suggested that prenatal PM2.5 exposure significantly altered several biological processes (such as substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading, myelination, and ensheathment of neurons) and KEGG pathways (such as tight junction and axon guidance). We further found that PM2.5 exposure significantly changed the expression of myelination-related genes in male offspring during postnatal development and impaired myelin ultrastructure on PNDs 14 and 21, as demonstrated by the decreased thickness of myelin sheaths in the optic nerves, and mild loss of myelin in the corpus callosum. Importantly, lncRNA NONMMUT058932.2 and NONMMUT029203.2 played key roles in abnormal myelination by regulating the expression of several myelination-related genes (Fa2h, Mal, Sh3tc2, Trf and Tppp) through the binding to transcription factor Ctcf. Our work provides genomic evidence for prenatal PM2.5 exposure-induced neurodevelopmental disorders in male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Hou
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
| | - Wei Yan
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation, Key Laboratory of Genetic Foundation and Clinical Application, Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China.
| | - Guangke Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
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Wu K, Yao Y, Meng Y, Zhang X, Zhou R, Liu W, Ding X. Long-Term Atmosphere Surveillance (2016-2021) of PM 2.5-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Health Risk Assessment in Yangtze River Delta, China. EXPOSURE AND HEALTH 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37360513 PMCID: PMC10208184 DOI: 10.1007/s12403-023-00572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Long-term atmospheric quality monitoring of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was performed in Wuxi from 2016 to 2021. In total, 504 atmospheric PM2.5 samples were collected, and PM2.5-bound 16 PAHs were detected. The PM2.5 and ∑PAHs level decreased annually from 2016 to 2021, from 64.3 to 34.0 μg/m3 and 5.27 to 4.22 ng/m3, respectively. The benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) levels of 42% of the monitoring days in 2017 exceeded the recommended European Union (EU) health-based standard of 1 ng/m3. Five- and six-ring PAHs were found, including benz[a]anthracene, benzo[k]fluoranthene (Bkf), BaP, and benzo[g,h,i]perylene, which were the dominant components (indicating a prominent petroleum, biomass, and coal combustion contribution) using molecular diagnostic ratios and positive matrix factorization analysis. Moreover, PM2.5 and PAHs were significantly negatively associated with local precipitation over a period of six years. Statistically significant temporal and spatial distribution differences of PM2.5, and ∑PAHs were also found. The toxicity equivalent quotient (TEQ) of total PAHs was 0.70, and the TEQ of BaP (0.178) was the highest, followed by that of Bkf (0.090), dibenz[a,h]anthracene (Dah) (0.048), and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (0.034). The medians of the incremental lifetime cancer risk for long-term exposure to PAHs were 2.74E-8, 1.98E-8, and 1.71E-7 for children, teenagers, and adults, respectively, indicating that the carcinogenic risk of PAHs pollution in air was acceptable to local residents in this area. Sensitivity analysis revealed that BaP, Bkf, and Dah significantly contributed to carcinogenic toxicity. This research provides comprehensive statistics on the local air persistent organic pollutants profile, helps to identify the principal pollution source and compounds, and contributes to the prevention of regional air pollution. Graphical Abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12403-023-00572-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqin Wu
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention (The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Medical University), Wuxi, 214023 China
- Research Base for Environment and Health in Wuxi, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023 China
| | - Yuyang Yao
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention (The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Medical University), Wuxi, 214023 China
| | - Yuanhua Meng
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention (The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Medical University), Wuxi, 214023 China
- Research Base for Environment and Health in Wuxi, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023 China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention (The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Medical University), Wuxi, 214023 China
| | - Run Zhou
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention (The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Medical University), Wuxi, 214023 China
- Research Base for Environment and Health in Wuxi, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023 China
| | - Wenwei Liu
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention (The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Medical University), Wuxi, 214023 China
- Research Base for Environment and Health in Wuxi, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023 China
| | - Xinliang Ding
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention (The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Medical University), Wuxi, 214023 China
- Research Base for Environment and Health in Wuxi, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023 China
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Zhao Y, Kim B. Environmental Regulation and Chronic Conditions: Evidence from China's Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912584. [PMID: 36231883 PMCID: PMC9566277 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In January 2013, a dense haze covered 1.4 million kilometers of China and affected more than 800 million people. Air pollution in China had become a serious threat to the daily lives of people. The State Council of China enacted the "Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan" (APPCAP) in 2013 to lower the particulate matter (PM) level. Between 2013 and 2017, each administrative division established its own environmental preservation strategy in accordance with the APPCAP. We examined the effects of the nationwide air pollution control policy, APPCAP, on chronic health conditions among adults using a nationally representative survey, CFPS, conducted in 2012, 2014, and 2016. We applied a difference-in-differences model, using the time gap when each administrative division implemented the APPCAP. We found that the APPCAP significantly reduced doctor-diagnosed chronic conditions of the respiratory and circulatory systems in the last six months. In respiratory diseases and circulatory system diseases, the treatment effect of the APPCAP was a 34.6% and 11.5% reduction in the sample mean, respectively. The poorest socioeconomic groups and the elderly benefited the most. The stronger the goal, the more positive the effects were on health; the longer the policy intervention, the better the health outcomes were.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- School of Economics and Management, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Beomsoo Kim
- Department of Economics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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Andrade EF, Pereira LJ, Oliveira APLD, Orlando DR, Alves DAG, Guilarducci JDS, Castelo PM. Perceived fear of COVID-19 infection according to sex, age and occupational risk using the Brazilian version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. DEATH STUDIES 2022; 46:533-542. [PMID: 32845795 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2020.1809786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the fear of COVID-19 infection after proper translation and cultural adaptation of the "Fear of COVID-19 Scale" to the Brazilian Portuguese language. A sample of 1,743 Brazilian participants were included. The scale showed excellent psychometric characteristics. Women showed higher anxiety levels. Fear of COVID-19 scores were lower in males with occupational risk of contamination. On the other hand, women and younger individuals showed higher fear of COVID-19 infection scores. The Brazilian Fear of COVID-19 Scale proved to be a reliable tool with excellent psychometric properties for identifying fear of COVID-19 infection in the Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Francelino Andrade
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Physiology Area, Agrarian Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Unaí, Brazil
| | - Luciano José Pereira
- Health Sciences Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Luiz de Oliveira
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, Universidade Estatual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Débora Ribeiro Orlando
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Physiology Area, Agrarian Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Unaí, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paula Midori Castelo
- Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, Brazil
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8
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Li Q, Xia M, Guo X, Shi Y, Guan R, Liu Q, Cai Y, Lu H. Spatial characteristics and influencing factors of risk perception of haze in China: The case study of publishing online comments about haze news on Sina. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 785:147236. [PMID: 33932661 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Haze has become an important factor to harm people's health. In the face of the harm of haze, people express risk perception behavior through publishing online comments on haze news. To a certain extent, online comments affect the government's decision to deal with haze. However, most of the previous efforts only focused on several cities from a micro perspective whereas the existing research lacks to explore the regional differences of risk perception behavior of the whole country from a macro perspective. The macro perspective of research can help policymakers to formulate strategies of haze control according to local conditions. Therefore, it is important to understand the risk perception behavior of publishing online comments and haze from the macro perspective. In this study, we use quantitative methods to study the spatial-temporal characteristics of online comments and PM2.5 in 334 cities in China from 2014 to 2018. From the spatial perspective, the spatial characteristics of online comments are quite different from those of PM2.5 at the city level. It can be seen that the spatial mismatch can affect the government's strategy of haze control according to local conditions. From the perspective of influencing factors, we find that the risk perception behavior of publishing online comments conforms to the theory of environmental risk perception. Firstly, the local social development level is the largest driving force accelerating risk perception behavior. Secondly, information channel also has significantly positive effect on public risk perception behavior. Finally, the harmful degree of haze has the least positive effect on people's risk perception behavior. This gives us enlightenment. The number of online comments does not reflect the harmful degree of haze in different regions. We suggest that online comments should not be the main reference factor for policymakers to make strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- College of Environment and Planning/Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Menglin Xia
- College of Environment and Planning/Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiaona Guo
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yalin Shi
- College of Environment and Planning/Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Ruimin Guan
- College of Environment and Planning/Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Environment and Planning/Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yongxin Cai
- College of Environment and Planning/Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Heli Lu
- College of Environment and Planning/Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education/National Demonstration Center for Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Earth System Observation and Modeling, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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Li J, Duan K, Xu Q, Sun X, Zhang Y, Hua C. Efficiency of tourism development in China's major cities under the constraint of PM2.5. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255508. [PMID: 34379668 PMCID: PMC8357166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate / weather factors are important factors for tourists to choose tourist destinations. With the public's attention to the influence of haze, air quality will have a profound impact on the development of tourism in tourist destinations. Based on the Epsilon-based Measure (EBM) super-efficiency model and Global Malmquist-Luenberger index analysis method, this paper aims to study the tourism development efficiency of 58 major cities in China from 2001 to 2016 and analyse the total factor productivity in the development of urban tourism and the changing driving factors in consideration of the undesirable output of haze characterised by PM2.5 emission concentration. The study findings show that the overall efficiency of tourism development of 58 cities is not high in 2001-2016, but the tourism development efficiency of all cities is increasing year by year. Under the constraint of haze, the efficiency of urban tourism development is not directly proportional to the degree of urban development. The overall redundancy rate of each input index is slightly high, and the redundancy of PM2.5 emission concentration has a considerable effect on the efficiency of urban tourism development. The overall change trend in total factor productivity in the development of urban tourism is improved, mainly due to the improvement of technological progress factors. On this basis, the corresponding policy implications are concluded according to high-efficiency and high-quality development of tourism in 58 major cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- Hospitality Management School, Shanghai Business School, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaifeng Duan
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanwei Xu
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefei Sun
- Hospitality Management School, Shanghai Business School, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanwei Zhang
- College of Public Administration, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changhua Hua
- School of Business Administration, Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance, Shanghai, China
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Hajek A, Bertram F, van Rüth V, Kretzler B, Püschel K, Heinrich F, König HH. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Fear of COVID-19 Among Homeless Individuals During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from the Hamburg Survey of Homeless Individuals. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:2689-2695. [PMID: 34194250 PMCID: PMC8238066 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s317039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To clarify the prevalence and determinants of fear of COVID-19 among homeless individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data were taken from the Hamburg survey of homeless individuals (n=150) covering homeless adults in Hamburg, Germany. Multiple linear regressions were used. Beyond sociodemographic and lifestyle-related independent variables, COVID-19-related factors were also used as independent variables. RESULTS In sum, 56.2% of homeless individuals reported no fear of COVID-19, 23.8% reported a little fear of COVID-19, 9.2% reported some fear of COVID-19 and 10.8% reported severe fear of COVID-19. Regressions showed that an increased fear of COVID-19 was significantly associated with younger age (β=-.01, p<0.05), absence of chronic alcohol consume (β=-.55, p<0.01), an increased perceived own risk of getting infected with the coronavirus one day (β=0.42, p<0.001) and a higher agreement that a diagnosis of the coronavirus would ruin his/her life (β=0.13, p<0.01). CONCLUSION Given the poor hygienic conditions and their increased vulnerability, data surprisingly suggest a quite low fear of COVID-19 among homeless individuals. Efforts may be beneficial which contribute to thinking rationally about COVID-19 among homeless people, since low levels of fear of COVID-19 may contribute to careless behavior and can lead to super-spreading events.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Hajek
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Bertram
- Department of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Victoria van Rüth
- Department of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kretzler
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Püschel
- Department of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Heinrich
- Department of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Hamburg, Germany
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