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Jongenelis MI, Budden T, Christian H, Coall DA, Jackson B, Nathan A, Glassenbury E. The Role of Grandparents in Facilitating Children's Physical Activity. J Phys Act Health 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39187252 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2024-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests there is considerable opportunity to improve children's movement behaviors while they are being cared for by their grandparents. An understanding of the extent to which grandparent practices facilitate children's engagement in physical activity is critical to the development of health interventions targeting grandparent caregivers. This study examined the activity-related beliefs and practices of grandparents and their association with grandchildren's engagement in various movement behaviors while in grandparental care. METHODS Australian grandparents (N = 1190; 60% women) who provided regular care to a grandchild aged 3-14 years were recruited via a web panel provider to complete an online survey. The survey assessed grandparents' physical activity-related beliefs (eg, perceived importance) and practices (eg, support and social control) and their grandchildren's engagement in physical activity (unstructured, structured, and outdoor play) and screen-based activities while in grandparental care. RESULTS The importance of grandchildren's physical activity was rated highly by grandparents. Grandparents' support for their grandchildren's physical activity was positively associated with their grandchildren's engagement in structured physical activity, unstructured physical activity, and outdoor play. Negative social control was associated with greater engagement in screen-based activities. Other correlates of grandchildren's physical activity and screen-based activities included grandparents' own engagement in these activities. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of reinforcing the beliefs and practices that positively influence children's movement behaviors and addressing those that have unintended consequences. Encouraging grandparents to support their grandchildren's physical activity and discouraging forms of negative social control are likely to be important in efforts to promote physical activity in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle I Jongenelis
- Melbourne Centre for Behaviour Change, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Timothy Budden
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Hayley Christian
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - David A Coall
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Ben Jackson
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Andrea Nathan
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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Watkins JM, Brunnemer JE, Heeter KN, Medellin AM, Churchill WC, Goss JM, Hobson JM, Werner NE, Weaver RG, Kercher VMM, Kercher KA. Evaluating the feasibility and acceptability of a co-designed physical activity intervention for rural middle schoolers: a pilot study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1830. [PMID: 38982408 PMCID: PMC11234612 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of physical activity is a concern for children across diverse backgrounds, particularly affecting those in rural areas who face distinct challenges compared to their urban counterparts. Community-derived interventions are needed that consider the unique context and additional physical activity barriers in under-resourced rural settings. Therefore, a prospective pre-post pilot/feasibility study of Hoosier Sport was conducted over 8-weeks with 6th and 7th grade children in a low-socioeconomic rural middle school setting. The primary objective of the present study was to assess trial- and intervention-related feasibility indicators; and the secondary objective was to collect preliminary assessment data for physical activity levels, fitness, psychological needs satisfaction, and knowledge of physical activity and nutrition among participating youth. METHODS This prospective 8-week pilot/feasibility study took place in the rural Midwestern United States where twenty-four middle school students participated in a mixed-methods pre-post intervention during physical education classes. The intervention included elements like sport-based youth development, individualized goal setting, physical activity monitoring, pedometer usage, and health education. Data were collected at baseline (T1) and post-intervention (T3), with intermediate measures during the intervention (T2). Qualitative data were integrated through semi-structured interviews. Analytical methods encompassed descriptive statistics, correlations, repeated measures ANOVA, and thematic analysis. RESULTS Key findings indicate robust feasibility, with intervention-related scores (FIM, AIM, and IAM) consistently surpassing the "good" threshold and 100% retention and recruitment success. Additionally, participants showed significant physical performance improvement, shifting from the 25th to the 50th percentile in the 6-minute walk test (p < 0.05). Autonomy and competence remained high, reflecting positive perceptions of program practicality. Nutrition knowledge, initially low, significantly improved at post-intervention (p < 0.01), highlighting the efficacy of targeted nutritional education in Hoosier Sport. CONCLUSIONS This study pioneers a community-engaged model for physical activity intervention in under-resourced rural settings. Positive participant feedback, coupled with improvements in physical fitness and psychosocial factors, highlights the potential of the co-design approach. The findings offer valuable insights and a practical template for future community-based research, signaling the promising impact of such interventions on holistic well-being. This research lays the foundation for subsequent phases of the ORBIT model, emphasizing collaborative, community-driven approaches to address the complex issue of declining physical activity levels among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette M Watkins
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Julia E Brunnemer
- Department of Health & Wellness Design, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Kathleen N Heeter
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Andrew M Medellin
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - William C Churchill
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Janelle M Goss
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Logan University, Chesterfield, MO, USA
| | | | - Nicole E Werner
- Department of Health & Wellness Design, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - R Glenn Weaver
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Vanessa M Martinez Kercher
- Department of Health & Wellness Design, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Kyle A Kercher
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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Watkins JM, Greeven SJ, Heeter KN, Brunnemer JE, Otile J, Solá PAF, Dutta S, Hobson JM, Evanovich JM, Coble CJ, Werner NE, Martinez Kercher VM, Kercher KA. Human-centered participatory co-design with children and adults for a prototype lifestyle intervention and implementation strategy in a rural middle school. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:845. [PMID: 38504193 PMCID: PMC10949632 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18351-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The significance of regular physical activity (PA) in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is widely acknowledged. However, children in rural areas encounter specific barriers to PA compared to their urban counterparts. This study employs human-centered participatory co-design, involving community stakeholders in developing a multi-level PA intervention named Hoosier Sport. The primary hypothesis is the co-design sessions leading to the development of a testable intervention protocol. METHODS Two co-design teams, each consisting of six children and six adults, were formed using human-centered participatory co-design facilitated by research faculty and graduate students. The process involved five co-design sessions addressing problem identification, solution generation, solution evaluation, operationalization, and prototype evaluation. Thematic analysis was employed to identify key themes and intervention components. RESULTS Child co-designers (n = 6) ranged from 6th to 8th grade, averaging 12.6 years (SD = 1.8), while adult co-designers (n = 6) averaged 43.3 years (SD = 8.08). Thematic analysis revealed children emphasizing autonomy, the freedom to choose physical and non-physical activities, and the importance of building peer relationships during PA. Adult interviews echoed the importance of autonomy and choice in activities, with a focus on relatedness through positive role modeling. CONCLUSION The prototype intervention and implementation strategies developed constitute a testable intervention aligned with Phase 1 of the ORBIT model. This testable prototype lays the groundwork for a collaborative campus-community partnership between the university and the local community, ensuring mutual benefits and sustainable impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette M Watkins
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Sarah J Greeven
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Kathleen N Heeter
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Julia E Brunnemer
- Department of Health & Wellness Design, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jacob Otile
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Paola A Fernández Solá
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Sandeep Dutta
- Neag School of Education, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Cassandra J Coble
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Nicole E Werner
- Department of Health & Wellness Design, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Vanessa M Martinez Kercher
- Department of Health & Wellness Design, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Kyle A Kercher
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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Motoki N, Morota H, Shibazaki T, Nakamura C, Nakazawa Y. Familial and lifestyle factors related to physical activity in elementary school students: a cross-sectional study based on a nationally representative survey in Japan. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:338. [PMID: 37400765 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The decrease in physical activity (PA) among children has become a global concern. Since the analysis of sociodemographic factors as determinants of exercise habits has been inconclusive, this study investigated the factors related to participation in organized sports and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) levels. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the Sports-Life Survey conducted in 2019 by the Sasagawa Sports Foundation were used. Data on the gender, age, grade, annual household income, family members, and lifestyle habits of elementary school children as well as information on participation in organized sports and MVPA were collected by written questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression models were applied to calculate the adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for the association of each variable with participation in organized sports and frequent MVPA (≥ 60 min/day for ≥ 5 days/week). RESULTS A total of 1,197 participants were included in the analysis. Whereas 1,053 (88.2%) students expressed a like for PA, only 725 students (60.8%) actually took part in organized sports. Organized sports participation was significantly associated with gender, grade, population density, household income, daily breakfast, lower screen time, and frequent exercise with parents (all P < 0.05). We observed that 12.3% of participants met the frequent MVPA level, which was significantly related to lower screen time and exercise habits with parents (both P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Social and family factors may be strong determinants of engagement in PA among Japanese elementary school-aged children. Parental involvement appears particularly important for promoting PA among youths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Motoki
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Haruka Morota
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takumi Shibazaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Chizuko Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yozo Nakazawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
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Ke Y, Chen S, Hong J, Liang Y, Liu Y. Associations between socioeconomic status and screen time among children and adolescents in China: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280248. [PMID: 36952470 PMCID: PMC10035844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Socioeconomic status (SES) is an important determinant of screen time (ST) in children and adolescents, however, the association between SES and ST is not fully understood in China. This study aimed to investigate the association between SES and ST (operationalized as meeting the ST guidelines; no more than 2 hours per day) in Chinese children and adolescents. Methods Cross-sectional data of 2,955 Chinese children and adolescents aged 8 to 17(53.4% girls) were used. SES was measured using indicators of parental education and perceived family wealth. ST was assessed with detailed items from the Health Behaviour School-aged Children survey questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and a Chi-square test were used to report the sample characteristics and analyse ST differences across different sociodemographic groups. A binary logistic regression was then applied to analyse the association of SES indicators with ST in children and adolescents. Results Overall, 25.3% of children and adolescents met the ST guidelines. Children and adolescents with higher parental education levels were 1.84 [95% CI 1.31–2.57; father] and 1.42 [95% CI 1.02–1.98; mother] times more likely to meet the ST guidelines than those with lower parental education levels. Associations between SES and ST varied across sex and grade groups. Moreover, the associations of SES with ST on weekdays and weekends were different. Conclusions This study demonstrated the association between SES and ST in children and adolescents, highlighting the importance of targeting children and adolescents with low SES levels as an intervention priority. Based on our findings, specific interventions can be tailored to effectively reduce ST. Future studies are encouraged to use longitudinal or interventional designs to further determine the association between SES and ST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Ke
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Sitong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jintao Hong
- Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency), Shanghai, China
| | - Yahan Liang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Sheng J, Gong L, Zhou J. Exercise health belief model mediates the relationship between physical activity and peer support among Chinese college students: A cross-sectional survey. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1103109. [PMID: 36814667 PMCID: PMC9940899 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1103109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored the influence of the exercise health belief model and peer support on university students' physical activity PA and clarified the related mechanism. Three hundred and thirty-six healthy university students (aged 19.4 ± 1.3 years, 166 male and 170 female) from Sichuan University of Arts and Science in China were evaluated by the peer support scale, the health belief model scale for exercise, and the physical activity scale (short volume). The results showed that the male students' exercise self-efficacy and PA were markedly higher than female university students. Peer support was positively correlated with perceived benefits, exercise self-efficacy, perceived severity, and cues to action, and was adversely associated with perceived objective and subjective barriers. PA was positively correlated with perceived benefits and exercise self-efficacy, and negatively correlated with perceived objective and subjective barriers. Among the components of the exercise health belief model, only exercise self-efficacy was suitable for constructing a structural equation model (SEM) with peer support and PA. The analysis showed that the predictive effect of exercise self-efficacy on PA was more significant than peer support, and exercise self-efficacy played a critical intermediary role. It is worth noting that, in the grouping model, the effect of male college students' exercise self-efficacy on PA was greater than that of female students, and the model fit of male peer support was better than that of female students. Although the impact of peer support on PA was less than that of exercise self-efficacy and the direct effect of peer support was less than the indirect effect, the impact of peer support on the PA of female university students was higher than that of male university students. This study revealed the impact of exercise self-efficacy and peer support on university students' PA and suggested that exercise self-efficacy is the main path to promoting university students' PA, followed by peer support. Peer support could affect university students' PA not only through direct effects but also through indirect effects. This study also suggested that female university students' peer support has a higher impact on PA than male students. Therefore, when formulating physical exercise courses in the future, it is necessary to give more peer support to female university students to compensate for their low exercise self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhi Sheng
- Laboratory of Sports and Health Promotion, School of Physical Education, Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou, China,Graduate School of Management, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Malaysia,*Correspondence: Jiazhi Sheng,
| | - Lamei Gong
- Laboratory of Sports and Health Promotion, School of Physical Education, Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- School of Health Caring Industry, Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou, China
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Wong MYC, Ou K, Zhang CQ, Zhang R. Neighborhood Built and Social Environment Influences on Lifestyle Behaviors among College Students in a High-Density City: A Photovoice Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16558. [PMID: 36554437 PMCID: PMC9779427 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Based on the social ecological approach, a photovoice study was conducted to explore how neighborhood built and social environments facilitate or hinder college students' lifestyle behaviors, including physical activity, active transportation, and dietary behavior. A total of 37 college students took photos about neighborhood built and social environments that may affect their physical activity, dietary behavior, and active transportation, and shared their perceptions about how neighborhood built and social environments influence their lifestyle behaviors. Our findings demonstrated that the availability and accessibility of services, school facilities, and home facilities affected physical activity and dietary behaviors among college students. Moreover, the well-developed transportation facilities and networks benefit college students' active transportation. Environments-based interventions are recommended in future research to better understand the associations between neighborhood built and social environments and lifestyle behaviors in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yu Claudia Wong
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kailing Ou
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun-Qing Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Ke Y, Shi L, Peng L, Chen S, Hong J, Liu Y. Associations between socioeconomic status and physical activity: A cross-sectional analysis of Chinese children and adolescents. Front Psychol 2022; 13:904506. [PMID: 36118481 PMCID: PMC9477139 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.904506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesAlthough socioeconomic status (SES) has been shown to be an important determinant of physical activity (PA) in adults, the association in children and adolescents remains less consistent based on evidence from western developed countries. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to investigate associations between SES and PA among Chinese children and adolescents.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with a self-reported questionnaire in China. The multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used, and 2,955 children and adolescents (8–17 years old, 53.4% girls) were enrolled in this study. SES was assessed by measuring parental education levels, perceived family wealth, and Family Affluence Scale II (FAS II). PA was assessed by reliable and valid items from the Health Behavior School-aged Children Surveillance questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were used to report sample characteristics, including demographic characteristics, levels of PA, and SES. The Chi-square test was applied to analyze the differences of PA in gender and school period. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the association between SES and PA among children and adolescents.ResultsOverall, 10.4% of children and adolescents accumulated moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at least 60 min per day. Boys were more physically active than girls (14.1% vs. 7.2%, p < 0.001). Higher socioeconomic status was positively associated with higher physical activity levels among children and adolescents, especially using FAS and mother education level as SES measures. The association between SES and PA varied by gender and grade group, and the effects of SES are also different on weekdays and weekends.ConclusionThis study found socioeconomic disparities in PA among Chinese children and adolescents, and showed the importance of targeting children and adolescents with low SES intervention priority. Based on these research findings, it is suggested that SES, especially for FAS and mother education level, should be considered when designing and implementing the promotion of regular PA in children and adolescents. Health policymakers may use this information to develop interventions to reduce health inequalities among children and adolescents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Ke
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Shi
- Department of Comprehensive Education and Preschool Education, Shanghai Teacher Training Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingqun Peng
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, China
| | - Sitong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jintao Hong
- Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Liu,
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Zhang D, Hong J, Chen S, Liu Y. Associations of physical activity with academic achievement and academic burden in Chinese children and adolescents: do gender and school grade matter? BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1496. [PMID: 35932047 PMCID: PMC9356485 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity (PA) was significantly associated with cognition and mental health in children and adolescent. However, there were few studies examining the associations of PA with academic achievement (AA) and academic burden (AB) by gender and school grade. Hence, this study aimed to 1) investigate the associations of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) with AA and AB in Chinese children and adolescents, and 2) assess whether these associations vary by gender and school grade. Methods Using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling design (at four different regions in Southern east China), 2653 children and adolescents (8–19 years old, 51.2% girls) were included. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data on study participants’ gender, school grade, family social economic status (SES), parental education level, MVPA, AA and AB. Binary logistic regression was applied to examine the associations of MVPA with AA (groups: above-average AA, average and below-average AA) and AB (groups: reporting AB, reporting no AB) with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). After testing gender*grade interaction, those associations were explored by gender and school grade separately. Results In the overall sample, compared with children and adolescents who did not meet the PA guidelines (at least 60 min MVPA daily), children and adolescents who met the PA guidelines were more likely to have above-average (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.21–2.11) AA, and report no AB (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.13–2.30). In both genders, meeting the PA guidelines was positively associated with above-average AA (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.01–2.03 for boys; OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.43–3.44 for girls). However, the significant relationship between meeting the PA guidelines and AB was observed only in girls (OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.17–3.39). Meeting the PA guidelines was positively associated with above-average AA (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.18–2.40), and reporting no AB (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.08–2.91) only in middle school students. Conclusions This study suggested that sufficient PA may be a contributary factor of improved AA and lower level of AB in Chinese children and adolescents. However, associations of PA with AA and AB may be different across gender or school grade. Promoting PA among girls or middle school students may be a good approach to improve AA and reduce AB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jintao Hong
- Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency), Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Sitong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China. .,Shanghai Research Centre for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Karchynskaya V, Kopcakova J, Madarasova Geckova A, Klein D, de Winter AF, Reijneveld SA. Body image, body composition and environment: do they affect adolescents' physical activity? Eur J Public Health 2022; 32:341-346. [PMID: 35265974 PMCID: PMC9159304 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most adolescents are less physically active than recommended, despite the strong effort of various stakeholders to promote physical activity (PA). Body image and body composition may play an important role not only in directly facilitating adolescents' PA but also in enabling environment-related factors. As evidence is lacking, we aimed to assess the associations of adolescents' PA with body-related and environment-related factors, whether this differs by age and gender, and whether these factors interact. METHODS We used data on 888 11- to 15-year-old adolescents (mean age = 13.5, 56% boys) from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study conducted in 2018 in Slovakia. We used multinomial logistic regression analysis to assess the association of adolescents' PA with body-related factors (body image, body composition) and environment-related factors (PA-promoting environment, less leisure constraints), taking into account age and gender. RESULTS Adolescents who perceived their body as not too fat were more likely to be physically very active rather than inactive [odds ratios (ORs)/95% confidence interval (CI) 2.15/1.44-3.22], and similarly those who were not overweight/obese (3.24/2.09-5.01) and perceived less leisure constraints (1.74/1.44-2.11). In older adolescents and in girls, the association of adolescents' PA with body composition and environment-related factors was stronger. The association of adolescents' PA with perceiving less leisure constraints was stronger among adolescents who did not perceive their body as too fat (OR/95% CI 1.98/1.26-3.14), and for those who were not overweight/obese (OR/95% CI 1.62/1.01-2.57). CONCLUSION Adolescents' PA is associated with both body-related and environment-related factors. These associations are stronger in girls and older adolescents, if co-occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoryia Karchynskaya
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia.,Department of Community & Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaroslava Kopcakova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia.,Department of Community & Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Madarasova Geckova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia.,Department of Community & Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava Mlynské, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Klein
- Institute of Mathematics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Andrea F de Winter
- Department of Community & Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sijmen A Reijneveld
- Department of Community & Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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An M, Chen T, Zhou Q, Ma J. Paternal and maternal support of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in children on weekdays and weekends: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1776. [PMID: 34592977 PMCID: PMC8482694 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11730-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies of associations between parental support behaviours for physical activity (PA) and children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) have been conducted in developed countries, and they have focused on maternal or parental support behaviours. Children's MVPA time (i.e., weekdays vs. weekends) has not been adequately differentiated. This paper investigated the associations of paternal and maternal support behaviours for PA with the proportion of children who met the MVPA recommendations on weekdays and weekends in China. METHODS Cross-sectional data of 517 father-child dyads and 1422 mother-child dyads were analysed. The children recorded PA diaries on 7 consecutive days to assess their MVPA time. The father or mother completed a questionnaire concerning their support for children's PA. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the independent effects of paternal and maternal support behaviours for PA on whether children met the MVPA recommendations for weekdays, weekends, and the whole week. RESULTS Significantly fewer children met the MVPA recommendations on weekends (37.8%) than on weekdays (62.8%). Higher paternal (odds ratio [OR] = 1.098, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.009-1.195) and maternal (OR = 1.076, 95% CI: 1.021-1.134) total support behaviour scores were associated with higher odds of children meeting the MVPA recommendations on weekends, after controlling for covariates. Paternal PA knowledge-sharing with the child was positively associated with children meeting the MVPA recommendations on weekends (OR = 1.319, 95% CI: 1.055-1.649); it tended to be associated with children meeting the MVPA recommendations on weekdays and throughout the week, although these associations were not statistically significant. Maternal reservation of PA time for the child was positively associated with a higher likelihood of children meeting the MVPA recommendations on weekdays (OR = 1.160, 95% CI: 1.025-1.313), weekends (OR = 1.241, 95% CI: 1.097-1.403), and throughout the week (OR = 1.214, 95% CI: 1.076-1.369). CONCLUSIONS Paternal and maternal support behaviours for PA should be enhanced on weekends to increase children's MVPA. Fathers should share PA knowledge with children and mothers should reserve PA time for children every day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijing An
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Tianjiao Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Qianling Zhou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
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