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Zhang H, Xie J, Lu B, Chen Y, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Xu S, Li X. Premature death patterns and trends in diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue in Shanghai China from 1973 to 2019. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:6832-6840. [PMID: 38186973 PMCID: PMC10767530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The long-term trends in crude mortality rates (CMRs) and age-standardized mortality rates characterized by Segi's world standard population (ASMRWs) of DMSCT in Pudong New Area (PNA), Shanghai, were evaluated from 1973 to 2019, and the role of demographic and non-demographic factors in the mortality of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (DMSCT) was explored. METHODS The PNA district has the largest population and area in Shanghai. Therefore, the mortality registration system of the PNA district was used to calculate and verify the number of deaths. Then, the Joinpoint Regression Program was used to analyze the time trend of mortality. The difference decomposition method was used to visualize the mortality of population and non-population factors, and GraphPad Prism was used for image visualization. RESULTS A total of 2260 deaths from DMSCT occurred from 1973 to 2019. The CMR and ASMRW of DMSCT were 2.56/105 person-years and 1.57/105 person-years, respectively. The number of people aged ≥80 (696 deaths) who died of DMSCT was the highest among total deaths, the highest number of years of life lost (YLL) was observed in the 45-59 age group, and the YLL rate in the ≥80 age group was the highest. The CMR and YLL rates of DMSCT showed upward trends in the total population from 1973 to 2019. CONCLUSION The CMR and YLL rates of DMSCT showed upward trends in the total population from 1973 to 2019 in PNA, Shanghai, and age was closely related to the occurrence of DMSCT. Similarly, demographic factors played a role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyue Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiaxin Xie
- Department of High-Altitude Operational Medicine, Army Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hebei Petrochina Central HospitalLangfang 065000, Hebei, China
| | - Yichen Chen
- Center for Disease Control and PreventionPudong New Area, Shanghai 200136, China
- Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive MedicinePudong New Area, Shanghai 200136, China
| | - Yibo Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuogui Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaopan Li
- Department of Health Management Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
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Ren Z, Wang S, Liu X, Yin Q, Fan J. Associations Between Gender Gaps in Life Expectancy, Air Pollution, and Urbanization: A Global Assessment With Bayesian Spatiotemporal Modeling. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605345. [PMID: 37234944 PMCID: PMC10207345 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: It's evident that women have a longer life expectancy than men. This study investigates the spatiotemporal trends of gender gaps in life expectancy (GGLE). It demonstrates the spatiotemporal difference of the influence factors of population-weighted air pollution (pwPM2.5) and urbanization on GGLE. Methods: Panel data on GGLE and influencing factors from 134 countries from 1960 to 2018 are collected. The Bayesian spatiotemporal model is performed. Results: The results show an obvious spatial heterogeneity worldwide with a continuously increasing trend of GGLE. Bayesian spatiotemporal regression reveals a significant positive relationship between pwPM2.5, urbanization, and GGLE with the spatial random effects. Further, the regression coefficients present obvious geographic disparities across space worldwide. Conclusion: In sum, social-economic development and air quality improvement should be considered comprehensively in global policy to make a fair chance for both genders to maximize their health gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoupeng Ren
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaobin Wang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianglong Liu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Yin
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junfu Fan
- School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
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Wu J, KC S, Luy M. The Gender Gap in Life Expectancy in Urban and Rural China, 2013–2018. Front Public Health 2022; 10:749238. [PMID: 35223719 PMCID: PMC8873095 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.749238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundGender differences in mortality are embedded within mortality transitions. Rural residents generally lag behind their urban counterparts in the transitions. The study objective is to identify major causes of death that drive gender differences in mortality in urban and rural China.MethodsWe use age-, gender-, urban-rural- and cause-specific mortality data (2013–2018) derived from the national mortality surveillance system that covered about 24% of the Chinese population. We apply Arriaga's method to decompose age- and cause-specific contributions to the gender gap in life expectancy at birth. Analyses are stratified by urban-rural residence.ResultsWomen had a higher life expectancy at birth than men in both urban and rural areas. Cancers, cardiovascular disease, external causes, and respiratory disease accounted for more than 90% of the gender gap in both areas during 2013–2018. In urban areas, the gender gap decreased from 5.17 years in 2013–2015 to 4.98 years in 2016–2018. In rural areas, the gender gap stayed rather constant (2013–2015: 5.68 years; 2016–2018: 5.65 years). Traffic accidents, among external causes, contributed the most to decreasing the gender gap (urban: −0.07 years; rural: −0.10 years), especially in the 0–44 age group. However, the decrease in the gender gap was counteracted by an increase in the gender gap attributable to ischemic heart disease (urban: +0.05 years; rural: +0.08 years) and lung cancer (urban: +0.02 years; rural: +0.05 years) in older age groups. The gender gap attributable either to cerebrovascular disease or to chronic lower respiratory disease decreased in urban areas but increased in rural areas.ConclusionsThe urban-rural variations in the cause-specific contributions to the gender gap in China suggest the necessity of implementing urban-rural-specific interventions to improve population health and health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Wu
- Asian Demographic Research Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Samir KC
- Asian Demographic Research Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA, OeAW, University of Vienna), Laxenburg, Austria
- *Correspondence: Samir KC
| | - Marc Luy
- Vienna Institute of Demography (OeAW), Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA, OeAW, University of Vienna), Vienna, Austria
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Jung M, Jembere GB, Park YS, Muhwava W, Choi Y, Cho Y, Ko W. The triple burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases and injuries on sex differences in life expectancy in Ethiopia. Int J Equity Health 2021; 20:180. [PMID: 34344371 PMCID: PMC8330193 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-021-01516-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethiopia has experienced great improvements in life expectancy (LE) at birth over the last three decades. Despite consistent increases in LE for both males and females in Ethiopia, the country has simultaneously witnessed an increasing discrepancy in LE between males and females. METHODS This study used Pollard's actuarial method of decomposing LE to compare age- and cause- specific contributions to changes in sex differences in LE between 1995 and 2015 in Ethiopia. RESULTS Life expectancy at birth in Ethiopia increased for both males and females from 48.28 years and 50.12 years in 1995 to 65.59 years and 69.11 years in 2015, respectively. However, the sex differences in LE at birth also increased from 1.85 years in 1995 to 3.51 years in 2015. Decomposition analysis shows that the higher male mortality was consistently due to injuries and respiratory infections, which contributed to 1.57 out of 1.85 years in 1995 and 1.62 out of 3.51 years in 2015 of the sex differences in LE. Increased male mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) also contributed to the increased difference in LE between males and females over the period, accounting for 0.21 out of 1.85 years and 1.05 out of 3.51 years in 1995 and 2015, respectively. CONCLUSIONS While injuries and respiratory infections causing male mortality were the most consistent causes of the sex differences in LE in Ethiopia, morality from NCDs is the main cause of the recent increasing differences in LE between males and females. However, unlike the higher exposure of males to death from injuries due to road traffic injuries or interpersonal violence, to what extent sex differences are caused by the higher male mortality compared to female mortality from respiratory infection diseases is unclear. Similarly, despite Ethiopia's weak social security system, an explanation for the increased sex differences after the age of 40 years due to either longer female LE or reduced male LE should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunggu Jung
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
| | | | - Young Su Park
- Center for Arts and Humanities, Haverford College, Haverford, PA, USA
| | - William Muhwava
- African Centre for Statistics, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yeohee Choi
- Department of Social Welfare, Graduate School of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngtae Cho
- Institute of Environment and Health, Population Policy Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woorim Ko
- Institute of Environment and Health, Population Policy Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Peng Q, Zhang N, Yu H, Shao Y, Ji Y, Jin Y, Zhong P, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Dong S, Li C, Shi Y, Zheng Y, Jiang F, Chen Y, Jiang Q, Zhou Y. Inequalities in changing mortality and life expectancy in Jiading District, Shanghai, 2002-2018. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:303. [PMID: 33546650 PMCID: PMC7866752 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improvements of population health in China have been unevenly distributed among different sexes and regions. Mortality Registration System provides an opportunity for timely assessments of mortality trend and inequalities. METHODS Causes of death were reclassified following the method of Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD). Age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and ring-map of the rate by town were used to describe inequalities in changing mortality. Life expectancy (LE) and cause-deleted LE were calculated on the basis of life table technique. RESULTS The burden of death from 2002 to 2018 was dominated by cardiovascular diseases (CVD), neoplasms, chronic respiratory diseases and injuries in Jiading district, accounting for almost 80% of total deaths. The overall ASMR dropped from 407.6/100000 to 227.1/100000, and LE increased from 77.86 years to 82.31 years. Women lived about 3.0-3.5 years longer than men. Besides, a cluster of lower LE was found for CVD in the southeast corner and one cluster for neoplasms in the southern corner of the district. The largest individual contributor to increment in LE was neoplasms, ranged from 2.41 to 3.63 years for males, and from 1.60 to 2.36 years for females. CONCLUSIONS Improvement in health was mainly attributed to the decline of deaths caused by CVD and neoplasms, but was distributed with sex and town. This study served as a reflection of health inequality, is conducive to formulate localized health policies and measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Peng
- Jiading District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Building 8, 130 Dong An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongjie Yu
- Jiading District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Yueqin Shao
- Jiading District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Ying Ji
- Jiading District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Yaqing Jin
- Jiading District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Peisong Zhong
- Jiading District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Jiading District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Yingjian Wang
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Building 8, 130 Dong An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shurong Dong
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Building 8, 130 Dong An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Building 8, 130 Dong An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Building 8, 130 Dong An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yingyan Zheng
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Building 8, 130 Dong An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Building 8, 130 Dong An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Qingwu Jiang
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Building 8, 130 Dong An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yibiao Zhou
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Building 8, 130 Dong An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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